Metabolic influence on circadian oscillations рH and Eh in urine and saliva

Urine and saliva are the most accessible liquids for studying circadian oscillations coherent with the activity of ongoing metabolic processes, which are characterized by a change in the rate and direction of the formation of protons (H+) and electrons (ē). The existing balance of acid-base state (pH) and redox potential (Eh) is an important indicator of homeostasis, reflecting the state of energy metabolism, i.e., the process of dissimilation. If the stability of the main (basic) metabolism does not change during the day, then the rate of facultative energy-consuming processes increases significantly during the daytime and decreases at night.Endogenous formation of hydrogen cations (H+) accompanies all transformation reactions of adenosine triphosphate. Thus, glycolysis is accompanied by lactic acidosis of the cytoplasm, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle performs a hydrogen-donor function, supplying protons (H+) to the respiratory chain of mitochondria. At the same time, depending on the rate of oxidative phosphorylation, a certain part of hydrogen cations (H+) is excreted into the intercellular space, from where it subsequently enters saliva and urine.Daily oscillations of pH and Eh in the urine and oral fluid (saliva) of healthy people reflect the circadian rhythm of metabolic processes and can be important indicators of metabolic disorders in common diseases accompanied by impaired energy metabolism

Systolic blood pressure as a predictor of pathologic mobility of kidney

For the purpose of influence studying the depending on a position of changes of the main venous blood-groove a kidney on systolic arterial pressure measurement of arterial pressure, blood-groove speed in renal veins is taken, resistance indexes among patients with pathological mobility of a kidney are defined. These researches showed dependence of systolic arterial pressure as from high-speed, and resistive indicators in both kidney vessels. It is shown that measurement of arterial pressure in six static states can give a new modern assessment to physiological norm of arterial pressure and help with diagnostics of the early pathogenetic factors responsible for development of arterial hypertension

Experimental evaluation of system characteristics «compressor stage–linear magnetoelectric drive»

In this work, tests of low-speed compressor stages with a linear magnetoelectric drive are carried out. The developed system makes it possible to measure the instantaneous parameters of the compressed gas in the working chamber of the piston stage, as well as to take the operating characteristics of the drive — consumed current, voltage, power. The work presents examples of the obtained characteristics. In the future, the use of the measuring system is assumed in scientific research on the study of effective modes of operation of the magnetoelectric drive and as a teaching and laboratory stand in the implementation of the educational proces

FUNCTIONAL BEAM RESEARCH METHODS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ABNORMAL MOBILITY OF KIDNEY

Abstract:Introduction. Abnormal mobility of kidney - a combination nephroptosis with abnormal rotation in one or more static state. The main beam is at present diagnostic methods. Only ultrasound has the functionality, the ability to use polypositional.The purpose of the study. Development of functional radiological methods of diagnosis of pathological mobility of the kidney and its complications.Research methods. The methods of determining the angle of rotation according to the kidney excretory urography performed in wedge and orthostasis, ultrasound sonography, Doppler, dynamic indirect kidney scan and computed tomography. Statistical processing of the data using the package STATISTICA 6.0 software licensing and computer programs, correlation analysis, frequency and multiple correspondence analysis.The main results. To determine the location of each case properly distributed in accordance with the classification matrices further method was used polypositional ultrasound, which allowed to determine the position of the patient, which revealed significant correlated with the RMS, hemoand urodynamic changes. Application rentgenradiological diagnostic methods in the corresponding position of the fixed kidney complications pathological mobility.The main conclusions. The combination of ultrasonic, radiographic, radioisotope diagnostic PMK and its complications allows us to supplement the information content of these studies and to expand the diagnostic value of each of them. An integrated approach to the implementation of diagnostic tests will improve the efficiency of the treatment of complications PMK, reduce material costs, which in turn will improve the quality of treatment of patients with this pathology

PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONAL STATES OF MITOCHONDRIA IN THE THERMODYNAMIC AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CYCLE

Aim. This study was performed to identify the possible physiological and pathogenetic processes taking place in the mitochondrial matrix which create the conditions for lithogenesis of insoluble calcium phosphate salts (calcium carbonate...). Whereas, they can later be deposited in various tissues, taking into account the fact that the formation of calcium phosphate (calcium carbonate ...) in the human body occurs under normal physiological conditions (bone tissue, otolith...). It raises the urgency of the question of understanding the physiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of lithogenesis.Materials and methods. There was carried out a meta-analysis of the functional states of mitochondria, to which we 125 Kubanskij nauchnyj medicinskij vestnik 2018; 25 (5) applied a mathematical model based on the changing direction and velocity of the conjugated thermodynamic and electrochemical parameters (pressure, volume, temperature, Gibbs potential, exergy…). Considering the schemes of the oxidative phosphorylation proposed by R.Mitchell and R.Williams, we created a model of the thermodynamic and electrochemical cycle of mitochondria which gives a deeper understanding of the principles of the mechanisms of the ongoing processes in the system mitochondrial matrix-internal membrane-intermembrane space.Results. Based on the fundamental principle of functional interaction, there were proposed four functional states of mitochondria (M) in thermodynamic and electrochemical (TD-EC) cycle, to which was created a mathematical model that allows to systematize the processes accompanied by the accumulation of the electrochemical potential, in other words, the charge separation (ionization) in the paramembrane space. At the same time, on the one side of the inner membrane (mitochondrial intermembrane space) the positive charge predominates, and on the other side (the mitochondrial matrix) – the negative. These processes, in view of the repulsion of like charges, lead to the increase in pressure both in the mitochondrial matrix and in the intermembrane space. In this sense, the direction of the electrochemical processes, taking place in the intramembrane and intermembrane environment from the position of physical thermodynamics, is similar to the direction of the processes occurring in the compressible ionized gas (plasma).The states of mitochondria are considered when the velocity of electrons along the respiratory chain, which is associated with a change in the thermal potential, changes in the thickness of its internal membrane. For the medium inside the matrix, which is an ultra-microheterogeneous dispersive mass, and also using the thermodynamic analogy with the ionized gas, by the thermal potential (Ǫ) we mean the product of pressure (P) per volume (V): Ǫ= PV. Based on the mathematical model of the thermodynamic behavior of the mitochondria and on the limitations imposed by the laws of physical and chemical thermodynamics, it is established that the greatest degree of thermodynamic perfection in the process of mitochondrial respiration corresponds to the state of "respiratory control" which, among the set of Functional States, is acceptable to consider the fundamental (basic, the first), in other words, F-I.The hierarchy of the homeostatic system of mitochondria is built according to the degree and speed of energy consumption which constantly switches (fluctuates ...) because life is the consequence of a stable nonequilibrium state of the special molecules, since living systems are never in equilibrium and, due to their free Gibbs energy (G), perform a constant work against the equilibrium.There is a physiological "balance" between the various functional states competing for the mitochondrial energy resources: 1) involuntary (Gibbs potential G>0) endergonic phosphorylation process which triggers ATP synthase and is accompanied by the cooling; and 2) spontaneous (Gibbs potential G<0) exergonic process that increases the temperature of the external medium. The pathophysiological "unbalance" of these mechanisms, in which the conditions for the formation of the watersoluble salt of calcium phosphate dihydrate-Ca (H2 PO4 )2 interchange with the poorly soluble calcium hydrogenphosphateСаHPO4 , can be a pathogenetic cause of the occurrence of common diseases (nephrolithiasis, osteochondrosis, atherosclerosis ...).Conclusion. In the thermodynamic and electrochemical cycle of the mitochondrial system matrix-internal membraneintermembrane space, the direction and speed of physiological functional variables, which determine the presence and magnitude of the primary physiological needs, are important. In the multidimensional space of the physiological functional variables there is a gap of functionality. This is the range of parameters variations, the limits of which are distributed according to Gauss and are optimal for the habitat mode in the external environment, which is the cytoplasm in regards to the mitochondria. Going beyond the limits of the gap of functionality promotes the thermodynamic and electrochemical adaptation changes in the mitochondrial system itself which tends to return to the state of the thermodynamic "rest", while the mitochondria performs a cyclic process.Relying on the fact that the fundamental principle of the functional expediency establishes the primacy of the maximum residence time of any living system in the defined ("normative", "permissible" ...) limits of the functionality gap, the fluctuations of which are conditioned by the changing external conditions and internal needs, we express confidence that, taking into account the limitations imposed by the laws of physical and chemical thermodynamics, the greatest degree of thermodynamic perfection of the mitochondrial breathing process in the dynamical electrochemical cycle is performed in the state of the respiratory control (F-I), which corresponds to the maximum entropy (S) and the minimum Gibbs energy (G). In the thermodynamic and electrochemical cycle may arise the conditions that include the adaptive biochemical changes that favor the accumulation of Ca2+ in the mitochondrial matrix, and thereby confirm the direct dependence of the calcium retention capacity on the speed of the respiration of mitochondria. At the same time, a significant amount of Ca2+ accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix, which, combined with the hydrophosphate, is transformed into the calcium diphosphate − Ca3 (PO4 )2 , which has an extremely low solubility in water. This may be a primordial mechanism of lithogenesis with the subsequent deposition of calcium phosphate salts in various tissues, causing the diseases at the organ level, in the pathogenesis of which the violation of energy metabolism is common

COMBINED TREATMENT FOR DENDRITIC NEPHROLITHIASIS. CLINICAL CASE

We present a case of successful combined treatment for dendritic stone (K-IY according to classification of Scientific Research Institute of Urology) in the left kidney of a patient with comorbid pathology (diabetes mellitus II type, CHI risk I, lumbar osteochondrosis). Feature of this case is that during operative transcutaneous endoscopic intervention we removed ≈80% of an easily available pelvic part of a stone, and to avoid excessive trauma of parenchymatous tissue for the purpose of the maximum preservation of renal function, we left intact hard to reach calyceal fragments of a concrement. Considering data of рН metric 3-day monitoring which revealed constantly sharp sour reaction of urine (<5.8–6.0), within the 5-month postoperative follow-up, the patient accepted health supplement ‘OMS-citrate’ according to the administered scheme which provides implementation of the maximum scope рН urine and individual dosage selection depending on the personified extent of metabolism disorder.The offered approach in citrate ‘mixtures’ administration deprives of a possibility for salts settling out, interfaced to the corresponding enzymes, as there are no conditions for incrustation of an external layer of a stone, as with a normal amplitude рН urine from 5.0 to 8.0 (>0 U), activity of all enzymes are reduced as their activation requires long (10–15 day) stay of рН urine in narrow limits (<0.8–1.2 units an isoaciduria). Citrate therapy in the setting of the stent of internal drainage, had been carried out, within 4 months the remained stone fragments completely released all renal collecting system, and on the stent after its extraction in 5 months there were no signs of salt incrustation. X-ray-radiological examinations in 1.5 years after the operation showed no signs of lithiasis recurrence, at the same time function of kidneys did not worsen (remained), and the urodynamics was restored. Besides, on the background of the carried-out treatment fornephrolithiasis, positive dynamics of the accompanying comorbid pathology (diabetes and atherosclerotic disease) was observed