СИСТЕМА КОНТРОЛЯ ВОЗДУШНОГО ЗАЗОРА ГИДРОГЕНЕРАТОРОВ

In this paper, we report of the solving the actual problem of control the air gap in the hydrogenerators. The aim of the study was development of a computerized information-measuring system for measuring the air gap in the hydrogenator, which used two capacitive sensors with parallel coplanar electrodes, and the method of determining the shape of the envelope parameters hydrogenerator rotor poles relative to the center axis of rotation, using the measurement results of the air gap.In practical studies of the sensor circuit it has been shown that its use allows for the informative value of the sensor capacitance conversion function to obtain a high accuracy and resolution measurement with digital linearization of converting function of the sensor with use program utility. To determine the form deviations of the envelope line of the rotor pole from the ideal cylinder, which is one of the main structural defects of the technological errors as results the distortion of the shape of the air gap in the hydrogenator, when the machine was manufacture and assembly. It is proposed to describe the shape of the envelope to use a Fourier transform. Calculation of the coefficients of the Fourier series is performed using the method of least squares as the regression coefficients.Application of this method in processing the measuring data in a computerized information-measuring system the developed with the primary converter with coplanar parallel electrodes allowed attaining the high measurement accuracy and resolution informative in magnitude of the capacity.Повышение надежности работы гидрогенераторов неразрывно связано со своевременным выявлением дефектов во время их работы. Для решения этой задачи перспективным является анализ контрольно-диагностических параметров. Целью работы являлась разработка компьютеризированной информационно-измерительной системы для измерения воздушного зазора в гидрогенераторе, в которой применены два емкостных сенсора с параллельными компланарными электродами. Рассмотрен способ определения параметров формы огибающей полюсов ротора гидрогенератора относительно центра оси вращения с использованием результатов измерения воздушного зазора системой.На основе практических исследований системы показано, что ее применение позволяет по величине информативной емкости получить высокую точность и разрешающую способность измерений зазора с возможностью линеаризации функции преобразования сенсора программным путем. Для определения отклонения формы огибающей полюсов ротора от идеального цилиндра предложено форму огибающей описывать с помощью ряда Фурье, а вычисление коэффициентов ряда производить как коэффициентов регрессии с помощью метода наименьших квадратов.Применение данного метода при обработке измерительной информации компьютеризированной информационно-измерительной системой в совокупности с разработанным первичным преобразователем с компланарными параллельными электродами позволяет достичь высокой точности и разрешения измерений по величине информативной емкости

ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ ХОДА ТАРЕЛЬЧАТЫХ ПРУЖИН В СИЛОВЫХ АККУМУЛЯТОРАХ СЕРДЕЧНИКА СТАТОРА ТУРБОГЕНЕРАТОРА С ПОМОЩЬЮ ЕМКОСТНОГО СЕНСОРА

The troubleproof and efficient work of powerful turbogenerators depends on the stability of their main mechanical parameters, which include the stator core pressing. The aim of the work was to describe the possibility of using a multielement capacitive sensor with coplanar electrodes to measure the movement of disk springs of the stabilizer systems power batteries in the turbogenerator stator core.The state of the core pressurizer can be indirectly assessed by measuring the displacement of the disk springs in power accumulators, which are installed on the tightening prism of the core instead of the compression nuts. To measure the movement of springs, a coplanar capacitive sensor with sectoral electrodes built into the power accumulators design is proposed. Each sector contains its own elementary sensor formed by coplanar electrodes. Each elementary sensor in each sector is placed on an annular dielectric plate and is formed by coplanar electrodes that are part of coaxial concentric rings. The sensor consists of a high-potential, low-potential and grounded electrodes. A grounded electrode is located between the high-potential and low-potential electrodes, as well as around them.A simplified analytical calculation model for obtaining the analytical response characteristic of the change in the informative component of the sensor electric capacity on the course of the disk springs in the CA is presented. The reliability of the model and the response characteristics are confirmed experimentally by testing a laboratory prototype of a capacitive sensor.Безаварийная и эффективная работа мощных турбогенераторов в значительной степени зависит от стабильности их основных механических параметров, к которым относится давление прессовки сердечника статора. Целью работы являлось обоснование возможности применения многоэлементного емкостного сенсора с компланарными электродами для измерения хода тарельчатых пружин в силовых аккумуляторах систем стабилизации давления сердечника статора турбогенератора.Состояние прессовки сердечника косвенным образом можно оценить, измеряя ход тарельчатых пружин в силовых аккумуляторах, которые устанавливаются на стяжных призмах сердечника вместо стяжных гаек. Для измерения хода пружин предложено применение компланарного емкостного сенсора с секторальными электродами, который встраивается в конструкцию силовых аккумуляторов. Каждый сектор содержит свой элементарный сенсор, который размещен на кольцевой диэлектрической пластине и образован компланарными электродами, являющимися составной частью соосных концентрических колец, образующих компланарный емкостной сенсор. Сенсор состоит из высокопотенциального, низкопотенциального и заземленного электродов. Заземленный электрод расположен между высокопотенциальным и низкопотенциальным электродами, а также вокруг них.Приведена упрощенная аналитическая модель расчета для получения аналитической зависимости изменения информативной составляющей электрической емкости сенсора от хода тарельчатых пружин в силовых аккумуляторах. Достоверность модели и характеристики зависимости подтверждена экспериментально при испытании лабораторного образца емкостного сенсора

Измерительный преобразователь для ёмкостного сенсора воздушного зазора в гидрогенераторе

One of the most important parameters of powerful hydro generators (HG) is the air gap between the rotor and the stator, and its deviation from the set norms is a defect that can lead to serious accidents. Therefore, the size and shape of the gap must be monitored both during inspections and during operation of the machine. The aim of this paper was to develop a secondary measuring transducer providing accuracy and resolution for a capacitive gap sensor formed by coplanar parallel electrodes.It is shown that the reliability and safety of operation of powerful HG inextricably depend on the timely detection of their defects, especially during operation. One of the most important parameters of the HG is the air gap between the rotor and the stator, and its deviation from the set norms is a defect that can lead to serious accidents. Therefore, the size and shape of the gap must be monitored both: during inspections and during operation of the machine. The paper discusses the features of measuring the air gap in a powerful HG, as well as existing modern methods and means of measurement.It is shown that for measuring the gap in capsule HG, one of the most suitable means is a meter, which includes a capacitive sensor mounted on a central bore of the stator core. Commercially available gap meters with capacitive sensors are not suitable for use on HGs. Commercially available meters with capacitive sensors, by their certain characteristics, are not always suitable for use on HGs.A secondary measuring transducer with improved characteristics is proposed for a capacitive gap sensor formed by coplanar parallel electrodes.The converter is developed on the basis of a balanced compensation bridge measuring circuit. The control action in the device is formed by the phase of the unbalancing signal.The structural diagram of the converter is presented and the algorithm of its operation is described. The process of forming a measuring output signal proportional to the sensor working capacitance in the circuit is considered.The use of a capacitive sensor with coplanar parallel electrodes and the proposed secondary measuring transducer will ensure high accuracy and resolution when measuring the air gap.Одним из важнейших параметров мощных гидрогенераторов является воздушный зазор между ротором и статором, и его отклонение от заданных норм является дефектом, который может привести к серьёзным авариям. Поэтому величину и форму зазора необходимо контролировать как во время осмотров, так и при эксплуатации машины. Целью данной работы являлась разработка вторичного измерительного преобразователя, обеспечивающего точность и разрешающую способность, для ёмкостного сенсора зазора, образованного компланарными параллельными электродами.Рассматриваются особенности измерения воздушного зазора в мощных гидрогенераторах, а также существующие современные методы и средства измерений. Показано, что для измерения зазора в гидрогенераторах одним из наиболее подходящих средств является измеритель, в состав которого входит ёмкостный сенсор, устанавливаемый на расточке сердечника статора. Серийно выпускаемые измерители зазора с ёмкостными сенсорами по своим некоторым характеристикам не всегда подходят для использования в гидрогенераторах.Предложен вторичный измерительный преобразователь с улучшенными характеристиками для ёмкостного сенсора зазора, образованного компланарными параллельными электродами.Преобразователь разработан на основе уравновешенной компенсационно-мостовой измерительной цепи с формированием управляющего воздействия по фазе сигнала неравновесия. Приведена структурная схема преобразователя и описан алгоритм её работы. Рассмотрен процесс формирования в схеме измерительного выходного сигнала, пропорционального рабочей ёмкости сенсора.Применение ёмкостного сенсора с компланарными параллельными электродами и предложенного вторичного измерительного преобразователя позволит обеспечить высокую точность и разрешающую способность при измерении воздушного зазора

Теорія та практика менеджменту безпеки

У збірнику подано тези доповідей та виступів учасників Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції, присвяченої питанням теорії менеджменту безпеки, безпеки особистості, прикладним аспектам забезпечення соціальної, екологічної, економічної безпеки підприємств, питанням механізму забезпечення соціоекологоекономічної безпеки регіону, проблемам забезпечення національної безпеки

AIR GAP CONTROL SYSTEM FOR HYDROGENERATORS

In this paper, we report of the solving the actual problem of control the air gap in the hydrogenerators. The aim of the study was development of a computerized information-measuring system for measuring the air gap in the hydrogenator, which used two capacitive sensors with parallel coplanar electrodes, and the method of determining the shape of the envelope parameters hydrogenerator rotor poles relative to the center axis of rotation, using the measurement results of the air gap.In practical studies of the sensor circuit it has been shown that its use allows for the informative value of the sensor capacitance conversion function to obtain a high accuracy and resolution measurement with digital linearization of converting function of the sensor with use program utility. To determine the form deviations of the envelope line of the rotor pole from the ideal cylinder, which is one of the main structural defects of the technological errors as results the distortion of the shape of the air gap in the hydrogenator, when the machine was manufacture and assembly. It is proposed to describe the shape of the envelope to use a Fourier transform. Calculation of the coefficients of the Fourier series is performed using the method of least squares as the regression coefficients.Application of this method in processing the measuring data in a computerized information-measuring system the developed with the primary converter with coplanar parallel electrodes allowed attaining the high measurement accuracy and resolution informative in magnitude of the capacity

Mechanism of nanostructure formation on a surface of CdZnTe crystal by laser irradiation

Self-organizing nanometer size structures are observed on the surface of CdZnTe crystal irradiated by strongly absorbed Nd:YAG laser irradiation (LR) at intensity range of 4-12 MW/cm2. According to this model the Thermogradient effect has the main role in the interaction process of LR and semiconductors. The surface state of the CdZnTe under the influence of Nd:YAG laser irradiation has been studied. A state has been defined by atom force microscope. The influence of LR on the photoluminescence spectrahas show that at a threshold intensity of LR I=4 MW/cm2 creation of nanometer size structure begins. A graded band gap structure with optical window was formed at the top of nano-hills

MEASURING THE STROKE OF CONE DISK SPRINGS IN POWER ACCUMULATORS OF THE TURBOGENERATOR STATOR CORE USING A CAPACITIVE SENSOR

The troubleproof and efficient work of powerful turbogenerators depends on the stability of their main mechanical parameters, which include the stator core pressing. The aim of the work was to describe the possibility of using a multielement capacitive sensor with coplanar electrodes to measure the movement of disk springs of the stabilizer systems power batteries in the turbogenerator stator core.The state of the core pressurizer can be indirectly assessed by measuring the displacement of the disk springs in power accumulators, which are installed on the tightening prism of the core instead of the compression nuts. To measure the movement of springs, a coplanar capacitive sensor with sectoral electrodes built into the power accumulators design is proposed. Each sector contains its own elementary sensor formed by coplanar electrodes. Each elementary sensor in each sector is placed on an annular dielectric plate and is formed by coplanar electrodes that are part of coaxial concentric rings. The sensor consists of a high-potential, low-potential and grounded electrodes. A grounded electrode is located between the high-potential and low-potential electrodes, as well as around them.A simplified analytical calculation model for obtaining the analytical response characteristic of the change in the informative component of the sensor electric capacity on the course of the disk springs in the CA is presented. The reliability of the model and the response characteristics are confirmed experimentally by testing a laboratory prototype of a capacitive sensor

Measuring Transducer for Air Gap Capacitive Sensor in Hydrogenerator

One of the most important parameters of powerful hydro generators (HG) is the air gap between the rotor and the stator, and its deviation from the set norms is a defect that can lead to serious accidents. Therefore, the size and shape of the gap must be monitored both during inspections and during operation of the machine. The aim of this paper was to develop a secondary measuring transducer providing accuracy and resolution for a capacitive gap sensor formed by coplanar parallel electrodes.It is shown that the reliability and safety of operation of powerful HG inextricably depend on the timely detection of their defects, especially during operation. One of the most important parameters of the HG is the air gap between the rotor and the stator, and its deviation from the set norms is a defect that can lead to serious accidents. Therefore, the size and shape of the gap must be monitored both: during inspections and during operation of the machine. The paper discusses the features of measuring the air gap in a powerful HG, as well as existing modern methods and means of measurement.It is shown that for measuring the gap in capsule HG, one of the most suitable means is a meter, which includes a capacitive sensor mounted on a central bore of the stator core. Commercially available gap meters with capacitive sensors are not suitable for use on HGs. Commercially available meters with capacitive sensors, by their certain characteristics, are not always suitable for use on HGs.A secondary measuring transducer with improved characteristics is proposed for a capacitive gap sensor formed by coplanar parallel electrodes.The converter is developed on the basis of a balanced compensation bridge measuring circuit. The control action in the device is formed by the phase of the unbalancing signal.The structural diagram of the converter is presented and the algorithm of its operation is described. The process of forming a measuring output signal proportional to the sensor working capacitance in the circuit is considered.The use of a capacitive sensor with coplanar parallel electrodes and the proposed secondary measuring transducer will ensure high accuracy and resolution when measuring the air gap