New technologies of hypotensive drug delivery in glaucoma treatment

The paper reports on promising methods of drug delivery in glaucoma treatment: contact lenses, punctum plugs, intraocular implants, subconjunctival and supraciliary injections, ocular rings, hydrogels, nanocarriers

Beta-blockers in modern glaucoma therapy. Review

Provides information about the beta-blockers: history, mechanism of action, adverse systemic and local effects, the use in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular basic forms used in Russia

METHOD OF RARE TERM CONTRASTIVE EXTRACTION FROM NATURAL LANGUAGE TEXTS

The paper considers a problem of automatic domain term extraction from documents corpus by means of a contrast collection. Existing contrastive methods successfully extract often used terms but mishandle rare terms. This could yield poorness of the resulting thesaurus. Assessment of point-wise mutual information is one of the known statistical methods of term extraction and it finds rare terms successfully. Although, it extracts many false terms at that. The proposed approach consists of point-wise mutual information application for rare terms extraction and filtering of candidates by criterion of joint occurrence with the other candidates. We build “documents-by-terms” matrix that is subjected to singular value decomposition to eliminate noise and reveal strong interconnections. Then we pass on to the resulting matrix “terms-by-terms” that reproduces strength of interconnections between words. This approach was approved on a documents collection from “Geology” domain with the use of contrast documents from such topics as “Politics”, “Culture”, “Economics” and “Accidents” on some Internet resources. The experimental results demonstrate operability of this method for rare terms extraction

Combined surgical intervention at terminal glaucoma

Purpose: to investigate hypotensive efficiency of new surgical intervention at terminal primary and neovascular glaucoma.Methods. Operation has been executed on 35 eyes of 35 patients with terminal primary (23 eyes) and secondary (12 eyes) neo- vascular glaucoma. A fornix based conjunctival flap was prepared in inferior part of a limbus. 1.5 mm transparent scleral incision 3 mm from limbus was performed. Goniocyclodialysis with spatula was carrying out. then 0.3 ml of viscoelastic solution was entered in cyclodialysis cleft. On sclera put cryoapplications, located in two ranks (on 6 in everyone). the period of postoperative follow-up has averaged 15.6±1.3 months.Results: In 1 month IOP did not exceed 25 mm hg and the painful syndrome has been stopped in all cases. In 1 year after operation normalization IOP took place on 27 eyes (77.2%), from them on 8 was local hypotensive therapy added. With 8 patients (22.8%) IOP instillation of 2 preparations remained at level of 28-30 mm Hg, however the painful syndrome was absent.Conclusion: Long-term hypotensive effect of new operation is reached at the expense of the double mechanism: reduction of production of aqueous humor for the account cryopexy of ciliary body and improvements aqueous outflow for formations cyclodialysis cleft

Estimation of the accuracy and informativeness of measuring intraocular pressure in patients with their contact lenses on by transpalpebral scleral tonometry

Purpose: to compare the tonometry results obtained by transpalpebral scleral tonometry and pneumotonometry for patients with their contact lenses on. Material and methods. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in 30 (60 eyes) patients with various refraction errors including 5 patients (10 eyes) aged 11–63 (45.0 ± 21.0) years with hyperopia of +1.75 to +9.0 D (+4.4 ± 2.6 D) and 25 patients (50 eyes) aged 12–57 (26.4 ± 13.5) years with myopia of -0.5 to -11.25 D (-4.4 ± 2.4 D). In most of cases patients used soft daily disposable contact lenses (spherical or multifocal). IOP was determined in both eyes of each patient using 1) transpalpebral scleral tonometry (EASYTON tonometer), and 2) corneal pneumotonometry. IOP was first measured when the patient was without their contact lenses, by both methods consecutively. 20 minutes after putting the lenses on, IOP was measured once again. Each measurement was taken three times and the average IOP value was determined. The data were analyzed using parametric statistics: the mean value and the standard deviation (M ± SD) of each parameter were calculated. Results. On average, patients without contact lenses showed transpalpebral IOP (IOPtr) of 16.3 ± 2.9 mmHg in the right eye (OD) and 16.6 ± 3.2 mmHg in the left eye (OS) and pneumotonometry IOP (IOPpn) of 16.0 ± 3.8 in OD and 15.6 ± 3.3 mmHg in OS. When the lenses were put on, the values of IOPtr stayed practically the same: 16.0 ± 3.9 mmHg in OD and 16.7 ± 3.1 mmHg in OS. IOPpn also changed insignificantly: 15.7 ± 2.9 mmHg in OD and 15.5 ± 2.8 mmHg in OS, but individual IOPpn data scattered more when the lenses were put on. IOPtr of hyperopic patients both with the lenses (19.5 ± 3.9 mmHg in OD and 19.7 ± 3.3 mmHg in OS) and without them (19.3 ± 2.8 mmHg in OD and 19.6 ± 3.1 mmHg in OS) was higher than IOPpn both with the lenses (14.0 ± 1.8 mmHg in OD and 14.2 ± 1.7 mmHg in OS) and without them (13.5 ± 2.7 mmHg in OD and 13.2 ± 1.6 mmHg in OS). A higher IOPtp in the hyperopic group seems more plausible because most patients in this group were significantly older than in myopic group. In hyperopic patients, IOPpn level in lenses tended to be higher than without them, while IOPtr was the same in either case. It may be due to the fact that contact lenses for high hyperopia are rather thick, which affects the air impact on the cornea during pneutonometry. In the myopic group the difference between IOPtr (15.2 ± 3.5 mmHg in OD and 16.0 ± 2.7 mmHg in OS) and IOPpn (16.1 ± 2.9 mmHg in OD and 15.9 ± 3.0 mmHg in OS) in lenses and IOPtr (15.7 ± 2.6 mmHg in OD and 15.9 ± 2.9 mmHg in OS) and IOPpn (16.6 ± 3.8 mmHg in OD and 16.1 ± 3.4 mmHg in OS) without them was insignificant. Conclusion. Transpalpebral scleral tonometry using EASYTON is an adequate method to measure IOP of patients with contact lenses on and can be the method of choice in a some of clinical cases, since its results and their repeatability are not affected by factors associated with the presence of a contact lens

Facilities of diagnosis and monitoring of optic neuropathy in primary open-angle glaucoma. Part 1

The review is focused on modern methods of instrumental diagnostics of primary open-angle glaucoma. Diagnostic possibilities and informativeness of objective measurable parameters are discussed with regard to special criteria, called clinical endpoints

Facilities of diagnosis and monitoring of optic neuropathy in primary open-angle glaucoma. Part 2

The first part of the review was focused on modern methods of instrumental diagnostics of primary open-angle glaucoma [1]. Diagnostic possibilities and informativeness of objective measurable parameters were discussed with regard to special criteria, called clinical endpoints. The second part of the review is dedicated to finding methods of early diagnosis and criteria of the progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy

Prevalence of primary glaucoma in representatives of different races and ethnic groups in Russia and in CIS

In the literature review presents an analysis of epidemiological researches carried out in Russia and CIS on the study of the prevalence of different types of glaucoma, depending on race and ethnicity