Encounter with disaster: a medical diary of Hiroshima, 1945. Condensed from the original publication, 1965.

The effects of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 are described. Immediately after the bombing, Japanese civilian and military authorities mobilized an intense effort to provide help to the damaged cities and their inhabitants. At the same time, research was undertaken by the Japanese in an attempt to determine the nature of the effects of the bombs on the population. Some weeks later, the American armed services and the Manhattan District also organized an investigation of these effects. This memoir describes the early days of the American research effort, its integration with the Japanese program, and the development of a Joint Commission to study the effects of the bombing. After the first rapid survey, described in this paper, the effort was reorganized and continued under the sponsorship of the National Research Councils of America and Japan as the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission

Intranasal and Intraperitoneal Infection of the Mouse with Coccidioides immitis *

With the recognition of San Joaquin Valley fever4 ' 5 as the primary form of coccidioidomycosis, "the experimental production of pulmonary infection with Coccidioides immitis has become a problem of practical importance."3 Since man generally recovers from this phase of the infection, the acute pathological changes induced remain undetermined,7 in contrast to the well-established reaction of the chronic coccidioidal granuloma. The effect of Coccidioides immitis on the rabbit and guinea-pig has been extensively investigated. Relatively little, however, is at hand regarding the changes induced in the mouse, an animal, nevertheless, of well-established susceptibility to the fungus, and one which has recently even become suspect of serving as a reservoir of the infection in the desert.6 Experimentally induced coccidioidomycosis in this animal, furthermore, affords an opportunity to observe the acute reaction to the fungus, a phase of the infection in man concerning which no information is available. The main object of this report is to describe the production of pulmonary infection in the mouse following intranasal instillation of the fungus, and to present the acute and chronic pathological changes induced by intranasal and intraperitoneal infection. Materials and methods The fungus: The following strains of Coccidioides immitis were used: Strain J. F. F.: isolated from the sputum of a recent case of primary coccidioidomycosis at the New Haven Hospital. Strain 190: isolated in 1934 by Dr. Robert Graves from a case o