5,582 research outputs found
Cassiopeia A and its Clumpy Presupernova Wind
The observed shock wave positions and expansion in Cas A can be interpreted
in a model of supernova interaction with a freely expanding stellar wind with a
mass loss rate of ~3e-5 Msun/yr for a wind velocity of 10 km/s. The wind was
probably still being lost at the time of the supernova, which may have been of
Type IIn or IIb. The wind may play a role in the formation of very fast knots
observed in Cas A. In this model, the quasi-stationary flocculi (QSFs)
represent clumps in the wind, with a density contrast of several 1000 compared
to the smooth wind. The outer, unshocked clumpy wind is photoionized by
radiation from the supernova, and is observed as a patchy HII region around Cas
A. This gas has a lower density than the QSFs and is heated by nonradiative
shocks driven by the blast wave. Denser clumps have recombined and are observed
as HI compact absorption features towards Cas A.Comment: 13 pages, ApJL, in pres
Fiber Orientation Estimation Guided by a Deep Network
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is currently the only tool for
noninvasively imaging the brain's white matter tracts. The fiber orientation
(FO) is a key feature computed from dMRI for fiber tract reconstruction.
Because the number of FOs in a voxel is usually small, dictionary-based sparse
reconstruction has been used to estimate FOs with a relatively small number of
diffusion gradients. However, accurate FO estimation in regions with complex FO
configurations in the presence of noise can still be challenging. In this work
we explore the use of a deep network for FO estimation in a dictionary-based
framework and propose an algorithm named Fiber Orientation Reconstruction
guided by a Deep Network (FORDN). FORDN consists of two steps. First, we use a
smaller dictionary encoding coarse basis FOs to represent the diffusion
signals. To estimate the mixture fractions of the dictionary atoms (and thus
coarse FOs), a deep network is designed specifically for solving the sparse
reconstruction problem. Here, the smaller dictionary is used to reduce the
computational cost of training. Second, the coarse FOs inform the final FO
estimation, where a larger dictionary encoding dense basis FOs is used and a
weighted l1-norm regularized least squares problem is solved to encourage FOs
that are consistent with the network output. FORDN was evaluated and compared
with state-of-the-art algorithms that estimate FOs using sparse reconstruction
on simulated and real dMRI data, and the results demonstrate the benefit of
using a deep network for FO estimation.Comment: A shorter version is accepted by MICCAI 201
Measurement of the running b-quark mass using events
We have studied the determination of the running b-quark mass, ,
using decays into 3 or more hadronic jets. We calculated the ratio of
-jet fractions in vs.
( = u or d or s) events at next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD using
six different infra-red- and collinear-safe jet-finding algorithms. We compared
with corresponding measurements from the SLD Collaboration and found a
significant algorithm-dependence of the fitted value. Our best
estimate, taking correlations into account, is .Comment: 22 pages (LaTeX), 1 Postscript figure. Version to appear in Phys.
Lett. B. Several clarifying remarks added in the text, typos corrected, and
theoretical results for very small masses added in the figur
Acceleration with Self-Injection for an All-Optical Radiation Source at LNF
We discuss a new compact gamma-ray source aiming at high spectral density, up
to two orders of magnitude higher than currently available bremsstrahlung
sources, and conceptually similar to Compton Sources based on conventional
linear accelerators. This new source exploits electron bunches from
laser-driven electron acceleration in the so-called self-injection scheme and
uses a counter-propagating laser pulse to obtain X and gamma-ray emission via
Thomson/Compton scattering. The proposed experimental configuration inherently
provides a unique test-bed for studies of fundamental open issues of
electrodynamics. In view of this, a preliminary discussion of recent results on
self-injection with the FLAME laser is also given.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, 44 references - Channeling 2012 conferenc
Theory and Applications of Robust Optimization
In this paper we survey the primary research, both theoretical and applied,
in the area of Robust Optimization (RO). Our focus is on the computational
attractiveness of RO approaches, as well as the modeling power and broad
applicability of the methodology. In addition to surveying prominent
theoretical results of RO, we also present some recent results linking RO to
adaptable models for multi-stage decision-making problems. Finally, we
highlight applications of RO across a wide spectrum of domains, including
finance, statistics, learning, and various areas of engineering.Comment: 50 page
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