188 research outputs found

    Metabolic Correction of Primary Hemostasis in the Acute Phase of Traumatic Brain Injury

    Get PDF
    The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine on the ultrastructural alterations in endothelial cells of liver sinusoidal capillaries (SC) and primary hemostasis in the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI).Materials and methods. Ultrastructural endothelial cell changes were studied in 36 female outbred rats in the acute phase of TBI using electron microscopy, and the platelet count was determined using a blood analyzer. The experimental group (n=18) animals received intraperitoneal injections of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine at the dose of 8.0 mg/kg per day for 12 days, and the control group (n=18) rats were administered with normal saline solution at the same dose.Results. Administration of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine in the early post TBI period reduced microvilli damage in endothelial, hepatic and stellate cells in the Disse space, whereas in the control group a significant decrease of these cells counts was detected. In contrast to the control group, the experimental group animals did not demonstrate thrombocytopenia on the days 1, 3, and 7 after injury. There was a significant increase in the platelet count compared with the baseline values, which was highest on day 12 after injury.Conclusion. Intraperitoneal administration of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine in rats in early post TBI period inhibited the TBI-associated damaging effect of secondary factors on liver sinusoid endothelial cells and platelet consumption

    ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ коррСкция сосудисто-Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π²Π΅Π½Π° систСмы гСмостаза Π² остром ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΌΡ‹ Ρƒ крыс

    Get PDF
    The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine on the ultrastructural alterations in endothelial cells of liver sinusoidal capillaries (SC) and primary hemostasis in the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI).Materials and methods. Ultrastructural endothelial cell changes were studied in 36 female outbred rats in the acute phase of TBI using electron microscopy, and the platelet count was determined using a blood analyzer. The experimental group (n=18) animals received intraperitoneal injections of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine at the dose of 8.0 mg/kg per day for 12 days, and the control group (n=18) rats were administered with normal saline solution at the same dose.Results. Administration of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine in the early post TBI period reduced microvilli damage in endothelial, hepatic and stellate cells in the Disse space, whereas in the control group a significant decrease of these cells counts was detected. In contrast to the control group, the experimental group animals did not demonstrate thrombocytopenia on the days 1, 3, and 7 after injury. There was a significant increase in the platelet count compared with the baseline values, which was highest on day 12 after injury.Conclusion. Intraperitoneal administration of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine in rats in early post TBI period inhibited the TBI-associated damaging effect of secondary factors on liver sinusoid endothelial cells and platelet consumption.ЦСль исслСдования β€” ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ влияниС этилмСтилгидроксипиридина Π½Π° ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ измСнСния эндотСлиоцитов синусоидных капилляров (БК) ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ сосудисто-Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎ систСмы гСмостаза Π² остром ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΌΡ‹ (ЧМВ).ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π’ посттравматичСском ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ (ПВП) ЧМВ Π½Π° 36 Π°ΡƒΡ‚Π±Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… крысах-самках исслСдовали Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡƒ измСнСния ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ эндотСлиоцитов БК ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ элСктронной микроскопии ΠΈ опрСдСляли количСство Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π΅. Π’ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 12 сут. Π² ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ (n=18) ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΡŽΡˆΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ этилмСтилгидроксипиридин Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 8,0 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ массы Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π° Π² сутки, Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ (n=18) β€” физиологичСский раствор натрия Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π° Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅ объСмС.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ этилмСтилгидроксипиридина Π² ПВП ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ микроворсинок эндотСлиоцитов, Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ… рСтикулоэндотСлиоцитов Π² пространствС ДиссС, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π² этот ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ. Π’ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹, Ρƒ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ Π½Π΅ выявили Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π² 1-, 3- ΠΈ 7-Π΅ сутки послС Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΌΡ‹, ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ статистичСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ числа Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ исходных Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ³ΡˆΠ΅Π΅ наибольшСй Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΊ 12-ΠΌ суткам послС Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΌΡ‹.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π’Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΡŽΡˆΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ этилмСтилгидроксипиридина крысам Π² Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ ПВП сдСрТивало ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ дСйствиС Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ послС ЧМВ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° эндотСлиоциты синусоидов ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ²

    Study of the joint action of coenzyme Q10 and royal jelly on the hematological and spirometric indicators in the elite athletes

    Get PDF
    Objective: to study the effects of royal jelly and coenzyme Q10 administered with food on the number of hematological and spirometric indicators in elite swimmers in precompetitive period. Materials and methods: 16 highly qualified athletes at the age of 19,8Β±0,6 years participated in the study. Content of erythrocytes and different white blood cells and level of hemoglobin in the blood of the athletes were measured using hematology analyzer Β«Abacus Junior 30Β». The measurement of respiratory volume, respiratory minute volume, respiratory frequency, Ρ€O2 and Ρ€CO2 in expired air, alveolar Ρ€O2 and Ρ€CO2 in the subjects was made using anesthesia breathing apparatus Β«Capnomac UltimaΒ». Results: the administration of the above mix by the athletes stimulates the immune system and the oxygen-transporting function of blood, activates the functional state of pulmonary tissue, increases the oxygen consumption and improves physical performance. Conclusions: the effect of preventive therapy on the analyzed parameters in highly qualified swimmers determine the feasibility of the competent intake of composition Β«royal jelly-ubiquinone-10-honeyΒ» before and during major competitions when the requirements are high

    On assessment of potential WTG generation

    Full text link
    In the process of wind turbine generators (WTG), wind power plants (WPP) or wind-diesel complexes (WDC) operation, theoperational planning of WTG for the day ahead is important. The paper presents recommendations developed by the authors for the operational planning of WTGs, as a result of comparison of the actual production of WPP by the example of the WDC in Ust-Kamchatsk, consisting of 3 WTG Komai KWT300 with the output calculated on different models.Π’ процСссС эксплуатации вСтроэлСктричСских установок (Π’Π­Π£), вСтроэлСктричСских станций (Π’Π­Π‘) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ·Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… комплСксов (Π’Π”Πš) Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π’Π­Π£ Π½Π° сутки Π²ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄. Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ для планирования Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π’Π­Π£, выявлСнныС Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ сопоставлСния фактичСской Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π’Π­Π‘ Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ Π’Π­Π‘ Π² ΠΏ. Π£ΡΡ‚ΡŒ-ΠšΠ°ΠΌΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡΠΊ, состоящСй ΠΈΠ· 3-Ρ… Π’Π­Π£ Komai KWT300 с Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΎΠΉ, рассчитанной ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ модСлям

    Tumor-specific expression of Ξ±vΞ²3 integrin promotes spontaneous metastasis of breast cancer to bone

    Get PDF
    INTRODUCTION: Studies in xenograft models and experimental models of metastasis have implicated several Ξ²3 integrin-expressing cell populations, including endothelium, platelets and osteoclasts, in breast tumor progression. Since orthotopic human xenograft models of breast cancer are poorly metastatic to bone and experimental models bypass the formation of a primary tumor, however, the precise contribution of tumor-specific Ξ±vΞ²3 to the spontaneous metastasis of breast tumors from the mammary gland to bone remains unclear. METHODS: We used a syngeneic orthotopic model of spontaneous breast cancer metastasis to test whether exogenous expression of Ξ±vΞ²3 in a mammary carcinoma line (66cl4) that metastasizes to the lung, but not to bone, was sufficient to promote its spontaneous metastasis to bone from the mammary gland. The tumor burden in the spine and the lung following inoculation of Ξ±vΞ²3-expressing 66cl4 (66cl4beta3) tumor cells or control 66cl4pBabe into the mammary gland was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. The ability of these cells to grow and form osteolytic lesions in bone was determined by histology and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining of bone sections following intratibial injection of tumor cells. The adhesive, migratory and invasive properties of 66cl4pBabe and 66cl4beta3 cells were evaluated in standard in vitro assays. RESULTS: The 66cl4beta3 tumors showed a 20-fold increase in metastatic burden in the spine compared with 66cl4pBabe. A similar trend in lung metastasis was observed. Ξ±vΞ²3 did not increase the proliferation of 66cl4 cells in vitro or in the mammary gland in vivo. Similarly, Ξ±vΞ²3 is not required for the proliferation of 66cl4 cells in bone as both 66cl4pBabe and 66cl4beta3 proliferated to the same extent when injected directly into the tibia. 66cl4beta3 tumor growth in the tibia, however, increased osteoclast recruitment and bone resorption compared with 66cl4 tumors. Moreover, Ξ±vΞ²3 increased 66cl4 tumor cell adhesion and Ξ±vΞ²3-dependent haptotactic migration towards bone matrix proteins, as well as their chemotactic response to bone-derived soluble factors in vitro. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate for the first time that tumor-specific Ξ±vΞ²3 contributes to spontaneous metastasis of breast tumors to bone and suggest a critical role for this receptor in mediating chemotactic and haptotactic migration towards bone factors

    Π ΠžΠ›Π¬ Π’Π’ΠžΠ Π˜Π§ΠΠ«Π₯ Π€ΠΠšΠ’ΠžΠ ΠžΠ’ ΠŸΠžΠ’Π Π•Π–Π”Π•ΠΠ˜Π― ΠœΠžΠ—Π“Π Π’ ΠΠšΠ’Π˜Π’ΠΠ¦Π˜Π˜ Π‘ΠžΠ‘Π£Π”Π˜Π‘Π’ΠžΠ’Π ΠžΠœΠ‘ΠžΠ¦Π˜Π’ΠΠ ΠΠžΠ“Πž Π“Π•ΠœΠžΠ‘Π’ΠΠ—Π ПРИ Π§Π•Π Π•ΠŸΠΠžΠœΠžΠ—Π“ΠžΠ’ΠžΠ™ Π’Π ΠΠ’ΠœΠ•

    Get PDF
    Purpose of the study. To evaluate the role of secondary brain damage factors in activation of vascularplateletΒ hemostasis in traumatic brain injury (TBI).Material and methods. In the ICU, 30 patients with complex traumatic brain injury were examined and treated. In the posttraumatic period, in patient measurement of heart and vascular tone, platelets, hemoglobin, lactate,Β and active forms of oxygen in the blood were investigated.The study results have showed that damaged brain secondary factors accompanying concomitant TBI (circulatory insufficiency, hypoxia, acidosis and increased free radical formation) represent at the same time nonspecificstimuli for platelets and cells of blood vessels that consequently, cause systemic activation of the vascularplateletΒ link within the hemostasis system.Conclusion. Nonspecific systemic activation of the vascularplatelet hemostasis by secondary factors in theΒ patients with concomitant TBI is one of pathogenetic components of ischemic brain damage.ЦСль исслСдования. ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² поврСТдСния ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° Π² Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ сосудисто-Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π²Π΅Π½Π° систСмы гСмостаза ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π²ΠΌΠ΅ (ЧМВ).ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π’ ОРиВ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ обслСдованиС ΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 30 ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ… с сочСтанной ЧМВ. В посттравматичСском ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдовали ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ сСрдСчной Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΈ сосудистого тонуса, содСрТаниС Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ², Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π»Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ кислорода Π² ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ЧМВ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ поврСТдСния ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° (Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ кровообращСния, гипоксия, Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ· ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ свободных Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ²) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ врСмя нСспСцифичСскими стимулами Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ эндотСлиоцитов кровСносных сосудов ΠΈ, вслСдствиС этого, Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΡΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ сосудистотромбоцитарного звСна систСмы гСмостаза.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. НСспСцифичСская систСмная активация сосудистотромбоцитарного гСмостаза Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ сочСтанной ЧМВ являСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· патогСнСтичСских ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поврСТдСния ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°

    Π‘Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ состав ΠΈ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½ эритроцитов ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ трансплантации ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ

    Get PDF
    Organ transplantation is an effective treatment for many end-stage diseases. However, reperfusion injury constitutes a major complication of transplantation, which is associated with microcirculatory disorders and aggregation of blood corpuscles. Red blood cells (RBC) play an essential role in maintaining hemodynamic and rheological properties of the blood. Moreover, the study of mechanisms of changes in RBC functional indices is an urgent task. The main indicator of RBC functioning is the stability of RBC membrane structure. The issue of RBC membrane modification in organ transplantation has not been studied so far. Objective: to study the protein composition of RBC membranes, their aggregation and electrokinetic parameters in liver and kidney recipients, as well as in related kidney and liver fragment donors before and after operation. Research materials. Blood of 12 kidney recipients and 5 related kidney donors, 8 liver recipients and 4 related liver fragment donors – 1–2 hours before surgery, 1 week, 1, 2, 7, 10, 12 months after surgery. The control group consisted of 8 healthy volunteers. Research methods. Protein separation was done by Laemmli electrophoresis. RBC electrophoretic mobility, which characterizes the electrokinetic properties of cells, was measured by microelectrophoresis. Aggregation was calculated microscopically by counting unaggregated RBCs. Obtained values were compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Results. Examination of the RBC membrane of kidney recipients revealed a significant decrease in the amount of Band 3 protein and glycophorin before and after transplantation. Band 3 protein levels reduced at 1 month, glycophorin reduced at 7 months after surgery, with a maximum decrease in these protein fractions by more than 50% by 7 days compared with control values. There was also a decrease in spectrin content for 2 months after surgery with a maximum decrease of 30% by 1 month. In liver recipients, analysis of RBC membrane proteins revealed a decrease in the amount of glycophorin before surgery and further decrease at 2 months of post-transplant period. The maximum decrease in this index was 72% by 7 days after surgery. In addition, there was a fall in spectrin and Band 3 protein levels at 1 month by more than 60% relative to the control values. In donors, there were changes in the protein fraction of RBC membranes in the long-term post-operative period: spectrin and Band 3 protein levels reduced by 2 times at month 2 in kidney donors, while glycophorin levels reduced by 2.3 times at month 1 after operation in liver donors. Similarly, both groups of donors had increased actin levels at month 1 after surgery. The revealed changes in protein levels in the protein phase of RBC membranes were combined with functional indices of RBCs. In kidney recipients, decreased RBC electrophoretic mobility and increased aggregation were detected at 2 months. In liver recipients, the changes in these indicators were at 1 month. A decrease in RBC electrophoretic mobility was detected in donors of both groups. Conclusion. Changes in RBC membrane electronegativity are associated with changes in glycophorin and Band 3 protein levels, whereas in RBC aggregation process in liver/kidney recipients, the structural and functional disorders in the interrelationships of such membrane proteins as spectrin, Band 3 protein, and glycophorin, are significant factors. Alteration of actin determines inhibition of RBC aggregation growth in donors.Врансплантация ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² являСтся эффСктивным ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ лСчСния ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ стадиями ряда тяТСлых Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Однако ΡΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ослоТнСниСм ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ трансплантации ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ„ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ поврСТдСния, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ связаны с микроциркуляторными Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… элСмСнтов ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ. Π­Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ гСмодинамичСских ΠΈ рСологичСских свойств ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² измСнСния ΠΈΡ… Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ являСтся Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΉ. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ функционирования эритроцита слуТит ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ структуры ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‹. Вопрос ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ эритроцитарной ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ трансплантации ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° сСгодняшний дСнь Π½Π΅ исслСдован.ЦСль: ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ состава ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½ эритроцитов, ΠΈΡ… Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ элСктрокинСтичСских ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρƒ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ родствСнных Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ послСопСрационного ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°.ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ исслСдования. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒ 12 Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ, 5 родствСнных Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ, 8 Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ 4 родствСнных Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ – Π·Π° 1–2 часа Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· 1 нСдСлю, 1, 2, 7, 10, 12 мСсяцСв послС ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π“Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡƒ контроля составили 8 Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡ†Π΅Π².ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ исслСдования. Π Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ элСктрофорСза ΠΏΠΎ Лэммли. Π­Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ эритроцитов, Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ элСктрокинСтичСскиС свойства ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ, измСряли ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ микроэлСктрофорСза. ΠΠ³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ рассчитывали микроскопичСски, ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ подсчСта Π½Π΅Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… эритроцитов. Π‘Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ U-ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡŽ ΠœΠ°Π½Π½Π°β€“Π£ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. ИсслСдованиС ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‹ эритроцитов ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ выявило Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ сниТСниС количСства Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° полосы 3 ΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈ послС провСдСния трансплантации. Π£Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° полосы 3 Π±Ρ‹Π» сниТСн Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 1 мСсяца, Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π° – Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 7 мСсяцСв послС ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ с ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π° 50% ΠΊ 7-ΠΌ суткам ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ контроля. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ сниТСниС содСрТания спСктрина Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 2 мСсяцСв послС ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ с ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ сниТСниСм Π½Π° 30% ΠΊ 1 мСсяцу. Π£ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‹ эритроцитов выявил сниТСниС количСства Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ дальнСйшСС Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 2 мСсяцСв посттрасплантационного ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°. МаксимальноС сниТСниС показатСля – Π½Π° 72% – Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊ 7-ΠΌ суткам послС ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, наблюдалось сниТСниС количСства спСктрина ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° полосы 3 Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 1 мСсяца Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π° 60% ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ контроля. Π£ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² измСнСния Π² Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ эритроцитарных ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ послС ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ: Ρƒ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ сниТСниС Π² 2 Ρ€Π°Π·Π° количСства спСктрина ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° полосы 3 ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ Π½Π° 2-ΠΉ мСсяц, Ρƒ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ сниТСниС Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² 2,3 Ρ€Π°Π·Π° – ΠΊ 1-ΠΌΡƒ мСсяцу послС ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ… Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² рСгистрировался рост ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΊ 1-ΠΌΡƒ мСсяцу послС ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. ВыявлСнныС измСнСния количСства Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·Π΅ эритроцитарных ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½ ΡΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ с Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ показатСлями эритроцитов. Π£ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ сниТСниС ЭЀПЭ ΠΈ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ наблюдалось Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 2 мСсяцСв, Ρƒ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ измСнСния Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ зафиксированы Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 1 мСсяца. Π£ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ… Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ выявлСно ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ЭЀПЭ.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½ эритроцитов сопряТСно с ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ содСрТания Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° полосы 3, Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² процСссС Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ эритроцитов Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² послС трансплантации ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ/ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ структурно-Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ взаимосвязСй Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ спСктрин, Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ полосы 3, Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½. ИзмСнСниС Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π° опрСдСляСт сдСрТиваниС роста Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ эритроцитов Ρƒ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²
    • …
    corecore