3 research outputs found
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ CH3CN-H2O Π½Π° ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏ-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°Π»Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ(II)
During the study of cyclohexene oxidation by p-benzoquinones into cyclohexanone in water-organic solutions of cationic complexes of palladium(II) it was demonstrated that the initial reaction rate R0 depends complicatedly on water molar fraction for three studied solvents: acetonitrile (AN), dimethylformamide, and dimethylsulfoxide. In order to explain the obtained bimodal dependence for the example of AN-water system, modeling of phase equilibrium in the studied system was performed. The existence of two- and three-phase immiscibility areas as well as a three-component heteroazeotrope was found. By UV spectroscopy it was stated that varying of water molar fraction in the binary solvent substantially changes the state of starting cationic complexes [Pd(ΠΠ)x(H2O)4-x]2+. For mathematical description of medium effect on R0 value three models were proposed taking into account different factors, such as: a) physico-chemical properties of binary solvent; b) composition of possible associates AN-water; c) composition of starting [Pd(ΠΠ)x(H2O)4-x]2+ complexes. The adequate description of bimodal dependency was obtained in the model considering the changes of [Pd(ΠΠ)x(H2O)4-x]2+ complexes composition with simultaneous presence of an associate of (ΠΠ)2(H2O) composition.Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏ-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½Π° Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°Π»Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ(II) ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ R0 ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ: Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ» (ΠΠ), Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»-Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
- ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ»Π°ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ°Π·Π΅ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π£Π€-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² [Pd(ΠΠ)x(H2O)4-x]2+. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π½Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ R0 ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ: Π°) ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π±) ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»-Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π²) ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Pd(II). ΠΠ΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² [Pd(ΠΠ)x(H2O)4-x]2+ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° (ΠΠ)2(H2O)
The influence of composition of binary solvent CH<sub>3</sub>CN-H<sub>2</sub>O on the kinetics of oxidation of cyclohexene by p-BENZOQUINONES in solutions of cationic palladium(II) complexes
During the study of cyclohexene oxidation by p-benzoquinones into cyclohexanone in water-organic solutions of cationic complexes of palladium(II) it was demonstrated that the initial reaction rate R0 depends complicatedly on water molar fraction for three studied solvents: acetonitrile (AN), dimethylformamide, and dimethylsulfoxide. In order to explain the obtained bimodal dependence for the example of AN-water system, modeling of phase equilibrium in the studied system was performed. The existence of two- and three-phase immiscibility areas as well as a three-component heteroazeotrope was found. By UV spectroscopy it was stated that varying of water molar fraction in the binary solvent substantially changes the state of starting cationic complexes [Pd(ΠΠ)x(H2O)4-x]2+. For mathematical description of medium effect on R0 value three models were proposed taking into account different factors, such as: a) physico-chemical properties of binary solvent; b) composition of possible associates AN-water; c) composition of starting [Pd(ΠΠ)x(H2O)4-x]2+ complexes. The adequate description of bimodal dependency was obtained in the model considering the changes of [Pd(ΠΠ)x(H2O)4-x]2+ complexes composition with simultaneous presence of an associate of (ΠΠ)2(H2O) composition
Heat engineering testing of air cooling unit of horizontal type
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ,ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΡΠ½Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π· ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ±. ΠΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ, Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Ρ, Π½Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Ρ ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
, ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π° Π½ΡΠΎΠΌΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π· ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ±.The results of the thermal tests of the section of air cooler, the heat-exchange surface of which is made up of chess package of bimetal finned tubes are presented. The methods of research are presented, the experimental stand is described, the measurement errors are given. The efficiency of the experimental stand and the accuracy of the experimental data on it are confirmed. Proposed to use the stand for researches of air cooling units with other types and sections of finned tubes.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° Π±ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ±. ΠΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ±