Institutional tool of financial policy : contractual policy

Under the market conditions, the most important role in economic subject belongs to the financial aspect – therefore, effective decisions at the micro-level are predetermined by financial policy, as realization of the strategy in the tactics of finances management is not possible if there’s none. Finances of economic subject are a component of the financial system of the Russian Federation. Together with the state financial policy, which is aimed at overcoming of consequences of the global financial crisis, there is financial policy of separate economic subjects and corporate structures. For the purpose of study of financial policy, the authors deem it expedient to clarify the definition of “policy”. According to M. Weber, policy is “striving for participation in authority or influencing the distribution of authority, be it between states or within a state between groups of people”.peer-reviewe

Modification of strength criteria and plasticity’s conditions in calculation of pavements

The article dwells upon the impact of accumulative damages on strength and placticity of materials. The authors have attempted to modify the original criteria of strength and plasticity’s conditions, based on a conventional method of accounting this phenomenon. This method consists in indroduction of measures of damage’s theory, to which the y continuity of L.M. Kachanov and w damage of Y.N. Rabotnov are traditionally refered in the limiting state equation. One of these measures is contained in a function, which is a multiplier to a stress tensor, that allows to convert the tensor of the undamaged solid into the stress tensor of the damaged solid. There are considered opportunities of such modification, both for simple criteria of Drucker - Prager, Lade-Dunkan, Mattsuoka-Nakai, Mohr-Coulomb and modern multi-surface criteria for the calculation of strength and shear strength, respectively

Atom- and Step-Economical Preparation of Reduced Knoevenagel Adducts Using CO as a Deoxygenative Agent

A highly efficient one-step Rh-catalyzed preparation of reduced Knoevenagel adducts of various aldehydes and ketones with active methylene compounds has been developed. The protocol does not require an external hydrogen source and employs carbon monoxide as a deoxygenative agent. The use of malonic acid or cyanoacetamide enabled efficient formal deoxygenative addition of methyl acetate or acetonitrile to aldehydes. The developed methodology was applied to the synthesis of the precursors of biomedically important compounds