Reactive oxygen species in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Co-author affiliations: - Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia - Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, Saint Petersburg, Russia - Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia - Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Russia - Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology RAMS, Moscow, RussiaThe volume of publications on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological processes has been increasing exponentially over the last decades. ROS in large amounts clearly have detrimental effects on cell physiology, whereas low concentrations of ROS are permanently produced in cells and play a role as signaling molecules. An imbalance in ROS production and defense mechanisms can lead to pathological vascular remodeling, atherosclerosis being among them. The aim of this review is to examine different sources of ROS from the point of view of their participation in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular risk. Among the possible sources of ROS discussed here are mitochondria, NADPH-oxidases, xanthine oxidase, peroxidases, NO-synthases, cytochrome P450, cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and hemoglobin of red blood cells. A great challenge for future research is to establish interrelations, feedback and feed-forward regulation mechanisms of various sources of ROS in development of atherosclerosis and other vascular pathologies

Study of the role of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the formation of posttoxic fibrosis and cirrhosis and the use of oxidized dextran in the experiment.

The purpose of the work is to evaluate the significance of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors in the formation of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in the outcome of chronic hepatosis of mixed toxic etiology and the use of OD in the experiment.Цель работы − оценка значения металлопротеиназ (ММР) и их ингибиторов в формировании фиброза и цирроза печени в исходе хронического гепатоза смешанной токсической этиологии и применение окисленного декстрана (ОД) в эксперименте

The structural organization of the liver and kupffer cells in newborn opposed lines mice CBA and C57BL / 6 under effect of chronic intrauterine hypoxia

The aim of the study was to study the structural organization of the liver and the ultrastructure of Kupffer cells in neonatal mice of two opposing lines of CBA and C57BI/6, who underwent chronic intrauterine hypoxia (CIUH). Materials and methods. One-day mice of the lines CBA and C57B1/6 were divided into four groups, 10 animals each: animals 1 (CBA) and 2 (C57B1/6) groups - mice bearing CIUH; animals 3rd (CBA) and 4th (C57B1/6) groups - mice of control groups. The effect of CIUH led to significant destructive changes in the liver parenchyma of one-day mice of both lines (CBA and C57Bl/6), more pronounced in C57B1/6 mice. The processes of reparative regeneration of liver parenchyma in C57Bl/6 mice transplanted with CIUH were less than in CBA mice and control mice and did not correspond to the scale of destructive changes in the liver parenchyma. In the Kupffer cells in C57Bl/6 mice transferred CIUH, a decrease in the protein-synthetic and energy functions of the Kupffer cells was detected, which was manifested by a decrease in the indicators characterizing the endoplasmic retikuluum, mitochondria, and demonstrates the state of desadaptation of the Kupfer cells. In the CBA mice that underwent CIUH, the Kupffer cells energy function was increased in relation to that in the control animals and characterizes the Kupfer cells compensation state in CIUH conditions.Целью исследования было изучение структурной организации печени и ультраструктуры клеток купфера у новорожденных мышей двух оппозитных линий СВа и C57BI/6, перенесших хроническую внутриутробную гипоксию (ХВУГ). Материалы и методы. однодневные мышата линий СВа и С57В1/6 были разделены на четыре группы, по 10 животных в каждой: животные 1-й (СВа) и 2-й (С57В1/6) групп – мышата, перенесшие ХВУГ; животные 3-й (СВа) и 4-й (С57В1/6) групп – мышата контрольных групп. Воздействие ХВУГ привело к значительным деструктивным изменениям в паренхиме печени однодневных мышат обеих линий (CBA и C57Bl/6), более выраженным у мышей линии С57В1/6. Процессы репаративной регенерации паренхимы печени у мышей линии C57Bl/6, перенесших ХВУГ, был меньшими, чем у мышей линии СВа и мышей контрольной группы, и не соответствовали масштабам деструктивных изменений в паренхиме печени. В клетках купфера у мышей линии C57Bl/6, перенесших ХВУГ, выявили снижение белково-синтетической и энергетической функций клеток купфера, что проявилось уменьшением показателей, характеризующих ГЭПС, митохондрии, и демонстрирует состояние дезадаптации клеток купфера. У мышей линии СВа, перенесших ХВУГ, энергетическая функция клеток купфера была увеличенной и характеризует в условиях ХВУГ состояние компенсации клеток купфера

Pathological changes of bone tissue and kidneys when implanted bone cement in experiment

Objective: to study the dynamics of morphological changes in the kidney and bone tissue after implantation of bone cement into the femoral bone experimentally. Material and methods. 90 male rats Wistar were divided into 3 groups. In group 1 (control) was carried out only cortical perforation of the diaphysis. The animals in group 2 is similar to the defect created cortical diaphysis of intraosseous bone cement was injected at a dose of 0.1 ml. Animals of group 3 were intact. Results. Methylmethacrylate monomer causes toxic damage bone and vascular endothelial maximally expressed at day 1-7, which promotes thrombus formation slows bone regeneration processes thigh tissue prolong the inflammatory response, thus providing the basis for a general toxic effect of methyl methacrylate and thrombotic complications. Toxic kidney damage with the introduction of bone cement, the most pronounced in the 1 st - 7 th day day of the experiment, caused primarily by necrosis and apoptosis of endothelial cells of the glomeruli with the development of thrombosis of capillaries, epithelial cells of the proximal tubule, and the subsequent observation period - increase of the severity of interstitial inflammation.Цель исследования: изучить динамику морфологических изменений в костной ткани и почках после имплантации костного цемента в бедренную кость в эксперименте. Материал и методы исследования. 90 крыс-самцов линии Вистар были разделены на 3 группы. В 1-й группе (контроль) выполнялась перфорация только кортикального слоя диафиза. Животным 2-й группы в аналогично созданный дефект кортикального слоя диафиза внутрикостно вводился костный цемент в дозе 0,1 мл. Животные 3-й группы были интактными. Результаты. Мономер метилметакрилата вызывает токсическое повреждение костной ткани и эндотелия сосудов, максимально выраженные на 1-7 сутки, что способствует тромбообразованию, замедляет процессы регенерации костной ткани бедра, пролонгирует воспалительную реакцию, тем самым создавая основу для общего токсического действия метилметакрилата и тромботических осложнений. Токсическое повреждение почек при введении костного цемента, максимально выраженное на 1-е - 7 сутки сутки эксперимента, обусловлено, прежде всего, некрозом и апоптозом эндотелиоцитов клубочков с развитием тромбоза капилляров, эпителиоцитов проксимальных канальцев, а в последующий период наблюдения - нарастанием выраженности интерстициального воспаления

RISK FACTORS AND CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHORION IN THE GENESIS OF SPONTANEOUS ABORTION IN FIRST TRIMESTER

Cytomorphological features of the chorion and risk factors for spontaneous abortion in the first trimester are studied. A total of 98 pregnant women were divided into 2 groups: the 1st (main) group - 38 pregnant women with spontaneous abortion in 1 trimester (38.78%), 2nd (control) group - 60 pregnant women with induced abortion 1 trimester (61,22%). One of the major risk factors for spontaneous abortion was a chronic persistent viral infection: expression of the investigated agents (Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, Cytomegalovirus, a virus Epstein-Barr), reached 84.2% and 88.33%, which, in the absence of inflammatory manifestations in the tissues of the chorion, reflected a significant infection of women and, probably, their predisposition to miscarriage. The results of serological investigations of studied agents not always indicated the infection of chorionic structures with these pathogens. Chronic viral infections had persistent subclinical character. Therefore the great importance in predicting of their effects on pregnancy had evaluation of the percentage of leukocytes, leukocyte index of intoxication and platelets. The most significant anamnestic risk factor for spontaneous abortion was spontaneous termination of previous pregnancies. Morphological changes in the structures of the chorion in spontaneous abortion in first trimester were heterogeneous, but most were caused by infectious disorders caused by pathogens TORCH-complex (70%). In determining the localization of pathogens chorionic tissues revealed expression of the most frequently studied pathogens in the trophoblastic epithelium and stromal cells of the villi, indicating on penetration of pathogens in the placenta

Study of myometry vascularization in mice in the postpartum period under acute CCL4-induced hepatosis

The aim of the study was to study the morphological peculiarities of myometrial vascularization in C57Bl / 6 mice in the postpartum period in acute CCl4-induced hepatosis. Materials and methods. Two-month-old pregnant female C57Bl / 6 female mice were divided into 2 groups: 1st — mice with a physiological pregnancy, and 2nd — mice with acute hepatosis induced by carbon tetrachloride on days 13-14 of pregnancy. The observation periods are 1, 3, 5, and 10 days after delivery. Results. The rate of live birth in mice that underwent acute CCl4-induced hepatosis was 74.8%, stillbirth - 25.2%, compared with mice in the control group, in which the rate of births was 89.7% and stillbirth was 10.3%. The volume (Vv) of the myometrial vessels in mice with acute CCl4-induced hepatosis was significantly higher (8 times) compared with the same indicator in mice with a physiologically occurring pregnancy on the 1st day of the postpartum period. The volume (Vv) of the vessels of the myometrium in mice with acute CCl4-induced hepatosis in the postpartum period from 1 to 10 days is significantly reduced, compared with the same indicator in mice with a physiologically ongoing pregnancy, by 1.82 times. The number (Nai) of the myometrial vessels in the mice of the control and experimental groups did not differ, which indicates the absence of the effect of liver damage on this indicator.Цель исследования. Изучить морфологические особенности васкуляризации миометрия в процессе послеродовой инволюции у мышей линии С57Bl/6 в условиях острого CCl4-индуцированного гепатоза. Материалы и методы. Двухмесячные беременные мыши-самки линии С57Bl/6 были разделены на 2 группы: 1-я –мыши с физиологически протекавшей беременностью, 2-я – мыши с острым гепатозом, индуцированным тетрахлорметаном на 13-14 день беременности. Периоды наблюдения - 1, 3, 5 и 10 сутки после родов. результаты. Показатель живорождения у мышей, перенесших острый CCl4-индуцированный гепатоз составил 74,8 %, мертворождения - 25,2 %, в сравнении с мышами контрольной группы, у которых показатель живорожденных составил - 89,7 %, а мертворожденных – 10,3 %. объемная плотность (Vv) сосудов миометрия у мышей с острым CCl4–индуцированным гепатозом была значительно большей (в 8 раз), в сравнении с аналогичным показателем у мышей с физиологически протекавшей беременностью в 1-е сутки послеродовый период, объемная плотность (Vv) сосудов миометрия у мышей с острым CCl4–индуцированным гепатозом в послеродовый период от 1–х к 10-м суткам значительно уменьшается, в сравнении с аналогичным показателем у мышей с физиологически протекавшей беременностью, в 1,82 раза. Численная плотность (Nai) сосудов миометрия у мышей контрольной и опытной групп не различались, что свидетельствует об отсутствии влияния повреждения печени на этот показатель

Markers and Biomarkers of Endothelium: When Something Is Rotten in the State

open access articleEndothelium is a community of endothelial cells (ECs), which line the blood and lymphatic vessels, thus forming an interface between the tissues and the blood or lympha. This strategic position of endothelium infers its indispensable functional role in controlling vasoregulation, haemostasis, and inflammation. The state of endothelium is simultaneously the cause and effect of many diseases, and this is coupled with modifications of endothelial phenotype represented by markers and with biochemical profile of blood represented by biomarkers. In this paper, we briefly review data on the functional role of endothelium, give definitions of endothelial markers and biomarkers, touch on the methodological approaches for revealing biomarkers, present an implicit role of endothelium in some toxicological mechanistic studies, and survey the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in modulation of endothelial status

An Approach for Using a Tensor-Based Method for Mobility-User Pattern Determining

Modern mobile networks exhibit a complex heterogeneous structure. To enhance the Quality of Service (QoS) in these networks, intelligent control mechanisms should be implemented. These functions are based on the processing of large amounts of data and feature extraction. One such feature is information about user mobility. However, directly determining user mobility remains challenging. To address this issue, this study proposes an approach based on multi-linear data processing. The user mobility is proposed to determine, using the multi-linear data, about the changing of the Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio (SINR). SINR varies individually for each user over time, relative to the network’s base stations. It is natural to represent these data as a tensor. A tensor-based preprocessing step employing Canonical Polyadic Decomposition (CPD) is proposed to extract user mobility information and reduce the data volume. In the next step, using the DBSCAN algorithm, users are clustered according to their mobility patterns. Subsequently, users are clustered based on their mobility patterns using the DBSCAN algorithm. The proposed approach is evaluated utilizing data from Network Simulator 3 (NS-3), which simulates a portion of the mobile network. The results of processing these data using the proposed method demonstrate superior performance in determining user mobility