Quotient graphs for power graphs

In a previous paper of the first author a procedure was developed for counting the components of a graph through the knowledge of the components of its quotient graphs. We apply here that procedure to the proper power graph $\mathcal{P}_0(G)$ of a finite group $G$, finding a formula for the number $c(\mathcal{P}_0(G))$ of its components which is particularly illuminative when $G\leq S_n$ is a fusion controlled permutation group. We make use of the proper quotient power graph $\widetilde{\mathcal{P}}_0(G)$, the proper order graph $\mathcal{O}_0(G)$ and the proper type graph $\mathcal{T}_0(G)$. We show that all those graphs are quotient of $\mathcal{P}_0(G)$ and demonstrate a strong link between them dealing with $G=S_n$. We find simultaneously $c(\mathcal{P}_0(S_n))$ as well as the number of components of $\widetilde{\mathcal{P}}_0(S_n)$, $\mathcal{O}_0(S_n)$ and $\mathcal{T}_0(S_n)$

Algebraic computing in general relativity and supergravity : space-time embeddings and higher dimensional theories

Imperial Users onl

NDM-539: IRON ORE MINE WASTE FLOODWATER EXTENT MAPPING UTILIZING REMOTE SENSING DERIVED INDICES

The collapse of two iron ore mine dams in south-eastern Brazil on 5 November 2015 is one of the recent environmental disasters. The clean-up and environment recovery would take several years and cost billions of dollars. Mapping the extent of the affected areas and monitoring the water quality deterioration is a challenge. In this study the new optical satellite SENTINEL 2 imagery along LANDSAT 8 were utilized to test the applicability of the Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) in the mapping process. The systematic coverage of the study area from the aforementioned satellites before and after the incident were studied and compared. The dynamics of LSWI, MNDWI were utilized in the delineation of the affected areas. Both quantitative and qualitative measures to assess the mine waste floodwater extent were developed. The high reflectance in both the 650-nm and 750-nm wavebands as an indication of Iron-Oxide precipitates occurrence was also tested. The study revealed that the mine tailings extended about 500 Km downstream. The affected areas and extent revealed from the study results were validated against the official figures from the Brazilian government. There was a good agreement between the study results and the published figures. The temporal variation in the Iron-Oxide precipitates occurrence was successfully mapped. In addition, visual interpretation go well with the study results. The findings of this study indicates that the proposed algorithm can be used in the timely mapping of the iron ore mine waste floodwater disaster

Variations in fish body and scale shape among Aphanius dispar (Cyprinodontidae) populations: insights from a geometric morphometric analysis

Phenotypic variations in fish body and scale shape were investigated among the three populations of Aphanius dispar (Rüppell, 1829) in Southern Iran through the use of landmark-based geometric morphometric analyses.This species is widely distributed in the region, and therefore, considerable morphological variations exist among the geographically allopatric populations. Based on the Principle Component Analysis (PCA), variation in body shape of the females is prominently related to the dorsal fin region, while in the males it is related to the dorsal fin and caudal peduncle. Moreover, the shape variations in the scales are obviously linked to the tip of anterior portion of the scales, and the left and right boundaries between anterior and posterior regions of the scales. The lateral sides of the fish scales in site I are concave, while they are laterally convex in sites II and III. The observed variation seen in the fish body shape and scales among the three studied sites are probably caused by the different ecological conditions of their habitats particularly variation in water flow

Investigation and technical comparison of new and conventional wheat combines performance for improvement and modification

Wheat is one of the most important food staff in consumption pattern of each country.  More than 50% of human energy is supplied from bread in developing countries.  Reducing of losses and waists in combine harvesting resulte increasing considerable wheat production in country.  Combine loss is less than 2%-3% in developed countries, while that of developing countries is about 15%-20% in different regions and circumstances of harvesting seasons and field conditions.  Regarding to research finding that maximum total combine losses are related to combine header loss, so it is necessary to determine precise losses and their causes to improve and modify existing combine's technical characteristics.  In this national research project that took place in three provinces of Tehran, Khorasan and Fars, effect of combine type and drum speed to grain losses and waists were investigated.  Experimental design was split plot in a completely randomized block design with three replications.  Duncan's test was used to statistical analysis of the means.  Combine type in four levels of New Holland TC 56, JD 1165, JD 955 and CLASS 68 as a main-plot and drum speed in three levels of 650, 750 and 850 rpm as a sub-plot.  Field experiments were carried out in the farmers field with two ha area. Different parameters and factors of each treatment were measured: 1. Pre-harvest loss, 2. Header loss, 3. Drum loss, 4. Cleaning loss, 5. Ground speed & combine field capacity, 6. Drum speed, 7. Linear drum speed, 8. Grain moisture content, 9. Cutting height.  The results of Tehran province show that New Holland TC 56 and JD 955 with 1.98% and 2.15% of the total combine losses are the lowest and positioned in class a while JD 1165 and CLASS 68 with 4.29% and 4.12% located in class b.  Also New Holland TC 560 has a highest combine capacity of 5187 kg/hr and gets a class of a while JD 1165 while CLASS 68 are in class b and JD 955 is in class c.  The results of Fars province show that the highest total combine loss was related to JD 955 and Class 68, 2.72% and 2.84%, respectively, and JD 1165 had the lowest total combine loss (1.61%).  The results of Khorasan province show that New Holland TC 56 had a lowest total combine loss (14.3 kg/ha) and got class a and JD 955, JD 1165 and CLASS 68 took class b, c and d, respectively.  Also New Holland TC 56 had a highest combine capacity (5,383.58 kg/hr) while CLASS 68, JD 955 and JD 1165 positioned in b, c and d classes, respectively.  Therefore, combines improvements and modifications are suggested as 1. Uniform cutting height, 2. compatible reel and ground speed, 3. using effective cutting width, 4. using proper drum speed, 5. choosing proper ground speed regarding crop density

Behavioral Intervention versus Pharmacotherapy or Their Combinations in the Management of Overactive Bladder Dysfunction

Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) refers to individuals with the following symptoms: urinary urgency, increased urinary frequency, and urge incontinence. These symptoms are not life threatening but can cause embarrassment and significantly impact quality of life. There are numerous treatment options for OAB, including behavioral therapy, traditional pharmacological therapy or a combination of the two. These options are considered the mainstay of treatment for OAB. We carried out a comprehensive systematic review of the available literature on the effectiveness of behavioral intervention, anticholinergic drugs, and their combination in the management of adults with overactive bladder, with emphasis on results from clinical trials and primary literature. Each treatment intervention is efficacious, and the choice should be based on the patient's severity of symptoms, tolerability, compliance and satisfaction with the treatment. Based on available literature, management of OAB using a combination of behavioral therapy and drug intervention is the most efficacious in terms of patient satisfaction, perceived improvement, and reduction of bladder symptoms. It is also the most practical and cost effective for optimal management of patients with OAB. Pharmacological treatment, in addition to behavioral therapy, remains important in the management of adults with OAB syndrome