Проблема повреждения головного мозга при кардиохирургических вмешательствах в условиях искусственного кровообращения

The paper analyzes today’s concepts on the causes of cerebral dysfunction at surgery under extracorporeal circulation. It considers the medical measures promoting the prevention of brain lesion and the ways of working out new cerebral protective strategies. Key words: psychoneurological complications, extracorporeal circulation.В статье анализируются современные представления о причинах развития нарушения функции головного мозга при кардиохирургических вмешательствах, выполненных в условиях искусственного кровообращения. Рассмотрены лечебные мероприятия, способствующие профилактике повреждения головного мозга, пути создания новых церебропротективных стратегий. Ключевые слова: психоневрологические осложнения, искусственное кровообращение

Modification of alumina matrices through chemical etching and electroless deposition of nano-Au array for amperometric sensing

Simple nanoporous alumina matrix modification procedure, in which the electrically highly insulating alumina barrier layer at the bottom of the pores is replaced with the conductive layer of the gold beds, was described. This modification makes possible the direct electron exchange between the underlying aluminum support and the redox species encapsulated in the alumina pores, thus, providing the generic platform for the nanoporous alumina sensors (biosensors) with the direct amperometric signal readout fabrication

Controlled Growth of WO3Nanostructures with Three Different Morphologies and Their Structural, Optical, and Photodecomposition Studies

Tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanostructures were synthesized by hydrothermal method using sodium tungstate (Na2WO4·2H2O) alone as starting material, and sodium tungstate in presence of ferrous ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O] or cobalt chloride (CoCl2·6H2O) as structure-directing agents. Orthorhombic WO3having a rectangular slab-like morphology was obtained when Na2WO4·2H2O was used alone. When ferrous ammonium sulfate and cobalt chloride were added to sodium tungstate, hexagonal WO3nanowire clusters and hexagonal WO3nanorods were obtained, respectively. The crystal structure and orientation of the synthesized products were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and their chemical composition was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optical properties of the synthesized products were verified by UV–Vis and photoluminescence studies. A photodegradation study on Procion Red MX 5B was also carried out, showing that the hexagonal WO3nanowire clusters had the highest photodegradation efficiency

Use of Ionic Liquid in Fabrication, Characterization, and Processing of Anodic Porous Alumina

Two different ionic liquids have been tested in the electrochemical fabrication of anodic porous alumina in an aqueous solution of oxalic acid. It was found that during galvanostatic anodization of the aluminum at a current density of 200 mA/cm2, addition of 0.5% relative volume concentration of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoborate resulted in a three-fold increase of the growth rate, as compared to the bare acidic solution with the same acid concentration. This ionic liquid was also used successfully for an assessment of the wettability of the outer surface of the alumina, by means of liquid contact angle measurements. The results have been discussed and interpreted with the aid of atomic force microscopy. The observed wetting property allowed to use the ionic liquid for protection of the pores during a test removal of the oxide barrier layer

Active removal of waste dye pollutants using Ta[sub]3N[sub]5/W[sub]18O[sub]49 nanocomposite fibres

A scalable solvothermal technique is reported for the synthesis of a photocatalytic composite material consisting of orthorhombic Ta3N5 nanoparticles and WOx≤3 nanowires. Through X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the as-grown tungsten(VI) sub-oxide was identified as monoclinic W18O49. The composite material catalysed the degradation of Rhodamine B at over double the rate of the Ta3N5 nanoparticles alone under illumination by white light, and continued to exhibit superior catalytic properties following recycling of the catalysts. Moreover, strong molecular adsorption of the dye to the W18O49 component of the composite resulted in near-complete decolourisation of the solution prior to light exposure. The radical species involved within the photocatalytic mechanisms were also explored through use of scavenger reagents. Our research demonstrates the exciting potential of this novel photocatalyst for the degradation of organic contaminants, and to the authors’ knowledge the material has not been investigated previously. In addition, the simplicity of the synthesis process indicates that the material is a viable candidate for the scale-up and removal of dye pollutants on a wider scale

The voltage-time behaviour for porous anodizing of aluminium in a fluoride-containing oxalic acid electrolyte

A systematic investigation has been undertaken of voltage–time behaviour for galvanostatic porous anodizing of aluminium in 0.4moldm−3 H2C2O4 modified by the addition of variable amounts of NH4F, in circumstances of varying current density and stirring conditions. Both the concentration of NH4F in the electrolyte and stirring of the fluoride-containing (FC) electrolyte appeared to affect the voltage–time response for anodizing aluminium, causing a decrease in the forming voltage. The voltage-reducing effect is further substantially enhanced while the solution is stirred. Despite a tenfold decrease in the anodizing voltage in the FC electrolyte, no apparent changes in pore morphology are determined from SEM observation. The phenomena described are explained by considering formation of FC electrolyte-derived species and their incorporation into growing oxide film. Keywords: Anodizing, Porous alumina, Voltage–time response, Fluoride species, Incorporatio

Effect of the anodization conditions on the growth and volume expansion of porous alumina films in malonic acid electrolyte

Galvanostatic formation of nanoporous anodic films on aluminum was performed in 0.6 mol•dm− 3 malonic acid electrolyte over a wide current density range in order to define the relationship between the anodizing behavior, oxide growth, dissolution and volume expansion of the oxide. The volume expansion and aluminum dissolution increase with raising the current density, the latter indicating an increasing potential difference across the electrolyte/barrier-layer interface. The same potential difference promotes dissociation of the acid molecules and incorporation of electrolyte-derived species into the film