3 research outputs found

    ВлияниС состава Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ растворитСля CH3CN-H2O Π½Π° ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ окислСния циклогСксСна ΠΏ-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡ…ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² растворах ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… комплСксов палладия(II)

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    During the study of cyclohexene oxidation by p-benzoquinones into cyclohexanone in water-organic solutions of cationic complexes of palladium(II) it was demonstrated that the initial reaction rate R0 depends complicatedly on water molar fraction for three studied solvents: acetonitrile (AN), dimethylformamide, and dimethylsulfoxide. In order to explain the obtained bimodal dependence for the example of AN-water system, modeling of phase equilibrium in the studied system was performed. The existence of two- and three-phase immiscibility areas as well as a three-component heteroazeotrope was found. By UV spectroscopy it was stated that varying of water molar fraction in the binary solvent substantially changes the state of starting cationic complexes [Pd(АН)x(H2O)4-x]2+. For mathematical description of medium effect on R0 value three models were proposed taking into account different factors, such as: a) physico-chemical properties of binary solvent; b) composition of possible associates AN-water; c) composition of starting [Pd(АН)x(H2O)4-x]2+ complexes. The adequate description of bimodal dependency was obtained in the model considering the changes of [Pd(АН)x(H2O)4-x]2+ complexes composition with simultaneous presence of an associate of (АН)2(H2O) composition.Π’ Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ изучСния ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ окислСния циклогСксСна ΠΏ-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡ…ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ циклогСксанона Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-органичСских растворах ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… комплСксов палладия(II) ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ R0 слоТным ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ зависит ΠΎΡ‚ мольной Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ для Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ… ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… растворитСлСй: Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ» (АН), Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄. На ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ систСмы Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… равновСсий Π² исслСдуСмой систСмС, позволившСС Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ областСй Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ…- ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ…Ρ„Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ расслаивания, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ°Π·Π΅ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π£Π€-спСктроскопии установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ мольной Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π² Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΌ растворитСлС сущСствСнно мСняСт состояниС исходных ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… комплСксов [Pd(АН)x(H2O)4-x]2+. Для матСматичСского описания эффСктов влияния срСды Π½Π° Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ R0 ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ: Π°) Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-химичСскиС свойства Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ растворитСля, Π±) состав Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ассоциатов Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π²) состав исходных комплСксов Pd(II). АдСкватноС описаниС бимодальной зависимости ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ состава комплСксов [Pd(АН)x(H2O)4-x]2+ с ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ присутствиСм ассоциата состава (АН)2(H2O)

    The influence of composition of binary solvent CH<sub>3</sub>CN-H<sub>2</sub>O on the kinetics of oxidation of cyclohexene by p-BENZOQUINONES in solutions of cationic palladium(II) complexes

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    During the study of cyclohexene oxidation by p-benzoquinones into cyclohexanone in water-organic solutions of cationic complexes of palladium(II) it was demonstrated that the initial reaction rate R0 depends complicatedly on water molar fraction for three studied solvents: acetonitrile (AN), dimethylformamide, and dimethylsulfoxide. In order to explain the obtained bimodal dependence for the example of AN-water system, modeling of phase equilibrium in the studied system was performed. The existence of two- and three-phase immiscibility areas as well as a three-component heteroazeotrope was found. By UV spectroscopy it was stated that varying of water molar fraction in the binary solvent substantially changes the state of starting cationic complexes [Pd(АН)x(H2O)4-x]2+. For mathematical description of medium effect on R0 value three models were proposed taking into account different factors, such as: a) physico-chemical properties of binary solvent; b) composition of possible associates AN-water; c) composition of starting [Pd(АН)x(H2O)4-x]2+ complexes. The adequate description of bimodal dependency was obtained in the model considering the changes of [Pd(АН)x(H2O)4-x]2+ complexes composition with simultaneous presence of an associate of (АН)2(H2O) composition

    Heat engineering testing of air cooling unit of horizontal type

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    ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ– Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΈΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΠ²Π°Π½ΡŒ сСкції Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρƒ повітряного охолодТСння,Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΡ–Π½Π½Π° повСрхня якого ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π· ΡˆΠ°Ρ…ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Ρƒ Π±Ρ–ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… рСбристих Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±. Π’ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡŒ, Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎ опис Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ стСнду, Π½Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ– ΠΏΠΎΡ…ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΌΡ–Ρ€ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½ΡŒ. ΠŸΡ–Π΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ– ΠΏΡ€Π°Ρ†Π΅Π·Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ стСнду Ρ‚Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ–Ρ€Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ…, ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° Π½ΡŒΠΎΠΌΡƒ. Π—Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ використовувати стСнд для Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»Ρ–Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡŒ Π°ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ–Π² повітряного охолодТСння Π· Ρ–Π½ΡˆΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ‚Π° профілями рСбристих Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±.The results of the thermal tests of the section of air cooler, the heat-exchange surface of which is made up of chess package of bimetal finned tubes are presented. The methods of research are presented, the experimental stand is described, the measurement errors are given. The efficiency of the experimental stand and the accuracy of the experimental data on it are confirmed. Proposed to use the stand for researches of air cooling units with other types and sections of finned tubes.ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… испытаний сСкции Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ охлаТдСния, тСплообмСнная ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ состоит ΠΈΠ· ΡˆΠ°Ρ…ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚Π° бимСталличСских рСбристых Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±. ИзлоТСна ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° исслСдований, Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎ описаниС ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ стСнда, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ стСнда ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΌ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ стСнд для исслСдований Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ охлаТдСния с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ профилями рСбристых Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±
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