The effect of cultivars soil tillages and cluster thinning on water stress, yield and quality in cv. cabernet sauvignon

Bu çalışmada, Cabernet Sauvignon üzüm çeşidinde 3 farklı toprak işleme (geleneksel toprak işleme, azaltılmış toprak işleme, korumalı toprak işleme) şeklinin ve salkım seyreltme (seyreltmesiz ve %50 salkım seyreltme) uygulamalarının su stresi, verim ve kalite üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırma, Tekirdağ Bağcılık Araştırma Enstitüsü deneme parselinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneme parseli sonbaharda sürüldükten sonra doğal otlanmaya bırakılmıştır. Vejetasyon periyodu başladıktan sonra 15-20 gün arayla geleneksel toprak işleme, taneler bezelye büyüklüğüne geldiğinde azaltılmış toprak işleme uygulamasında toprak işlemeye başlanmıştır. Korumalı toprak işlemede doğal otlandırma yapılmış ve toprak işlenmemiştir. Araştırma sonucunda toprak işleme sistemleri arasında istatistiki açıdan fark önemli bulunmamıştır. Salkım seyreltme uygulamalarında; ben düşme döneminde salkımlar %50 seyreltilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, salkım seyreltme uygulamasında omca başına verim yönünden farklılık önemli bulunmuştur. Omca başına verim, salkım seyreltme uygulamalarında 2.2?2.3 kg/omca arasında; salkım seyreltme uygulanmayanlarda ise 3.4?3.5 kg/omca arasında değişmiştir. Suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı bakımından en düşük değer geleneksel toprak işlemede (%21.04) elde edilirken; en yüksek değer (%21.40) korumalı toprak işlemeden elde edilmiştir. Toplam antosiyanin miktarı bakımından geleneksel toprak işleme (463.78 mg/kg) en yüksek değeri alırken, bunu korumalı toprak işleme (460.14 mg/kg) ve azaltılmış toprak işleme (407.86 mg/kg) izlemiştir. Sonuç olarak, Cabernet Sauvignon üzüm çeşidinde doğal otlandırma ile yapılan korumalı toprak işleme neticesinde üzüm kalite kriterlerinde olumlu yönde bir artış sağlanmıştır. Ancak otlandırma çalışmalarının asmalar üzerine etkileri uzun dönemde ortaya çıktığından dolayı, bu tip araştırmaların çok yıllık yapılmasının faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.The effects of 3 different soil tillage treatments (e.g. conventional tillage, minimum tillage and conservation tillage) and cluster thinning treatments (without thinning, 50% cluster thinning) on water stress, yield and quality parameters of cv. Cabernet Sauvignon were investigated in this study. The research was conducted in the experiment parcel located in Tekirdag Viticulture Research Institute. The experiment parcel, had been cultivated at autumn, then was left for natural grassing. After the vegetation period has started, with 15-20 days interval, soil cultivation has been made by using the conventional tillage treatment, and by the minimum tillage treatment has been started at the pea size stage of berries. During the conservation tillage treatment, naturel grassing has been made and no cultivation was done. As a result of the study, there were no statistically significant differences among tillage systems. Half of the clusters on a vine were removed at the verasion for cluster thinning treatment. The only significant difference was on the yield, regarding the cluster thinning treatment at the result. Yield for per vine ranged between 2.2-2.3 kg/vine at the cluster thinning treatments, and ranged between 3.4-3.5 kg/vine at the no cluster thinning treatment. The minimum value for soluble solids in fruit juice was 21.04% at conventional tillage, and the maximum value (21.40%) was at the conservation tillage treatments. The conventional tillage treatment showed the maximum total anthocyanin level (463.78 mg/kg) followed by the conversation tillage treatment (460.14 mg/kg) and minimum tillage treatment (407.86 mg/kg) respectively regarding the total anthocyanin levels. As a result, grape quality criterions were improved by using the conversation tillage treatment with natural grassing at cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. However, similar studies should be done for more than one year, since the effects of cultivation studies on the grapevines could be seen in the long term

Genetic analysis of central Anatolian grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) germplasm by simple sequence repeats

The Anatolian peninsula otherwise known as Asia Minor is considered one of the centers that shaped grape (Vitis spp.) evolution and domestication. This region with diverse ecological conditions also has a long history of viticulture and growing grapes has been a part of the local culture since very old times. However, very little information is available on genetic analysis of Anatolian grape germplasm. This study reports on genetic analyses of 88 grapevine cultivars from Central Anatolia using 17 microsatellite (SSR) loci. The average number of alleles per locus was 9.18, ranging from 5 to 15. The highest heterozygosity rate was obtained for the SSR loci “VVS2” and “VMC2H4.” Genetic distances between populations ranged from 0.056 to 0.207 and two cases of identical, seven cases of homonymous, and nine cases of synonymous grape cultivar groups were identified. Based on comparisons with international Vitis databases, it has been determined that “Moldova-Coarna Neagra” cultivar is synonymous with some Anatolian cultivars. In addition, investigation of the genetic diversity of 20 genotypes of Anatolian wild germplasm revealed a higher level of genetic diversity in wild populations than in cultivated ones at the studied microsatellite loci. The results reported here should not only contribute towards better management of the grape germplasm of the region but also provide new insights into grape domestication