Determination of effective diffusion coefficient of immobilized Baker's yeast invertase in various concentration of PVA-alginate matrix

Baker's yeast invertase is immobilized in PVA-alginate matrix using an improved method. PVA beads were prepared by adding calcium alginate to improve its stability, mechanical and chemical properties. Boric acid was used as the cross-linking agent and additional chemicals consisting of 10% boric acid and sodium sulphate solution was used as a treatment solution to harden the PVA-alginate beads. The determination of the effective diffusion of PVA-alginate matrix the vital step in optimizing the preparation of immobilized and water-soluble biocatalyst. In this study the two-level full factorial design was used to investigate the effect of PVA and boric acid concentrations and diffusions coefficient. Diffusion coefficient (De) is one of the factors that significantly affect the mass transport within the immobilization matrix. De value varies for each concentration of PVA and boric acid. The result concluded that both factors significantly affect the De. A maximum De value of 5.0141 x 10(-5) cm2s-1 was obtained at boric acid and PVA concentraion of 7w/v and 10.5 w/v respectively

RELATIONSHIP OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERS OF PRINCIPAL, TEACHER MOTIVATION, TEACHER ORGANIZATION COMMITMENTS WITH PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN LABUAN AMAS SELATAN, INDONESIA

The teacher has a very large task and responsibility in the world of education, because the teacher is the spearhead in terms of improving school quality. So that it cannot be denied that teacher performance still needs to be improved. The need for transformational leadership attention is applied, teacher work motivation and organizational commitment that the teacher has. This study aims to determine: (1) a description of the principal's transformational leadership, teacher work motivation, teacher organizational commitment and teacher performance, (2) Analysis of the direct relationship of transformational leadership and teacher work motivation, (3) Analysis of the principal relationship of transformational leadership and teacher organizational commitment, (4) Analysis of the relationship between principals' transformational leadership and teacher performance, (5) Analysis of the direct relationship of work motivation with teacher performance, (6) Analysis of the direct relationship of teacher organizational commitment with teacher performance, (7) Relationship analysis is not directly transformational leadership of principals with teacher performance through teacher work motivation variables, (8) Analysis of indirect relationships of transformational leadership of principals with teacher performance through teacher organizational commitment. This study uses a quantitative approach. The research sample was 178 people. The instruments of data collection are questionnaires that have met the validity and reliability test requirements. Data analysis to test hypotheses using path analysis with multiple regression methods. The results of this study are: (1) Description of the principal's leadership, teacher's work motivation, teacher's organizational commitment is in a high classification, while the teacher's performance is in sufficient classification, (2) there is a direct relationship between transformational leadership and teacher motivation, (3) there is a direct relationship between principals transformational leadership and teacher organizational commitment, (4) there is a direct relationship between principals' transformational leadership and teacher performance, (5) there is a direct relationship between work motivation and teacher performance, (6) there is a direct relationship between teacher organizational commitment and teacher performance (7) there is an indirect relationship of principal transformational leadership with teacher performance through teacher work motivation variables, (8) there is an indirect relationship of principal transformational leadership with teacher performance through teacher organizational commitment.  Article visualizations

Flame propagation and burning rates of methane-air mixtures using schlieren photography

Different methodology have been shown to produce different results for Markstein length and laminar burning velocity of methane-air mixture. This study attempts to determine the aforesaid parameters using the newly developed closed vessel combustion chamber with Schlieren photography. Markstein length and burning rate of methane-air mixture was determined under the initial pressure of 1 atm, temperature range of 298-302K and equivalence ratio range of 0.7-1.3. Experiments were performed in a centrally ignited 29.16L cylindrical constant volume combustion chamber. Ignition energy was set at 25mJ for each experiment. The images of spherically expanding flame were recorded using Schlieren photography technique at a speed of 2000 frame per second. Analysis of the flame area yield flame radii from which the flame speed and stretch rate could be obtained. These parameters would allow the determination of Markstein length and burning rate of the flame. Results show that Markstein length magnitude increases proportionally with equivalence ratio with a magnitude ranging from 0.125cm to 0.245cm. Maximum burning rate occurs at equivalence ratio of 1.1 with a magnitude of 0.366 m/s. Flame of each equivalence ratio also exhibits fluctuation arising from acoustic disturbance. This disturbance becomes more apparent at higher equivalence ratio

Explication of Extrinsic Forearm Muscles On the Classification of Thumb Position Using High-Density Surface Electromyogram

Muscles for hand functions and movements play a major role in basic daily activities such as writing and lifting objects. The main digit of the finger in differentiating the hand gesture is the thumb and its main muscles are intrinsic muscles. However, for transradial amputees, despite the loss of access to the intrinsic muscles, any information from the extrinsic muscles would be paramount and non-negotiable in creating a perfect hand prosthesis. As such, the research is dedicated to studying the relationship between extrinsic muscles located at the human’s forearm to characterize the actual thumb attitudes. A 64-channel HD-sEMG recording device together with a thumb force measuring platform was utilized to collect the required signals from 17 participants at several thumb angle positions namely zero-degrees, thirty-degree, sixty-degrees, and ninety-degree. For each position, the participants were required to place their thumbs on top of a load cell at relaxing (no force at all) and contact (30% of their individual Maximum Voluntary Contraction or known as MVC) conditions repetitively by following a designated trajectory. Feature extraction was performed by calculating the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of the HD-sEMG data collected from each channel. Six different classifiers have been used to classify the relationship between the forearm HD-sEMG and the corresponding thumb positions. As a result, LazyIBK obtained the highest correctly classified instances with 81.05%. The finding is significant in developing a dedicated control framework for a prosthetic hand for tansradial amputees that can operate as closely as normal

The relative success of alternative approaches to strategic information systems planning: an empirical analysis

Strategic information systems planning (SISP) is an exercise or ongoing activity that enables organisations to develop priorities for information systems development. It has been suggested that the ‘SISP approach’, a combination of method, process and implementation, is the most complete way of describing SISP activity. Based upon questionnaire responses from 267 IT Directors, four distinct approaches to SISP have been derived using cluster analysis. A comparison of these four approaches with five approaches of Earl, M.J., 1993. Experiences in SISP, MIS Quarterly, (March), 1–24, indicates that three bear strong similarities to the ‘organisational’, ‘business-led’, and ‘administrative’ approaches, whilst the fourth cluster is related to both Earl’s ‘method-driven’ and ‘technological’ approaches. An analysis of the relationship between SISP approach and SISP success demonstrates that the ‘organisational approach’ is significantly more successful than the other three approaches

Explication of Extrinsic Forearm Muscles On the Classification of Thumb Position Using High-Density Surface Electromyogram

Muscles for hand functions and movements play a major role in basic daily activities such as writing and lifting objects. The main digit of the finger in differentiating the hand gesture is the thumb and its main muscles are intrinsic muscles. However, for transradial amputees, despite the loss of access to the intrinsic muscles, any information from the extrinsic muscles would be paramount and non-negotiable in creating a perfect hand prosthesis. As such, the research is dedicated to studying the relationship between extrinsic muscles located at the human’s forearm to characterize the actual thumb attitudes. A 64-channel HD-sEMG recording device together with a thumb force measuring platform was utilized to collect the required signals from 17 participants at several thumb angle positions namely zero-degrees, thirty-degree, sixty-degrees, and ninety-degree. For each position, the participants were required to place their thumbs on top of a load cell at relaxing (no force at all) and contact (30% of their individual Maximum Voluntary Contraction or known as MVC) conditions repetitively by following a designated trajectory. Feature extraction was performed by calculating the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of the HD-sEMG data collected from each channel. Six different classifiers have been used to classify the relationship between the forearm HD-sEMG and the corresponding thumb positions. As a result, LazyIBK obtained the highest correctly classified instances with 81.05%. The finding is significant in developing a dedicated control framework for a prosthetic hand for tansradial amputees that can operate as closely as normal

A Study on Linear Shrinkage Behavior of Peat Soil Stabilized with Eco-Processed Pozzolan (EPP)

Peat soil incorporated materials from fragmented organic constituents that originated in submerged wetlands. Peat soil has a particular index property that accounts for more than 75% of its organic content. Due to its low shear strength, high moisture content, high compressibility, low specific gravity, restricted bearing capacity, irregular shrinkage, and instability, peat soil is interpreted as a challenging soil for the building industry. The purpose of this study is to look at the index properties of Klias, Beaufort peat soil, and eco processed pozzolan (EPP), as well as to investigate the strengthening and stiffening effects of EPP stabilization treatment on peat soil and the association between EPP and linear shrinkage effects of peat. The linear shrinkage used to measure the shrinkage behaviour of peat soil consists of untreated samples, namely peat soil, and treated samples, which are peat soil in addition to EPP with a concentration of 20% and 30%, respectively. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is employed to produce images of a sample by scanning the surface of an untreated peat sample and treated peat samples with EPP. High moisture content with an average of 580% was reported for the KBpt area. EPP can potentially help to reduce the shrinkage by almost 66.66%. Additionally, the results showed that by adding EPP as filler material to the peat soil, shrinkage behaviour decreases significantly for untreated peat soil and treated peat soil with EPP, with 4.29% reduced to 1.43% significantly. Correspondingly, the crystallization process occurred between peat soil and EPP, which contributed to the reduction of shrinkage and tension crack in peat soil and produced Muscovite, which is appeared and identified as mineral that important in rock-forming mineral. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-06-05 Full Text: PD