188 research outputs found
Metabolic Correction of Primary Hemostasis in the Acute Phase of Traumatic Brain Injury
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine on the ultrastructural alterations in endothelial cells of liver sinusoidal capillaries (SC) and primary hemostasis in the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI).Materials and methods. Ultrastructural endothelial cell changes were studied in 36 female outbred rats in the acute phase of TBI using electron microscopy, and the platelet count was determined using a blood analyzer. The experimental group (n=18) animals received intraperitoneal injections of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine at the dose of 8.0 mg/kg per day for 12 days, and the control group (n=18) rats were administered with normal saline solution at the same dose.Results. Administration of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine in the early post TBI period reduced microvilli damage in endothelial, hepatic and stellate cells in the Disse space, whereas in the control group a significant decrease of these cells counts was detected. In contrast to the control group, the experimental group animals did not demonstrate thrombocytopenia on the days 1, 3, and 7 after injury. There was a significant increase in the platelet count compared with the baseline values, which was highest on day 12 after injury.Conclusion. Intraperitoneal administration of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine in rats in early post TBI period inhibited the TBI-associated damaging effect of secondary factors on liver sinusoid endothelial cells and platelet consumption
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎ-ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π²Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·Π° Π² ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡ
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine on the ultrastructural alterations in endothelial cells of liver sinusoidal capillaries (SC) and primary hemostasis in the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI).Materials and methods. Ultrastructural endothelial cell changes were studied in 36 female outbred rats in the acute phase of TBI using electron microscopy, and the platelet count was determined using a blood analyzer. The experimental group (n=18) animals received intraperitoneal injections of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine at the dose of 8.0 mg/kg per day for 12 days, and the control group (n=18) rats were administered with normal saline solution at the same dose.Results. Administration of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine in the early post TBI period reduced microvilli damage in endothelial, hepatic and stellate cells in the Disse space, whereas in the control group a significant decrease of these cells counts was detected. In contrast to the control group, the experimental group animals did not demonstrate thrombocytopenia on the days 1, 3, and 7 after injury. There was a significant increase in the platelet count compared with the baseline values, which was highest on day 12 after injury.Conclusion. Intraperitoneal administration of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine in rats in early post TBI period inhibited the TBI-associated damaging effect of secondary factors on liver sinusoid endothelial cells and platelet consumption.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ² (Π‘Π) ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎ-ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·Π° Π² ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ (Π§ΠΠ’).ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ (ΠΠ’Π) Π§ΠΠ’ Π½Π° 36 Π°ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
-ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π‘Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ΅. Π ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 12 ΡΡΡ. Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ (n=18) ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 8,0 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° Π² ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ, Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ (n=18) β ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΠ’Π ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ², Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΠΈΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ. Π ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ, Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² 1-, 3- ΠΈ 7-Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ, ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΅Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΊ 12-ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΠ’Π ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π§ΠΠ’ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²
Study of the joint action of coenzyme Q10 and royal jelly on the hematological and spirometric indicators in the elite athletes
Objective: to study the effects of royal jelly and coenzyme Q10 administered with food on the number of hematological and spirometric indicators in elite swimmers in precompetitive period. Materials and methods: 16 highly qualified athletes at the age of 19,8Β±0,6 years participated in the study. Content of erythrocytes and different white blood cells and level of hemoglobin in the blood of the athletes were measured using hematology analyzer Β«Abacus Junior 30Β». The measurement of respiratory volume, respiratory minute volume, respiratory frequency, ΡO2 and ΡCO2 in expired air, alveolar ΡO2 and ΡCO2 in the subjects was made using anesthesia breathing apparatus Β«Capnomac UltimaΒ». Results: the administration of the above mix by the athletes stimulates the immune system and the oxygen-transporting function of blood, activates the functional state of pulmonary tissue, increases the oxygen consumption and improves physical performance. Conclusions: the effect of preventive therapy on the analyzed parameters in highly qualified swimmers determine the feasibility of the competent intake of composition Β«royal jelly-ubiquinone-10-honeyΒ» before and during major competitions when the requirements are high
On assessment of potential WTG generation
In the process of wind turbine generators (WTG), wind power plants (WPP) or wind-diesel complexes (WDC) operation, theoperational planning of WTG for the day ahead is important. The paper presents recommendations developed by the authors for the operational planning of WTGs, as a result of comparison of the actual production of WPP by the example of the WDC in Ust-Kamchatsk, consisting of 3 WTG Komai KWT300 with the output calculated on different models.Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ (ΠΠΠ£), Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ (ΠΠΠ‘) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ·Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΠΠ) Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΠΠ£ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΠΠ£, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΠ‘ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΠΠ‘ Π² ΠΏ. Π£ΡΡΡ-ΠΠ°ΠΌΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· 3-Ρ
ΠΠΠ£ Komai KWT300 Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠΌ
Pleiotropic functions of the tumor- and metastasis-suppressing Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 in mammary cancer in MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice
Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8; neutrophil collagenase) is an important regulator of innate immunity which has onco-suppressive actions in numerous tumor types
Tumor-specific expression of Ξ±vΞ²3 integrin promotes spontaneous metastasis of breast cancer to bone
INTRODUCTION: Studies in xenograft models and experimental models of metastasis have implicated several Ξ²3 integrin-expressing cell populations, including endothelium, platelets and osteoclasts, in breast tumor progression. Since orthotopic human xenograft models of breast cancer are poorly metastatic to bone and experimental models bypass the formation of a primary tumor, however, the precise contribution of tumor-specific Ξ±vΞ²3 to the spontaneous metastasis of breast tumors from the mammary gland to bone remains unclear. METHODS: We used a syngeneic orthotopic model of spontaneous breast cancer metastasis to test whether exogenous expression of Ξ±vΞ²3 in a mammary carcinoma line (66cl4) that metastasizes to the lung, but not to bone, was sufficient to promote its spontaneous metastasis to bone from the mammary gland. The tumor burden in the spine and the lung following inoculation of Ξ±vΞ²3-expressing 66cl4 (66cl4beta3) tumor cells or control 66cl4pBabe into the mammary gland was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. The ability of these cells to grow and form osteolytic lesions in bone was determined by histology and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining of bone sections following intratibial injection of tumor cells. The adhesive, migratory and invasive properties of 66cl4pBabe and 66cl4beta3 cells were evaluated in standard in vitro assays. RESULTS: The 66cl4beta3 tumors showed a 20-fold increase in metastatic burden in the spine compared with 66cl4pBabe. A similar trend in lung metastasis was observed. Ξ±vΞ²3 did not increase the proliferation of 66cl4 cells in vitro or in the mammary gland in vivo. Similarly, Ξ±vΞ²3 is not required for the proliferation of 66cl4 cells in bone as both 66cl4pBabe and 66cl4beta3 proliferated to the same extent when injected directly into the tibia. 66cl4beta3 tumor growth in the tibia, however, increased osteoclast recruitment and bone resorption compared with 66cl4 tumors. Moreover, Ξ±vΞ²3 increased 66cl4 tumor cell adhesion and Ξ±vΞ²3-dependent haptotactic migration towards bone matrix proteins, as well as their chemotactic response to bone-derived soluble factors in vitro. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate for the first time that tumor-specific Ξ±vΞ²3 contributes to spontaneous metastasis of breast tumors to bone and suggest a critical role for this receptor in mediating chemotactic and haptotactic migration towards bone factors
Π ΠΠΠ¬ ΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠ§ΠΠ«Π₯ Π€ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ Π‘ΠΠ‘Π£ΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π Π§ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π’Π ΠΠΠΠ
Purpose of the study. To evaluate the role of secondary brain damage factors in activation of vascularplateletΒ hemostasis in traumatic brain injury (TBI).Material and methods. In the ICU, 30 patients with complex traumatic brain injury were examined and treated. In the posttraumatic period, in patient measurement of heart and vascular tone, platelets, hemoglobin, lactate,Β and active forms of oxygen in the blood were investigated.The study results have showed that damaged brain secondary factors accompanying concomitant TBI (circulatory insufficiency, hypoxia, acidosis and increased free radical formation) represent at the same time nonspecificstimuli for platelets and cells of blood vessels that consequently, cause systemic activation of the vascularplateletΒ link within the hemostasis system.Conclusion. Nonspecific systemic activation of the vascularplatelet hemostasis by secondary factors in theΒ patients with concomitant TBI is one of pathogenetic components of ischemic brain damage.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° Π² Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎ-ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π²Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ΅ (Π§ΠΠ’).ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΠ ΠΈΠ’ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 30 ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π§ΠΠ’. ΠΒ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ², Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π§ΠΠ’ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° (Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ, Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ· ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ²) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π²Π΅Π½Π°Β ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·Π°.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ°Π·Π° Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π§ΠΠ’ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°
ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ
Organ transplantation is an effective treatment for many end-stage diseases. However, reperfusion injury constitutes a major complication of transplantation, which is associated with microcirculatory disorders and aggregation of blood corpuscles. Red blood cells (RBC) play an essential role in maintaining hemodynamic and rheological properties of the blood. Moreover, the study of mechanisms of changes in RBC functional indices is an urgent task. The main indicator of RBC functioning is the stability of RBC membrane structure. The issue of RBC membrane modification in organ transplantation has not been studied so far. Objective: to study the protein composition of RBC membranes, their aggregation and electrokinetic parameters in liver and kidney recipients, as well as in related kidney and liver fragment donors before and after operation. Research materials. Blood of 12 kidney recipients and 5 related kidney donors, 8 liver recipients and 4 related liver fragment donors β 1β2 hours before surgery, 1 week, 1, 2, 7, 10, 12 months after surgery. The control group consisted of 8 healthy volunteers. Research methods. Protein separation was done by Laemmli electrophoresis. RBC electrophoretic mobility, which characterizes the electrokinetic properties of cells, was measured by microelectrophoresis. Aggregation was calculated microscopically by counting unaggregated RBCs. Obtained values were compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Results. Examination of the RBC membrane of kidney recipients revealed a significant decrease in the amount of Band 3 protein and glycophorin before and after transplantation. Band 3 protein levels reduced at 1 month, glycophorin reduced at 7 months after surgery, with a maximum decrease in these protein fractions by more than 50% by 7 days compared with control values. There was also a decrease in spectrin content for 2 months after surgery with a maximum decrease of 30% by 1 month. In liver recipients, analysis of RBC membrane proteins revealed a decrease in the amount of glycophorin before surgery and further decrease at 2 months of post-transplant period. The maximum decrease in this index was 72% by 7 days after surgery. In addition, there was a fall in spectrin and Band 3 protein levels at 1 month by more than 60% relative to the control values. In donors, there were changes in the protein fraction of RBC membranes in the long-term post-operative period: spectrin and Band 3 protein levels reduced by 2 times at month 2 in kidney donors, while glycophorin levels reduced by 2.3 times at month 1 after operation in liver donors. Similarly, both groups of donors had increased actin levels at month 1 after surgery. The revealed changes in protein levels in the protein phase of RBC membranes were combined with functional indices of RBCs. In kidney recipients, decreased RBC electrophoretic mobility and increased aggregation were detected at 2 months. In liver recipients, the changes in these indicators were at 1 month. A decrease in RBC electrophoretic mobility was detected in donors of both groups. Conclusion. Changes in RBC membrane electronegativity are associated with changes in glycophorin and Band 3 protein levels, whereas in RBC aggregation process in liver/kidney recipients, the structural and functional disorders in the interrelationships of such membrane proteins as spectrin, Band 3 protein, and glycophorin, are significant factors. Alteration of actin determines inhibition of RBC aggregation growth in donors.Π’ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡ
Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Ρ 12 ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, 5 ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, 8 ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ 4 ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ β Π·Π° 1β2 ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 1 Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ, 1, 2, 7, 10, 12 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 8 Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π².ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΡΠΌΠΌΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ², Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π°. ΠΠ³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π΅Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ U-ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°βΠ£ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ 3 ΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ 3 Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 1 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°, Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π° β Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 7 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° 50% ΠΊ 7-ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 2 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° 30% ΠΊ 1 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ. Π£ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ» ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 2 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ β Π½Π° 72% β Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊ 7-ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ 3 Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 1 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° 60% ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ. Π£ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ: Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² 2 ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ 3 ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° 2-ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² 2,3 ΡΠ°Π·Π° β ΠΊ 1-ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΊ 1-ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ². Π£ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ€ΠΠ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 2 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π², Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 1 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°. Π£ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ€ΠΠ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ 3, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ/ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ½, Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ 3, Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²
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