646 research outputs found
Accessing nanomechanical resonators via a fast microwave circuit
The measurement of micron-sized mechanical resonators by electrical
techniques is difficult, because of the combination of a high frequency and a
small mechanical displacement which together suppress the electromechanical
coupling. The only electromagnetic technique proven up to the range of several
hundred MHz requires the usage of heavy magnetic fields and cryogenic
conditions. Here we show how, without the need of either of them, to fully
electrically detect the vibrations of conductive nanomechanical resonators up
to the microwave regime. We use the electrically actuated vibrations to
modulate an LC tank circuit which blocks the stray capacitance, and detect the
created sideband voltage by a microwave analyzer. We show the novel technique
up to mechanical frequencies of 200 MHz. Finally, we estimate how one could
approach the quantum limit of mechanical systems
Balmer Line Variations in the Radio-Loud AGN PG 1512+370
We present spectroscopic observations of the quasar PG~1512+370, covering the
Hbeta line spectral range and collected at moderate resolution (2-7 A FWHM)
from 1988 to 1996. The observations show that the blue wing of the Hbeta broad
profile component has changed significantly in flux and shape between 1988 and
1990 and between 1995 and 1996. A displaced blue peak on the Hbeta profile,
visible in 1988, but not in the 1990-1995 spectra, is revealed again in one of
the spectra obtained in 1996. The blue peak (in both the 1988 and 1996 spectra)
is centered at Delta v_r ~ -3000 +/- 500 km/s from the rest frame defined by
the narrow component of Hbeta, and the OIII lambda4959,5007 lines.
We discuss several conflicting interpretations of the data. We find that the
variability of the Hbeta blue wing is consistent with Balmer line emission from
regions whose motion is predominantly radial, if variations of the blue wing
are a response to continuum changes. Alternatively, we note that observed Hbeta
line profile variations are consistent with a variable line component as in a
``binary black hole'' scenario. More frequent observations of Hbeta are needed
to distinguish among these hypotheses.Comment: 19 pages, 1 embedded figure (eps), to appear in ApJ 49
Historic Light Curve and Long-term Optical Variation of BL Lacertae 2200+420
In this paper, historical optical(UBVRI) data and newly observed data from
the Yunnan Observatory of China(about100 years) are presented for BL Lacertae.
Maximum variations in UBVRI: 5.12, 5.31, 4.73, 2.59, and 2.54 and color indices
of U-B = -0.11 +/- 0.20, B-V= 1.0 +/- 0.11, V-R= 0.73 +/- 0.19, V-I= 1.42 +/-
0.25, R-I= 0.82 +/- 0.11, and B-I= 2.44 +/- 0.29 have been obtained from the
literature; The Jurkevich method is used to investigate the existence of
periods in the B band light curve, and a long-term period of 14 years is found.
The 0.6 and 0.88 year periods reported by Webb et al.(1988) are confirmed. In
addition, a close relation between B-I and B is found, suggesting that the
spectra flattens when the source brightens.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, 2 table, aasms4.sty, to be published in ApJ,
Vol. 507, 199
Proximity effect-assisted absorption of spin currents in superconductors
The injection of pure spin current into superconductors by the dynamics of a
ferromagnetic contact is studied theoretically. Taking into account suppression
of the order parameter at the interfaces (inverse proximity effect) and the
energy-dependence of spin-flip scattering, we determine the
temperature-dependent ferromagnetic resonance linewidth broadening. Our results
agree with recent experiments in Nb|permalloy bilayers [C. Bell et al.,
arXiv:cond-mat/0702461].Comment: 4 page
Optical Monitoring of BL Lacertae Object OJ 287: a 40-Day Period?
We present the results of our optical monitoring of the BL Lacertae object OJ
287 during the first half of 2005. The source did not show large-amplitude
variations during this period and was in a relatively quiescent state. A
possible period of 40 days was derived from its light curves in three BATC
wavebands. A bluer-when-brighter chromatism was discovered, which is different
from the extremely stable color during the outburst in 1994--96. The different
color behaviors imply different variation mechanisms in the two states. We then
re-visited the optical data on OJ 287 from the OJ-94 project and found as well
a probable period of 40 days in its optical variability during the late-1994
outburst. The results suggest that two components contribute to the variability
of OJ 287 during its outburst state. The first component is the normal {\sl
blazar} variation. This component has an amplitude similar to that of the
quiescent state and also may share a similar periodicity. The second component
can be taken as a `low-frequency modulation' to the first component. It may be
induced by the interaction of the assumed binary black holes in the center of
this object. The 40-day period may be related to the helical structure of the
magnetic field at the base of the jet, or to the orbital motion close to the
central primary black hole.Comment: 31 pages, 8 figures, accepted by A
Long-term Variability Properties and Periodicity Analysis for Blazars
In this paper, the compiled long-term optical and infrared measurements of
some blazars are used to analyze the variation properties and the optical data
are used to search for periodicity evidence in the lightcurve by means of the
Jurkevich technique and the discrete correlation function (DCF) method.
Following periods are found: 4.52-year for 3C 66A; 1.56 and 2.95 years for AO
0235+164;
14.4, 18.6 years for PKS 0735+178; 17.85 and 24.7 years for PKS 0754+100;
5.53 and 11.75 for OJ 287. 4.45, and 6.89 years for PKS 1215; 9 and 14.84 years
for PKS 1219+285;
2.0, 13.5 and 22.5 for 3C273; 7.1 year for 3C279;
6.07 for PKS 1308+326; 3.0 and 16.5 years for PKS 1418+546;
2.0 and 9.35 years for PKS 1514-241; 18.18 for PKS 1807+698;
4.16 and 7.0 for 2155-304; 14 and 20 years for BL Lacertae. Some explanations
have been discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 2 table, no figure, a proceeding paper for Pacific Rim
Conference on Stellar Astrophysics, Aug. 1999, HongKong, Chin
An Eccentric Circumbinary Accretion Disk and the Detection of Binary Massive Black Holes
We present a two-dimensional grid-based hydrodynamic simulation of a thin,
viscous, locally-isothermal corotating disk orbiting an equal-mass Newtonian
binary point mass on a fixed circular orbit. We study the structure of the disk
after multiple viscous times. The binary maintains a central hole in the
viscously-relaxed disk with radius equal to about twice the binary semimajor
axis. Disk surface density within the hole is reduced by orders of magnitude
relative to the density in the disk bulk. The inner truncation of the disk
resembles the clearing of a gap in a protoplanetary disk. An initially circular
disk becomes elliptical and then eccentric. Disturbances in the disk contain a
component that is stationary in the rotating frame in which the binary is at
rest; this component is a two-armed spiral density wave. We measure the
distribution of the binary torque in the disk and find that the strongest
positive torque is exerted inside the central low-density hole. We make
connection with the linear theory of disk forcing at outer Lindblad resonances
(OLRs) and find that the measured torque density distribution is consistent
with forcing at the 3:2 (m=2) OLR, well within the central hole. We also
measure the time dependence of the rate at which gas accretes across the hole
and find quasi-periodic structure. We discuss implications for variability and
detection of active galactic nuclei containing a binary massive black hole.Comment: 10 pages; replaced to match ApJ version; includes new physical
interpretation of torque density (Sec. 4.1); large mpeg animation is
available at http://www.tapir.caltech.edu/~milos/circBinaryEccDisk.mp
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