Small Volume Fraction Limit of the Diblock Copolymer Problem: II. Diffuse-Interface Functional

We present the second of two articles on the small volume fraction limit of a nonlocal Cahn-Hilliard functional introduced to model microphase separation of diblock copolymers. After having established the results for the sharp-interface version of the functional (arXiv:0907.2224), we consider here the full diffuse-interface functional and address the limit in which epsilon and the volume fraction tend to zero but the number of minority phases (called particles) remains O(1). Using the language of Gamma-convergence, we focus on two levels of this convergence, and derive first- and second-order effective energies, whose energy landscapes are simpler and more transparent. These limiting energies are only finite on weighted sums of delta functions, corresponding to the concentration of mass into `point particles'. At the highest level, the effective energy is entirely local and contains information about the size of each particle but no information about their spatial distribution. At the next level we encounter a Coulomb-like interaction between the particles, which is responsible for the pattern formation. We present the results in three dimensions and comment on their two-dimensional analogues

IAU Symposium 241 - Stellar Populations as Building Blocks of Galaxies

Stellar populations, building blocks of galaxies, are direct tracers of the star formation history, the chemical enrichment and the assembly of galaxies in the Universe. They therfore allow us to understand how galaxies formed and evolved. This last decade has witnessed a revolution in our observations of galaxies; with larger telescopes and new instruments we are not only able to look deeper in the Universe, we can also study nearby galaxies with greater detail. The fact that now is becoming possible to resolve stars up to the distance of Virgo Cluster allows us to rigorously compare and calibrate the analysis of the integrated light with resolved stellar populations. These Proceedings report the considerable progress made in recent years in this topic. Theorists and observers, researchers of resolved and unresolved stellar populations, discussed the ingredients of stellar population models, and rigorously compared them to new data, forcing theorists to develop more refined models and methods to derive the physical parameters of the stellar populations. New results from the Milky Way, the Local Group, and nearby and distant galaxies were presented.Comment: This is the table of contents of the upcoming proceedings of IAU Symposium 241. The book will appear in September, from Cambridge University Press, and will also be available electronically at http://www.journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=IA

Small Volume Fraction Limit of the Diblock Copolymer Problem: I. Sharp Interface Functional

We present the first of two articles on the small volume fraction limit of a nonlocal Cahn-Hilliard functional introduced to model microphase separation of diblock copolymers. Here we focus attention on the sharp-interface version of the functional and consider a limit in which the volume fraction tends to zero but the number of minority phases (called particles) remains O(1). Using the language of Gamma-convergence, we focus on two levels of this convergence, and derive first and second order effective energies, whose energy landscapes are simpler and more transparent. These limiting energies are only finite on weighted sums of delta functions, corresponding to the concentration of mass into `point particles'. At the highest level, the effective energy is entirely local and contains information about the structure of each particle but no information about their spatial distribution. At the next level we encounter a Coulomb-like interaction between the particles, which is responsible for the pattern formation. We present the results here in both three and two dimensions.Comment: 37 pages, 1 figur

Applied Mathematics, the Hans van Duijn way

This is a former PhD student's take on his teacher's scientific philosophy. I describe a set of 'principles' that I believe are conducive to good applied mathematics, and that I have learnt myself from observing Hans van Duijn in action.Comment: 11 page

Self-Similar blow-up for a diffusion-attraction problem

In this paper we consider a system of equations that describes a class of mass-conserving aggregation phenomena, including gravitational collapse and bacterial chemotaxis. In spatial dimensions strictly larger than two, and under the assumptions of radial symmetry, it is known that this system has at least two stable mechanisms of singularity formation (see e.g. M.P. Brenner et al.1999, Nonlinearity, 12, 1071-1098); one type is self-similar, and may be viewed as a trade-off between diffusion and attraction, while in the other type the attraction prevails over the diffusion and a non-self-similar shock wave results. Our main result identifies a class of initial data for which the blow-up behaviour is of the former, self-similar type. The blow-up profile is characterized as belonging to a subset of stationary solutions of the associated ordinary differential equation.Comment: 28 pages, 1 figure with 2 picture

Non-oriented solutions of the eikonal equation

We study a new formulation for the eikonal equation |grad u| =1 on a bounded subset of R^2. Instead of a vector field grad u, we consider a field P of orthogonal projections on 1-dimensional subspaces, with div P in L^2. We prove existence and uniqueness for solutions of the equation P div P=0. We give a geometric description, comparable with the classical case, and we prove that such solutions exist only if the domain is a tubular neighbourhood of a regular closed curve. The idea of the proof is to apply a generalized method of characteristics introduced in Jabin, Otto, Perthame, "Line-energy Ginzburg-Landau models: zero-energy states", Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa Cl. Sci. (5) 1 (2002), to a suitable vector field m satisfying P = m \otimes m. This formulation provides a useful approach to the analysis of stripe patterns. It is specifically suited to systems where the physical properties of the pattern are invariant under rotation over 180 degrees, such as systems of block copolymers or liquid crystals.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, submitte

Stability of monolayers and bilayers in a copolymer-homopolymer blend model

We study the stability of layered structures in a variational model for diblock copolymer-homopolymer blends. The main step consists of calculating the first and second derivative of a sharp-interface Ohta-Kawasaki energy for straight mono- and bilayers. By developing the interface perturbations in a Fourier series we fully characterise the stability of the structures in terms of the energy parameters. In the course of our computations we also give the Green's function for the Laplacian on a periodic strip and explain the heuristic method by which we found it.Comment: 40 pages, 34 Postscript figures; second version has some minor corrections; to appear in "Interfaces and Free Boundaries

Copolymer-homopolymer blends: global energy minimisation and global energy bounds

We study a variational model for a diblock-copolymer/homopolymer blend. The energy functional is a sharp-interface limit of a generalisation of the Ohta-Kawasaki energy. In one dimension, on the real line and on the torus, we prove existence of minimisers of this functional and we describe in complete detail the structure and energy of stationary points. Furthermore we characterise the conditions under which the minimisers may be non-unique. In higher dimensions we construct lower and upper bounds on the energy of minimisers, and explicitly compute the energy of spherically symmetric configurations.Comment: 31 pages, 6 Postscript figures; to be published in Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations. Version history: Changes in v2 w.r.t v1 only concern metadata. V3 contains some minor revisions and additions w.r.t. v2. V4 corrects a confusing typo in one of the formulas of the appendix. V5 is the definitive version that will appear in prin

Well-posedness of a parabolic moving-boundary problem in the setting of Wasserstein gradient flows

We develop a gradient-flow framework based on the Wasserstein metric for a parabolic moving-boundary problem that models crystal dissolution and precipitation. In doing so we derive a new weak formulation for this moving-boundary problem and we show that this formulation is well-posed. In addition, we develop a new uniqueness technique based on the framework of gradient flows with respect to the Wasserstein metric. With this uniqueness technique, the Wasserstein framework becomes a complete well-posedness setting for this parabolic moving-boundary problem.Comment: 26 page