Cytokines and local chronic inflammation in the formation of infertility in fertile age women

The purpose of the study was to examine the characteristics of the content of cytokines in the peritoneal fluid in women of reproductive age with infertility against the background of chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs in the stage of clinical remission.Material and methods. A study was conducted of 50 patients aged 23-36 years with a verified diagnosis of infertility of tubal peritoneal genesis against a background of chronic inflammatory diseases of the reproductive sphere in the stage of clinical remission. As a control group, 15 practically healthy women aged 25-37 years were examined. Concentration of cytokines TNF-a, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-y, MCP-1 in the peritoneal fluid was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results and discussion. In the main group of patients with tubal-peritoneal infertility, the activity of local inflammatory reactions is tested in the period of clinical remission of a chronic inflammatory process. This is confirmed by a significantly higher level of TNF-a, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-y, MCP-1 in the peritoneal fluid compared to the control group. The studied biologically active substances play a significant role in the development of the immune response, as well as fibroplastic processes. The results can be regarded as the latent development of the immune response in reactions to constant antigenic stimulation from the focus of chronic inflammation, which is a significant factor in the development of adhesions in the formation of infertility, and requires the inclusion of immunotropic therapy methods in treatment

Features of the immune response in children with acute respiratory infections caused by DNA and RNA viruses

The issues of immunopathogenesis of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) remain relevant, despite a long history of study. The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of the content of some cytokines in the blood serum of children with ARVI caused by DNA and RNA-containing viruses. Material and methods. We examined 92 children with ARVI at the age from 1 to 15 years, hospitalized in the hospital of the Children’s Clinical Hospital No. 6 (Novosibirsk). In order to determine the etiological factor, a study was carried out using the RT-PCR method (test systems AmpliSensORVI-screen-FL, “InterLabService”, Russia) of mucus from the nose and throat for the presence of genetic material of viruses that cause ARVI. Determination of the content of IL-8, IL-17, IFN-γ in the blood serum in children of all groups was carried out by the method of solid-phase ELISA using commercial test systems of LLC “Cytokin” (Russia). Results and discussion. 4 groups were formed: group I (n = 20) children with ARVI caused by DNA-containing viruses (group B, C, E adenoviruses, bocaviruses); group II (n = 53) children with ARVI caused by RNA viruses (RS virus, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, 4, rhinovirus and coronoviruses); group III (n = 12) children with ARVI caused by mixed infection; group IV (n = 7) – the genetic material of the pathogen has not been isolated. Concentration of IL-8, IL-17, IFN-γ was significantly increased in all groups compared to the normative values. Higher values of IFN-γ and IL-8 were revealed in patients with DNA viruses compared with the group with RNA-containing viruses, although the excess of IFN-γ was not statistically significant. Differences in the content of IFN-γ, IL-8 and IL-17 were noted for various etiological viral agents, but they were not significant. Conclusions. The results obtained can serve as confirmation that the functional characteristics of the response of the immune system in children with ARVI are determined not so much by the etiological factor as by its individual state. With ARVI in children, the presence of genetic material from more than one virus, apparently, is not a significant potentiating factor in the activation of the immune response. At the same time, a negative PCR result with a detailed clinical picture of ARVI does not exclude the viral genesis of the disease

EFFECT OF COMPLEX TREATMENT USING PLATELET AUTOPLASMA ON CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS OF PATIENTS WITH ENDOGENOUS UVEITIS AND MACULAR EDEMA

Purpose: to study the clinical and laboratory efficacy of the platelet autoplasma use in the complex treatment of endogenous uveitis associated with systemic diseases accompanied by macular edema. Material and methods. The study included 46 people (72 eyes) with endogenous uveitis and macular edema. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the ophthalmological examination, including visometry, tonometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, perimetry, B-scan, optical coherence tomography of the macular zone, photoregistration of the anterior, posterior segment of the eye. The examination was carried out on the 1st and 10th day of treatment. The main group consisted of 22 people (36 eyes) who underwent anti-inflammatory therapy and the introduction of platelet plasma in the region of the pterygopalatine fossa. The control group consisted of 24 people (36 eyes) receiving only anti-inflammatory therapy (diprospan 0.5 paraequatorially №1, dexazone 4 mg intravenously №5, intravenous lasix 2.0 ml №5, electrophoresis with prednisolone № 7). All patients underwent the definition of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 in tear fluid before the study and on the 10th day. Results. The significant increase in the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A and IL-8) and IL-4 and IL-6 involved in the development of autoimmune response and chronic inflammation was found in the patients with endogenous uveitis and macular edema. The use in the treatment of endogenous uveitis with macular edema of platelet autoplasma leads to more pronounced improvement of clinico-ophthalmological parameters (improvement in visual acuity, retinal photosensitivity, and retinal thickness reduction) relating to the comparison group. A decrease in the activity of the inflammatory process was noted in the main group after treatment, which is manifested by a significant decrease in the concentrations of IL-17A, IL-8, IL-4, IL-6, relating to the data obtained in the comparison group. The proposed scheme of complex treatment allows reducing the frequency of relapses of the pathological process

SOME PECULIARITIES OF IMMUNOBIOCHEMICAL DISORDERS IN PATHOGENESIS OF PSEUDOEXFOLIATION SYNDROME

Purpose. To measure concentrations of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), matrix-metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the lacrima of cataract patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX). Material and methods. Determination of the concentrations of IL-6, TGF-β1 and MMP-9 in lacrima was performed by the immune-enzyme analysis method in 71 cataract patients (71 eyes) with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) aged from 50 to 92 years (76±0.91). Results. It was found a significant increase of the concentrations of IL-6, TGF-β1 and MMP-9 in lacrima of patients with PEX. Conclusions. Increase of IL-6 and MMP-9 level may play an important role in the PEX pathogenesis. These cytokines are involved in the development of «subclinical» inflammatory process and activate the processes of destruction and proliferation. TGF-β1 has significant proliferative and anti-inflammatory activity. Increase of TGF-β1 level activates the processes of fibrosis and may be one of the pathogenetic factors in the formation of pseudoexfoliation material

INFLUENCE OF PRIMARY POSTERIOR CAPSULOREXIS ON THE ACTIVITY OF LOCAL INFLAMMATORY PROCESS AT FACOEMULSIFICATION OF COMPLICATED CATARACT ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE PSEUDOEXPHOLIATION SYNDROME

Purpose: to study the activity of the local inflammatory process in patients with complicated cataracts with pseudoexfoliation syndrome before and after phacoemulsification with the primary posterior capsulorhexis. 54 patients (54 eyes) aged 50 to 92 years (76 ± 7.43) appealed for surgical treatment of complicated cataracts with pseudoexfoliation syndrome were examined. The concentration of IL-6, IL-10, MMP-9, TGF-β1 was determined in the tear fluid of patients before and on the 5th day of the postoperative period. It was established that the activity of local inflammatory process (high concentrations of IL-6 and MMP-9) is determined in patients with complicated cataracts with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. The identified increase in TGF-1 concentrations is a significant factor in the formation of the pseudoexfoliation material. It has been established that the use of a modified surgical technique in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome does not lead to activation of the local inflammation proces

VIOLATIONS OF CYTOKINE REGULATION IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Purpose. To study the content of the transforming growth factorbeta 2 (TGF-β2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pigment epithelium factor (PEDF) and several cytokines in the vitreous body in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), to evaluate an activity of proliferative and immune-inflammatory process.Material and methods. Vitreous samples of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinal detachment traction were examined as well as patients with traction retinal detachment without the PDR (control). Concentration of TGF- β 2, VEGF, PEDF MCP-1, interleukin 4, 6, 8, 10, 17A was determined by the ELISA method.Results. A reliable increase in the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17A, IL-8, IL-6, MCP-1, anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4, transforming growth factor-beta 2, vascular endothelial growth factor, factor of pigment epithelium and monocyte chematacticprotein-1 was detected in the vitreous of PDR patients.Conclusions. The findings indicate the existence of cytokine regulation violations in the PDR pathogenesis. It was noted that the activity of local inflammatory and proliferative processes was determined in the PDR pathogenesis. The revealed correlative relationships indicate interdependence of these processes. The detected reliable increase of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the vitreous of PDR patients, allows to make an assumption about its participation in the mechanisms of vascular proliferation