Структура и газочувствительные свойства оксидных композиций WO3—In2O3 и WO3—Co3O4

Nanocrystalline tungsten oxide (WO3), indium oxide (In2O3), cobalt oxide (Co3O4) and mixed composites with different WO3—In2O3 and WO3—Co3O4 ratios were obtained by the sol-gel method after calcination of xerogels at 400—600 °C. The morphology, phase composition, and structural features of the materials obtained were studied by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The increase in the gas sensitivity of the joint composition compared to the initial oxides can be explained by a decrease in the crystallite size and an increase in the specific surface, as well as by the dependence of the surface state of the grains on the composition. The highest sensory response to nitrogen dioxide in both compositions lies in the range of 130—150 °C, and to carbon monoxide, above 230 °C. Low-power planar nitrogen dioxide sensors with a sensitivity of << 1 ppm and power consumption ≤ 85 mW were produced.Создание оксидных композиций является одним из перспективных способов увеличения чувствительности и селективности полупроводниковых газовых сенсоров на основе SnO2, In2O3, WO3 и других оксидов. Исследовали нанокристаллические оксид вольфрама (WO3), оксид индия (In2O3), оксид кобальта (Co3O4) и смешанные композиты с различными соотношениями WO3—In2O3 и WO3—Co3O4, полученные золь-гель методом после прокаливания ксерогелей при 400—600 °C. Морфологию, фазовый состав и особенности структуры полученных материалов изучали методами рентгеновской дифракции, инфракрасной спектроскопии, сканирующей и просвечивающей электронной микроскопии. Установлена возможность получения стабильной микроструктуры в наногетерогенных композициях WO3—In2O3, WO3—Со3O4. Рост размера зерен WO3 и In2O3, WO3 и Co3O4 при термической обработке в смешанных композициях замедляется по сравнению с индивидуальными оксидами. Рост газовой чувствительности композиций по сравнению с исходными оксидами может быть объяснен снижением размеров кристаллитов и увеличением удельной поверхности, а также зависимостью поверхностного состояния зерен от состава композиции. Наиболее высокий сенсорный отклик к диоксиду азота в обеих композициях лежит в интервале 130—150 °С, к оксиду углерода — выше 230 °С. Изготовлены маломощные планарные сенсоры диоксида азота с чувствительностью << 1 ppm и потребляемой мощностью ≤ 85 мВт

Высокотеплопроводная карбидокремниевая керамика для крупногабаритной космической оптики

The paper describes the important aspects of the developed technology for manufacturing silicon-carbide substrates for optical mirrors intended for future use in space applications. It is shown that the material with the best combination of thermophysical and mechanical properties (Maksutov’s criterion) among the known analogs used for making astronomical mirrors is obtained. The characteristics of a mirror made of a lightweight mirror substrate with a diameter of 205 mm are described, compared with the parameters of most known mirrors made of silicon carbide for various space missions and as proto types. It is shown that the produced substrate is characterized by a rather low specific gravity – 16.5 kg/m2, which is comparable with the indicators of the best world analogues.Описаны важные аспекты разработанной технологии изготовления карбидокремниевых подложек для оптических зеркал, предназначенных для перспективного использования в космических приложениях. Показано, что получен материал с лучшим сочетанием теплофизических и механических свойств (критерий Максутова) среди известных аналогов, применяемых при создании астрономических зеркал. Описаны характеристики изготовленной из него облегченной подложки зеркала диаметром 205 мм, проведено сравнение с параметрами большинства известных зеркал, изготовленных из карбида кремния для различных космических миссий и в качестве опытных образцов. Показано, что изготовленная подложка характеризуется низкой удельной массой – 16,5 кг/м2, что сопоставимо с показателями лучших мировых аналогов

НАУЧНАЯ ШКОЛА АКАДЕМИКА В.И. ШВЕЦА: БИОНАНОФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ НАПРАВЛЕННОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ И ПОДГОТОВКА КАДРОВ

The results of many years of scientific research in the field of physico-chemical biology and its most important direction - lipidology, conducted by the leading scientific school under the leadership of Academician RAS Vitaly I. Shvets, are reported. On the creation of synthetic, biotechnological methods for obtaining lipids, with the possibility of their practical use by designing on this basis effective diagnostic and medicinal products and application in practical medicine. The further development and use of methods of bionanotechnology for the development of modern medicines for directed action on the basis of increasing the effectiveness of classical drugs by their incorporation into nanocontainers is described. It is reported on the development of technologies for obtaining nanoscale forms of drugs, the study of their pharmacological properties and use in medical practice. Information is provided on the preparation of liposomal antitumor, hepatoprotective, anti-tuberculosis, cardiac preparations based on the proposed echnologies, the study of properties and the use for therapeutic purposes. The technologies for obtaining and conducting biological studies of nanoforms based on copolymers of lactic and glycolic acids of antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and a number of other drugs have been developed: It has been shown that the use of nanosized drugs can lead to a significant increase in the pharmacological effect due to various factors. It was noted that during the construction of the drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, the contents of liposomes loaded with dopamine pass through the blood-brain barrier almost 100 times better than individual dopamine molecules. Finding a substance in nanoparticles reduces its toxicity primarily due to the effect of "passive targeting". The prolonged action of medicinal substances enclosed in nanoparticles is discussed, due to their gradual release. It is noted that the targeted delivery of nanoparticles makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of the drugs by an order of magnitude. It is reported on the drug-delivery technology in the field of oncology and the use of the method of selective delivery of cytostatics to tumor tissues using the receptor-mediated endocytosis. Biological and pharmacological studies based on nanopoporous silicon on the creation of liposomal drugs for the treatment of cancer, cardiological pathologies, tuberculosis are carried out. Data on the work of the scientific and educational center for training specialists in the field of biotechnology and pharmacy are given.Сообщается о результатах многолетней научно-исследовательской работы в области физико-химической биологии и важнейшего ее направления - липидологии, проводимой ведущей научной школой под руководством академика РАН В.И. Швеца по созданию синтетических, биотехнологических методов получения липидов, с возможностью практического их использования путем конструирования на этой основе эффективных диагностических и лекарственных препаратов и применения в медицине. Описано дальнейшее развитие и использование методов бионанотехнологии для создания современных лекарственных средств направленного действия на базе повышения эффективности классических препаратов включением их в наноконтейнеры. Сообщается о разработке технологий получения наноразменых форм лекарственных препаратов, исследовании их фармакологических свойств и использовании в медицинской практике. Приводятся сведения о получении на основе предложенных технологий, изучении свойств и применении в лечебных целях липосомальных противоопухолевых, гепатопротекторных, противотуберкулезных, кардиологических препаратов. Созданы технологии получения и проведены биологические исследования наноформ на основе сополимеров молочной и гликолевой кислот противоопухолевых, противоинсультных, антибактериальных и ряда других препаратов. Показано, что использование наноразмерных лекарств может приводить к значительному увеличению фармакологического эффекта за счет разных факторов. Так, отмечается, что в процессе конструирования препарата для лечения болезни Паркинсона содержимое липосом, нагруженных дофамином, проходит через гематоэнцефалический барьер практически в 100 раз лучше, чем отдельные молекулы дофамина. Нахождение субстанции в наночастицах снижает ее токсичность прежде всего вследствие эффекта «пассивного нацеливания». Обсуждается пролонгированное действие лекарственных субстанций, заключенных в наночастицы, за счет их постепенного высвобождения. Отмечено, что адресная доставка наночастиц позволяет на порядок увеличить эффективность действия лекарств. Сообщается о технологии направленного транспорта лекарственных препаратов (drug-delivery) в области онкологии и об использовании метода избирательной доставки цитостатиков в опухолевые ткани с использованием рецептор-опосредованного эндоцитоза. Проводятся биологические и фармакологические исследования на основе нанопопористого кремния по созданию липосомальных лекарственных препаратов для лечения рака, кардиологических патологий, туберкулеза. Приведены данные о работе научно-образовательного центра по подготовке специалистов в области биотехнологии и фармации

Deflationary truth and the problem of relativistic grounds of emotivism

© BEIESP. The article discusses the Frege-Geach problem, which is considered one of the most serious difficulties for emotive meta-ethics. The paper describes how recognition of an emotive content by moral statements in the form of attitudes leads to the emergence of the Frege-Geach problem. The essence of the problem is explained, which consists in the impossibility to make a logical conclusion in a situation of mixed contexts, when the antecedent has a value meaning, and the consequent is descriptive. The authors consider one way to solve this problem, which involves the use of a deflationary theory of truth. It is proved that the adoption of deflationism about the truth makes it possible to draw a logical conclusion in mixed contexts. They also raise the question of whether the application of deflationary truth concept is sufficient to avoid the relativistic effects of emotivism on normative ethics. The authors note that the synthesis of deflationism and emotivism is not able to explain the internalism of moral statements, which always have a hidden prescriptive modality. The conclusion is made that deflationism does not allow emotivism to avoid relativistic consequences in the field of normative ethics. Therefore, the authors conclude that emotivism should be called the nihilistic theory of the rationale for moral statements

Nanoscale ceramic materials for power-efficient semiconductor gas sensors for carbon dioxide detection

In this paper investigated materials based on 0.9Ba1-xLaxTi1-yRyO3–0.1LaOCl (where R – Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) as sensing elements of power-efficient semiconductor CO2 gas sensors. During research found that the sensors on the basis of BLT with copper and nickel ions are characterized by the low values of energy consumption in comparison with other materials. Power consumption of equal fabricated sensors (70-90 mW) allows their use in energy-efficient autonomous alarm systems. In this paper were synthesized and investigated semiconductor nanomaterials based on doped barium-lanthanum titanate. The phase composition, structure and properties of the materials and operational characteristics of CO2 gas sensors on their base have been studied.Белорусский Республиканский Фонд Фундаментальных Исследовани

Nanoscale ceramic materials for power-efficient semiconductor gas sensors for carbon dioxide detection

In this paper investigated materials based on 0.9Ba1-xLaxTi1-yRyO3–0.1LaOCl (where R – Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) as sensing elements of power-efficient semiconductor CO2 gas sensors. During research found that the sensors on the basis of BLT with copper and nickel ions are characterized by the low values of energy consumption in comparison with other materials. Power consumption of equal fabricated sensors (70-90 mW) allows their use in energy-efficient autonomous alarm systems. In this paper were synthesized and investigated semiconductor nanomaterials based on doped barium-lanthanum titanate. The phase composition, structure and properties of the materials and operational characteristics of CO2 gas sensors on their base have been studied.Белорусский Республиканский Фонд Фундаментальных Исследовани

SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF ACADEMICIAN VITALY I. SHVETS: BIONANOPHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGIES OF INNOVATIVE DIRECTED-ACTION MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS AND MANPOWER TRAINING

The results of many years of scientific research in the field of physico-chemical biology and its most important direction - lipidology, conducted by the leading scientific school under the leadership of Academician RAS Vitaly I. Shvets, are reported. On the creation of synthetic, biotechnological methods for obtaining lipids, with the possibility of their practical use by designing on this basis effective diagnostic and medicinal products and application in practical medicine. The further development and use of methods of bionanotechnology for the development of modern medicines for directed action on the basis of increasing the effectiveness of classical drugs by their incorporation into nanocontainers is described. It is reported on the development of technologies for obtaining nanoscale forms of drugs, the study of their pharmacological properties and use in medical practice. Information is provided on the preparation of liposomal antitumor, hepatoprotective, anti-tuberculosis, cardiac preparations based on the proposed echnologies, the study of properties and the use for therapeutic purposes. The technologies for obtaining and conducting biological studies of nanoforms based on copolymers of lactic and glycolic acids of antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and a number of other drugs have been developed: It has been shown that the use of nanosized drugs can lead to a significant increase in the pharmacological effect due to various factors. It was noted that during the construction of the drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, the contents of liposomes loaded with dopamine pass through the blood-brain barrier almost 100 times better than individual dopamine molecules. Finding a substance in nanoparticles reduces its toxicity primarily due to the effect of "passive targeting". The prolonged action of medicinal substances enclosed in nanoparticles is discussed, due to their gradual release. It is noted that the targeted delivery of nanoparticles makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of the drugs by an order of magnitude. It is reported on the drug-delivery technology in the field of oncology and the use of the method of selective delivery of cytostatics to tumor tissues using the receptor-mediated endocytosis. Biological and pharmacological studies based on nanopoporous silicon on the creation of liposomal drugs for the treatment of cancer, cardiological pathologies, tuberculosis are carried out. Data on the work of the scientific and educational center for training specialists in the field of biotechnology and pharmacy are given