The substantiation of the parameters of an unmanned system for automated monitoring of animals on pasture

The research provides the substantiation of the main parameters of an unmanned automated herd monitoring system on a pasture by automating the measurement of current physiological indicators of animals to improve the efficiency and rate of supervision over them in free grazing conditions. The studies were based on the theory of radio communication about the propagation of radio waves, and also there was used a graphoanalytic method for calculating the parameters of component elements as parts of an unmanned system for automated monitoring of animals on pasture. The DJI Phantom 4 Advanced quadcopter was used to measure the flight time of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) over the real pasture. As a payload, the weight of 350 g was taken. As a pasture, the experimental field at the farm “Kutuzovka”, Kharkiv district, Kharkiv region with an area of 200 ha was used. The research was carried out in summer 2021. According to the results of well-known studies of the processes, methods and technical means of monitoring the physiological state of animals on pasture, it has been established that the advanced technological means including air-based devices should be used for remote monitoring. Among them are helicopter-type unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as elements of the radio telemetry system (RTM), individual tags and sensors of the physiological parameters of the animal. At the same time, an unmanned automated monitoring system in combination with RTM elements is able to provide the transmission of physiological data from any sensors located on the animal's body or inside it. The data are transmitted to the main point of receiving information for processing it on a PC and giving recommendations to specialists (veterinarians, zootechnicians, etc.). The power of the relay equipment on board the UAV is calculated to be at least 60 mW and the communication range with the animal transponder not more than 800 m. The main parameters of the UAV flight over a pasture of 200 hectares have been experimentally established – the height is 20 m, the speed is 8.7 km/h, the time is 27.5 min, the payload is 350 g

Dynamics of global and segmental strain as a marker of right ventricular contractility recovery in patients after COVID-19 pneumonia

Aim. To study the changes of morphological and functional right ventricular (RV) parameters depending on the severity of coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia over long-term follow-up.Material and methods. A total of 200 patients (men, 51,5%, mean age, 51,4±10,9 years) were examined at 2 control visits (3, 12 months after receiving two negative polymerase chain reaction tests). Patients were divided into following groups: group I (n=94) — lung tissue involvement ≥50% according to inhospital chest computed tomography (chest CT), group II (n=106) — lung tissue involvement˂50% according to chest CT.Results. The groups were comparable in key clinical and functional parameters 3 months after COVID-19 pneumonia. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) revealed a significant increase in following global longitudinal strain (LS) parameters: RV free wall endocardial LS (-22,7±3,2% and -24,3±3,8% in group I, p<0,001; -23,2±3,5% and -24,5±3,4% in group II, p><0,001), and RV endocardial LS (-21,0±3,1% and -22,5±3,7% in group I, p><0,001, -21,5±3,2% and -22,6±3,3% in group II, p=0,001 ). Significant increase of segmental endocardial LS was revealed in group I in the basal segments of RV free wall (-26,2±5,1% and -28,1±5,1%, p=0,004) and interventricular septum (IVS) (-16,2 [13,9; 19,5]% and -17,5 [14,6; 21,4]%, p=0,024), IVS middle segment (-20,3±4,1% and -21,5±4,8%, p=0,030), as well as in group II in the apical segments of RV free wall (-21,9±6,7% and -24,4±5,2%, p=0,001) and IVS (-23,7±4,7% and -24,9±4,8%, p=0,014). Conclusion. Recovery of RV function during a 12-month follow-up period in patients with both severe and moderate/mild lung involvement in COVID-19 was detected using the STE method.>˂0,001; -23,2±3,5% and -24,5±3,4% in group II, p˂0,001), and RV endocardial LS (-21,0±3,1% and -22,5±3,7% in group I, p˂0,001, -21,5±3,2% and -22,6±3,3% in group II, p=0,001 ). Significant increase of segmental endocardial LS was revealed in group I in the basal segments of RV free wall (-26,2±5,1% and -28,1±5,1%, p=0,004) and interventricular septum (IVS) (-16,2 [13,9; 19,5]% and -17,5 [14,6; 21,4]%, p=0,024), IVS middle segment (-20,3±4,1% and -21,5±4,8%, p=0,030), as well as in group II in the apical segments of RV free wall (-21,9±6,7% and -24,4±5,2%, p=0,001) and IVS (-23,7±4,7% and -24,9±4,8%, p=0,014).Conclusion. Recovery of RV function during a 12-month follow-up period in patients with both severe and moderate/mild lung involvement in COVID-19 was detected using the STE method

PERSONALITY TYPE D AND THE LEVEL OF SUBCLINICAL INFLAMMATION MARKERS IN CHD PATIENTS

Aim. To study the level of biomarkers of subclinical inflammation in CHD patients with existence of absence of personality type D.Material and methods. In 62 patients with stable CHD before planned CBG operation we assessed concentrations: of matrix metalloproteases -2, -3, -9, tissue inhibitor of matrix proteases -1, -2, C-reactive protein, soluble CD40 ligand, tumor necrosis factor alpha. For further study we selected two groups: 1 group (n=27) — patients with type D and 2 group (n=35) — with non-D type. Personality type was defined with DS-14 questionnaire. Patients were asked 14 questions with 5 variants of responses to each. Counting of points was done by two scales: negative irritability and social suppression. Type D was set if 10 points and more by each of the scales. All patients underwent: general and biochemical blood tests, echocardiography, color duplex scanning of brachiocephalic arteries and coronary angiography.Results. In intergroup comparison both groups were comparable by the most anamnestic and clinical parameters. There were no any differences in the instrumental assessments data. In type D patients there was higher level of MMP-9 (resp. 53,2 pg/mL and 66,5 pg/mL; р=0,051) and sCD40L (resp. 2,8 ng/mL and 5,7 ng/mL; р=0,013) comparing with those non-D-type. The level of other biomarkers in groups did not differ, concentration of MMP-2 and TNF-α were slightly higher among type-D, of the others — among non-D-typers. There were also statistically significant negative correlations of type-D and MMP-9 and sCD40L.Conclusion. In CHD patients, examined before coronary bypass operation, presence of type D personality was not followed by the increase of subclinical inflammation markers level comparing to patients without such type. In type-D patients there was increase of platelet activation markers activation, that associates with adverse outcomes in CHD

Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin in Patients with Acute Heart Failure from the First Day of Hospitalization

Aim. Evaluation of the safety, clinical and hemodynamic effects of empagliflozin in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) from the first day of hospitalization in the absence of signs of hemodynamic instability.Material and methods. A prospective, comparative, randomized study included 46 patients admitted to the hospital in connection with ADHF in the absence of signs of hemodynamic instability. Inclusion in the study and randomization to receive empagliflozin was carried out in the first 24 hours from the moment of admission to the hospital. The main group (n=23) from the first day of hospitalization and the entire subsequent follow-up period took empagliflozin at a daily dose of 10 and 25 mg (for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus) in addition to basic therapy, the control group (n=23) received standard therapy without gliflozines. The observation period was 3 months and included 3 control points: 1st day of hospitalization, 7th-12th day, 3rd month of observation. Clinical, anamnestic and instrumental data were evaluated at all control points.Results. In the hospital period, by the 7th-12th day, only in the main group there was an improvement in all clinical indicators (p<0.01), an increase in the rate of diuresis (p><0.01), a decrease in the daily dose of the parenteral diuretic furosemide from 54 mg to 26 mg (p><0.01). A decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) occurred in both groups (p><0.01), but it was more pronounced in the comparison group [from 141 (110; 160) to 110 (90; 120) mm Hg) compared to the main group [from 140 (120; 160) to 120 (110; 130) mm Hg]. According to echocardiography data in the main group, there was a decrease in the indexed volume of the right atrium, the end-systolic volume of the left ventricle (LV ESV) and systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery, an increase in the LV ejection fraction (LV EF) (p><0.05). In the comparison group, only an increase in LV ESV was noted (p=0.04). The index of the indexed volume of the left atrium did not show significant dynamics in the main group (p=0.79), but showed a significant decrease>˂0.01), a decrease in the daily dose of the parenteral diuretic furosemide from 54 mg to 26 mg (p<0.01). A decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) occurred in both groups (p>˂0.01), but it was more pronounced in the comparison group [from 141 (110; 160) to 110 (90; 120) mm Hg) compared to the main group [from 140 (120; 160) to 120 (110; 130) mm Hg]. According to echocardiography data in the main group, there was a decrease in the indexed volume of the right atrium, the end-systolic volume of the left ventricle (LV ESV) and systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery, an increase in the LV ejection fraction (LV EF) (p˂0.05). In the comparison group, only an increase in LV ESV was noted (p=0.04). The index of the indexed volume of the left atrium did not show significant dynamics in the main group (p=0.79), but showed a significant decrease in the 2nd and 3rd control points compared to the control group (p=0.01 and p=0.02). Complications, against the background of taking empagliflozin, were not noted: there were no episodes of hypotension (SBP˂90 mm Hg), hypoglycemia, acute kidney injury.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the safety of empagliflozin in patients with ADHF, regardless of the status of carbohydrate metabolism and LV EF, as well as taking into account the clinical (more intense positive dynamics of clinical symptoms of ADHF) and hemodynamic (smooth decrease in SBP, increased diuretic effect) effects of empagliflozin, this drug should be considered as an effective and safe supplement to the main therapy from the first day of hospitalization in patients with stable hemodynamic parameters

The role of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus for poor in-hospital prognosis of coronary artery bypass grafting

Background: The management of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who need myocardial revascularization is a great challenge. Aims: To study the role of newly diagnosed T2DM in the development of in-hospital adverse outcomes after coronary artery surgery (CABG). Methods: 708 consecutive patients underwent CABG were included. All patients without history of T2DM and with border fasting hyperglycemia underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Results: The screening allowed to diagnose T2DM in 8.9% and prediabetes in 10.4% of the study population. The the number of patients with T2DM increased from 15.2% to 24.1%, and with prediabetes from 3.0% to 13.4%. The total number of patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders increased from 18.2% to 37.5%. The trend towards higher rate of in-hospital complications after CABG was defined among patients with newly diagnosed and previously diagnosed T2DM. The regression analysis demonstrated the presence of the relationships between the previously diagnosed T2DM and the total number of significant complications (odds ratio (OR) 1.350, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0571.723, p=0.020) and prolonged in-hospital stay (OR 1.609, 95%CI 1.2022.155, p=0.001). The significance of these relationships increased with the addition of newly diagnosed T2DM to the regression model (for in-hospital complications: OR 1.731, 95% CI 1.1312.626, p=0.012; for prolonged in-hospital stay: OR 2.229, 95%CI 1.4123.519, p0.001). Moreover, additional associations between T2DM and the risk of developing multiple organ dysfunction (OR 2.911, 95% CI 1.0727.901, p=0.039), urgent lower extremity surgery (OR 1.638, 95%CI 1.00915.213, p=0.020) and the need for extracorporeal correction of hemostasis (OR 3.472, 95%CI 1.04211.556, p=0.044) have been defined. Importantly, the presence of these associations would not have been identified without including newly diagnosed DM in the regression model. Conclusion: The newly diagnosed T2DM affects the prognosis of CABG as well as the previously diagnosed T2DM. The obtained results suggest the importance of active preoperative T2DM screening

Влияние спиртового экстракта большой восковой моли (Galleria mellonella) на внутренние органы мышей

The paper highlights the effect of 40% alcohol extract of large bee- moth (Galleria mellonella) on the organs of mice. The researchers used white mice, arranged in groups of 5. The control group consisted of mice that did not receive the extract. The researchers applied the specimen in mice of groups 1, 2 and 3, when the specimen was applied during 21 days dozed 6, 12, 24 ml per 100 ml (0.3, 0.6 and 0.9%), respectively. The authors found out that in histological examination of the myocardium in all experimental groups, the structure of the endocardium, myocardium and epicardium corresponded to physiological parameters. The authors observed the tendency to increase the size of renal bodies and a slight increase in urinary space in the kidney tissues of all experimental animals. This may indicate some increase in renal filtration. The authors observed less thickness of the glomerular zone of the adrenal cortex in the animals of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups. Higher thickness of the beam zone was observed only in animals of the 1st experimental group, which could indicate stress effects. This lower index was observed in other experimental groups of mice, which could be caused by depletion of compensatory mechanisms. After applying the extract dozed 0.3 %, the authors found out an increase in the thickness of the adrenal brain zone, while 0.6 and 0.9% dozes led to the decrease of the index. Changes in the liver certify the impact of ethyl alcohol on hepatocytes. The authors observed higher number of dual-core hepatocytes and vacuolazed ones in proportion to higher concentration of the extract in the experimental animals. Studying the spleen, the researchers found an increase in the area of the white pulp and signs of blast transformation in the animals of the 2nd experimental group. Thus, oral application of G. mellonella extract in different dosage provokes histological changes that characterize compensatory reactions, severity of which was determined by specimen doze. The authors didn’t prove specimen toxicity. The specimen dozed 0.3 % has a frank adaptogenic effect on the internal organs of mice.Представлены результаты исследования воздействия препарата 40 %-го спиртового экстракта большой восковой моли (Galleria mellonella) на внутренние органы мышей. В опыте использовали белых мышей, подобранных в группы по 5 голов. Контрольную группу составляли мыши, не получавшие экстракт. Мышам 1, 2 и 3-й групп препарат вводили путем выпаивания в течение 21 дня в дозировке 6, 12, 24 мл на 100 мл (0,3; 0,6 и 0,9 %) соответственно. При гистологическом исследовании миокарда во всех опытных группах структура эндокарда, миокарда и эпикарда соответствовала физиологическим показателям. В тканях почек у животных всех опытных групп наблюдалась тенденция к увеличению размеров почечных телец и незначительному увеличению мочевого пространства, что может свидетельствовать о некотором усилении почечной фильтрации. У животных 2-й и 3-й опытных групп наблюдалось уменьшение толщины клубочковой зоны коры надпочечников. Увеличение толщины пучковой зоны отмечали лишь у животных 1-й опытной группы, что могло свидетельствовать о стрессогенном воздействии. У мышей остальных опытных групп наблюдалось уменьшение данного показателя, что могло быть связано с истощением компенсаторных механизмов. После введения экстракта в дозе 0,3 % наблюдалось увеличение толщины мозговой зоны надпочечников, тогда как дозировка 0,6 и 0,9 % приводила к понижению показателя. Изменения в печени свидетельствовали о воздействии этилового спирта на состояние гепатоцитов. У животных опытных групп увеличивалось число двуядерных и вакуолизированных гепатоцитов пропорционально увеличению концентрации экстракта. При исследовании селезенки увеличение площади белой пульпы и признаки бластной трансформации обнаруживали у животных 2-й опытной группы. Таким образом, пероральное введение экстракта G. mellonella в различной дозировке провоцирует гистологические изменения, характеризующие картину компенсаторных реакций, выраженность которых определялась дозировкой вводимого препарата. Токсичность препарата не доказана. Дозировка экстракта 0,3 % оказывает выраженный адаптогенный эффект на внутренние органы мышей

Role of glycemic control in elective percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes

Aim. To assess the association of glycemic control (achievement of an individual target glycated hemoglobin level) with the outcomes of elective percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Material and methods. This cohort observational study included 74 patients with a median age of 61 (57; 64) years. There were 49% of men with a previously established T2D, who had indications for elective primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable coronary artery disease. At inclusion in the study and after 1 month, the concentration of fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fructosamine, and serum creatinine were determined. Plasma glucose levels were determined using the hexokinase method. HbA1c level was determined by immunoturbidimetry on a Konelab 30i chemistry analyzer. The concentration of fructosamine was determined by the kinetic colorimetric assay on a Konelab 30i chemistry analyzer. Statistical processing was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 program from StatSoft, Inc. (USA).Results. At the time of enrollment, 31% of participants had not achieved the target glycated hemoglobin level against the background of nonoptimal hypoglycemic therapy in most cases. A total of 18 (25%) following adverse cardiovascular events were registered within 12 months after PCI: 11 (15%) patients developed acute coronary syndrome; among them, 6 (8%) patients had stent restenosis according to coronary angiography, 4 (6%) patients — progression of atherosclerosis, which required repeated PCI with stenting of another vessel, 2 (3%) patients — cerebrovascular accident, and 3 (4%) patients were hospitalized due to de compensated heart failure. According to multivariate logistic regression, only the HbA1c level was a predictor of adverse outcomes during the year after PCI — a 1% increase in HbA1c level increased the risk of adverse outcomes by 1,79 times (odds ratio, 1,79, 95% confidence interval, 1,06-3,02, p=0,028). Poor glycemic control 1 month before PCI increased the risk of cardiovascular events by 4,04 times over the next year, while non-target HbA1c level immediately before PCI increased the risk of adverse outcomes by 4,7 times, and 5 months after PCI, by 7,34 times.Conclusion. The significance of non-target glycated hemoglobin level for adverse outcomes during the year after elective PCI against the background of T2D was established with an increase in the negative effect as long-term (after myocardial revascularization) maintenance of poor glycemic control

Coronary atherosclerosis progression in patients after coronary stenting, depending on a cardiology follow-up strategy

Aim. To compare the prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis in patients after coronary stenting (CS) receiving outpatient and remote cardiology follow-up during a one-year study.Material and methods. We enrolled 279 patients aged 61,5±9,5 years with class ≥II stable angina or silent ischemia after CS. Three groups were formed: group 1 (n=96) — outpatient visits before CS, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after CS. Group 2 (n=95) — remote monitoring: patients were followed up by a primary care physician with the involvement of a cardiologist via remote communication (e-mail, telephone, Skype) 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after CS. Group 3 (n=88) were followed up by a primary care physician and contacted with the study coordinator before and 12 months after CS. After 12 months, all patients underwent stress-induced myocardial ischemia testing. In case of a positive or uncertain test result, coronary angiography (CA) was performed.Results. Stress-induced myocardial ischemia 12 months after CS was verified in 58 patients (21%): 19 patients (19,8%) — group 1; 9 patients (9,5%) — group 2; 30 patients (34,1%) — group 3 (p<0,05). Repeat CA was performed in 96 patients (34,4% of the total number of patients). Restenosis was detected in 8 (2,9%) patients, coronary atherosclerosis progression — in 38 (13,6%), combination of restenosis and atherosclerosis progression — in 4 (1,4%) patients. Coronary atherosclerosis progression was significantly more frequent in group 3: 10,4%, 9,5% and 21,6% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p<0,05). The incidence of stent restenosis was comparable: 2,1%, 3,2% and 3,5% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively.Conclusion. Coronary atherosclerosis progression was the main reason for repeated revascularizations 12 months after the CS. Outpatient and remote cardiology follow-up is associated with a lower incidence of coronary atherosclerosis progression and repeated CA during 12-month follow-up after CS

Analysis of radial artery occlusion causes and methods of its prevention after interventions using radial access. Results of the APRIORI study

Aim. To study predictors of radial artery occlusion (RAO) and ways to prevent it after interventions using radial access.Material and methods. The study consisted of prospective and retrospective parts. The total number of included patients was 2284. Patients undergoing interventions by radial access in various medical organizations were retrospectively considered. The prospective study included 1284 patients who were subject to interventional treatment. Patients were randomized into two groups as follows: in group 1, hemostasis was performed within 4 hours, in group 2 — >6 hours. All patients underwent a bedside Barbeau test with a pulse oximeter and an ultrasound of access arteries to determine the radial artery patency/occlusion.Results. The RAO rate in the retrospective part was 21,8%, while in the prospective one — 10,1% with long-term hemostasis and 1,4% with short-term hemostasis (p<0,001). Predictors of RAO were type 2 diabetes (odds ratio (OR), 1,9, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1,1-3,4, p=0,03) and an increase in hemostasis duration by 1 hour (OR, 1,2, 95% CI, 1,1-1,3, p<0,001). When analyzing the retrospective part, the predictors of RAO were body mass index (OR, 1,06, 95% CI, 1,02-1,09, p=0,002), female sex (OR, 0,6, 95% CI, 0,4-0,9, p=0,02), smoking (OR, 1,38, 95% CI, 1-1,91, p=0,047). The administration of statins in different dosages, as well as antihypertensive and anti-ischemic agents, did not have a significant effect on the RAO rate.Conclusion. The main predictors of RAO were type 2 diabetes, an increase in hemostasis duration, female sex, smoking, and the artery-to-introducer diameter ratio. Taking statins, anti-ischemic and antihypertensive agents does not have a protective effect on RAO rate

ОЦЕНКА СЕРДЕЧНО-ЛОДЫЖЕЧНОГО СОСУДИСТОГО ИНДЕКСА У БОЛЬНЫХ С ИБС С РАЗЛИЧНЫМ ТИПОМ ДИАСТОЛИЧЕСКОЙ ДИСФУНКЦИИ ЛЕВОГО ЖЕЛУДОЧКА

Purpose. To assess the value of cardio-ankle vascular index in patients with coronary artery disease with different types of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD ).Materials and methods. The study included 223 patients with CHD within the register prior to bypass surgery, the groups were identified with different types LVDD and its absence. Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was evaluated on the unit VaSera-1000.Results. LVDD detected in 78 % of patients, when comparing groups differences in the values of CAVI is not revealed. Independent predictors of the LVDD presence in CHD patients were increasing age and the presence of multivessel coronary artery disease.Цель. Оценить значения сердечно-лодыжечного сосудистого индекса у больных с ишемической болезнью сердца с различными типами диастолической дисфункции левого желудочка.Материалы и методы. Обследованы 223 пациента, находящихся на обследовании перед операцией коронарного шунтирования. Проведены лабораторные и инструментальные исследования, включая исследование на аппарате VaSera-1000.Результаты. При сопоставлении групп по результатам обследования пациентов на аппарате VaSera различий не выявлено. Независимыми предикторами выявления ДД ЛЖ у больных с ишемической болезнью сердца были увеличение возраста и наличие многососудистого поражения коронарных артерий