S\mathcal{S}-Matrix of Nonlocal Scalar Quantum Field Theory in the Representation of Basis Functions

Nonlocal quantum theory of one-component scalar field in $D$-dimensional Euclidean spacetime is studied in representations of $\mathcal{S}$-matrix theory for both polynomial and nonpolynomial interaction Lagrangians. The theory is formulated on coupling constant $g$ in the form of an infrared smooth function of argument $x$ for space without boundary. Nonlocality is given by evolution of Gaussian propagator for the local free theory with ultraviolet form factors depending on ultraviolet length parameter $l$. By representation of the $\mathcal{S}$-matrix in terms of abstract functional integral over primary scalar field, the $\mathcal{S}$ form of a grand canonical partition function is found. And, by expression of $\mathcal{S}$-matrix in terms of the partition function, the representation for $\mathcal{S}$ in terms of basis functions is obtained. Derivations are given for discrete case where basis functions are Hermite functions, and for continuous case where basis functions are trigonometric functions. The obtained expressions for the $\mathcal{S}$-matrix are investigated within the framework of variational principle based on Jensen inequality. Equations with separable kernels satisfied by variational function $q$ are found and solved, yielding results for both the polynomial theory $\varphi^{4}$ and the nonpolynomial sine-Gordon theory. A new definition of the $\mathcal{S}$-matrix is proposed to solve additional divergences which arise in application of Jensen inequality for the continuous case. Analytical results are illustrated numerically. For simplicity of numerical calculation: the $D=1$ case is considered, and propagator for the free theory $G$ is in the form of Gaussian function typically in the Virton-Quark model. The formulation for nonlocal QFT in momentum $k$ space of extra dimensions with subsequent compactification into physical spacetime is discussed.Comment: 38 pages, 18 figures; v2: significant text editing; v3: text and plots edited, references and acknowledgments added; prepared for the special issue of the journal Particles in memory of G.V. Efimo

Analysis of Collectivism and Egoism Phenomena within the Context of Social Welfare

Comparative benefits provided by the basic social strategies including collectivism and egoism are investigated within the framework of democratic decision-making. In particular, we study the mechanism of growing "snowball" of cooperation.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures. Translated from Russian. Original Russian Text published in Problemy Upravleniya, 2008, No. 4, pp. 30-3

Morphology and Optical Investigations of InAs-QD/GaAs Heterostructures Obtained by Ion-Beam Sputtering

A new ion-beam sputtering technique for obtaining self-assembled InAs quantum dots on GaAs (001) substrates is proposed. The current paper demonstrates that a temperature increase in a range from 450 to 550°C at ion current of 120 μA and energy of 150 eV leads to an expansion of average sizes of InAs hut-quantum dots. According to atomic force and electron microscopy, photoluminescence, and capacity-voltage measurements it was found that an increase of ion-beam current from 60 to 120 μA at a temperature of 500°C and energy of 150 eV slightly enlarges the average sizes of quantum dots from 15 nm to 18 nm while their dispersion is about 30%. At a current of 180 μA a surface density is 1.3·1011 cm−2, but under these conditions there is a very high dispersion of quantum dots up to 50%

ОСОБЕННОСТИ КОМПЛЕКСООБРАЗОВАНИЯ КСИЛЕНОЛОВОГО ОРАНЖЕВОГО С Bi(III) И ЕГО СПЕКТРОФОТОМЕТРИЧЕСКОЕ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ В ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕПАРАТАХ

The complexation features of Bi(III) with xylenol orange (XO) have been studied. It was found that three complexes of different stoichiometry have been formed in the studied system. The complex composition of Bi(III) : XO = 1 : 1 (λ = 540 nm, ε = 17000, log β = 10.5) has been formed at pH = 1.0 in reagent excess, and its dimerization with the formation of the complex stoichiometry 2 : 2 (λ = 560 nm, ε = 24000, log β = 17.8) has been observed in excess of Bi (III). The complex composition of Bi(III) : XO = 1 : 2 has been formed with weak light absorbing properties (λ = 500 nm, ε = 9000, log β = 9.9) at pH = 6.8. The complexation mechanism of Bi(III) with XO has been proposed based on the totality of the spectrophotometric data and its theoretical interpretations. In the acidic environment (pH = 1.0) the coordinating ion is Bi3+ and coordinated ligand is an ionized by sulfo-groups reagent form. At pH = 6.8, the ion chelator is BiOH2+, and XO reacts in ionized by sulfo and carboxyl groups form. The effect of extraneous ions on the absorbance value of the complex Bi (III) with a XO at pH = 1.0 was studied. The complex with molar ratio 1 : 1 is recommended as an analytical form. Beer’s law holds in the Bi(III) concentrations range 0.4-10.0 μg/cm3. The detection limit is 0.12 μg/cm3 and the limit of quantification is 0.37 μg/cm3. The simple method of spectrophotometric determination of Bi(III) with xylenol orange in pharmaceuticals has been developed.Keywords: spectrophotometric analysis, complexation, xylenol orange, bismuth (III), pharmaceuticals(Russian)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2016.20.3.007 A.N. Chebotarev, D.V. Snigur, V.P. Dubovyiy  Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University ul. Dvorianskaya, 2, Odessa, Ukraine, 65082Изучены особенности комплексообразования Ві(ІІІ) с ксиленоловым оранжевым (КО) и установлено, что в исследуемой химической системе образуется три комплекса разной стехиометрии. При рН = 1.0 в избытке реагента образуется комплекс состава Ві(ІІІ) : КО = 1 : 1 (λ = 540 нм, ε = 17000, log β = 10.5), а в избытке Ві(ІІІ) наблюдается его димеризация с образованием комплекса состава 2 : 2 (λ = 560 нм, ε = 24000, log β = 17.8). При рН = 6.8 образуется комплекс состава 1 : 2 со слабыми светопоглощающими свойствами (λ = 500 нм, ε = 9000, log β = 9.9). На основании совокупности спектрофотометрических данных и их теоретической интерпретации предложен химизм комплексообразования Ві(ІІІ) с КО. В кислой среде (рН = 1.0) координирующим ионом является Bi3+, а координированным лигандом – ионизированная по сульфо-группе форма реагента. При рН = 6.8 комплексообразователем выступает ион BiОН2+, а КО вступает в реакцию в ионизированной по сульфо- и карбоксильным группам форме. Изучено влияние посторонних ионов на величину оптической плотности комплекса Ві(ІІІ) с КО при рН = 1.0. В качестве аналитической формы рекомендован комплекс состава 1 : 1, при использовании которого закон Бэра выполняется в диапазоне концентраций Ві(ІІІ) 0.4-10.0 мкг/см3. Нижний предел обнаружения – 0.12 мкг/см3, предел количественного определения – 0.37 мкг/см3. Предложена методика спектрофотометрического определения Ві(ІІІ) в фармацевтических препаратах с ксиленоловым оранжевым, характеризующаяся относительной погрешностью определения не превышающей 3.5 %.Ключевые слова: спектрофотометрический анализ, комплексообразование, ксиленоловый оранжевый, висмут(ІІІ), фармацевтические препараты DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2016.20.3.00

FUNCTIONAL FOOD COMPOSITIONS BASED ON WHEY PROTEIN ISOLATE, FISH OIL AND SOY PHOSPHOLIPIDS

The aim of the research was to study the impact of whey protein isolate on the solubility and oxidative stability of the lipid composition based on soy phosphatidylcholine and fish oil. The relationship between the molecular parameters (density; ζ-potential) of the formed complex particles and their functional properties was found using laser light scattering (static, dynamic, electrophoretic) and spectrophotometry. The studied compositions could be used as the basis for the development of multifunctional food additives with an objective of the enrichment of foods and beverages with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The main advantages of such composition are a high level of protection of the lipids against oxidation and degradation, a high solubility in an aqueous medium and the clean label.The aim of the research was to study the impact of whey protein isolate on the solubility and oxidative stability of the lipid composition based on soy phosphatidylcholine and fish oil. The relationship between the molecular parameters (density; ζ-potential) of the formed complex particles and their functional properties was found using laser light scattering (static, dynamic, electrophoretic) and spectrophotometry. The studied compositions could be used as the basis for the development of multifunctional food additives with an objective of the enrichment of foods and beverages with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The main advantages of such composition are a high level of protection of the lipids against oxidation and degradation, a high solubility in an aqueous medium and the clean label

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy in Cancer Diagnosis: Current Issues and Application Outlook

The review highlights the power and prospects of confocal laser scanning microscopy in cutaneous cancer diagnosis. This non-invasive technology allows optical skin sectioning at a varying depth with no special tissue treatment or staining. This diagnostic method is currently considered the most promising in imaging and assessment of superficial skin neoplasms. It enables a deeper investigation of skin structures at higher beam powers, which, however, implies possible skin damage. Recent technological advances in the field facilitated the development of new, portable, more practical personal confocal laser scanning microscopy devices providing for an efficient and deeper imaging of skin lesions less accessible otherwise. The technology enables a multiple repeated visualisation of the same skin spot at different time intervals for monitoring the neoplasm progression, therapy impact and cancer dynamics in skin. Numerous studies have determined the basic confocal properties of various tumoural lesions and showed a good correlation with dermatoscopy and histology data. This diagnostic technique allows a multiple non-damaging examination of same skin area, as well as the monitoring of tumourigenesis, clinical dynamics and treatment outcome