Hydrological legacy determines the type of enzyme inhibition in a peatlands chronosequence

© 2017 The Author(s). Peatland ecosystems contain one-third of the world's soil carbon store and many have been exposed to drought leading to a loss of carbon. Understanding biogeochemical mechanisms affecting decomposition in peatlands is essential for improving resilience of ecosystem function to predicted climate change. We investigated biogeochemical changes along a chronosequence of hydrological restoration (dry eroded gully, drain-blocke

Short communication: using infrared thermography as an in situ measure of core body temperature in lot-fed Angus steers

Thirty-six Black Angus steers were used in a replicated study; three replicates of 12 steers/replicate. Steers had an initial non-fasted BW of 392.3\ua0±\ua05.1, 427.5\ua0±\ua06.3, and 392.7\ua0±\ua03.7\ua0kg for each replicate, respectively. Steers were housed outside in individual animal pens (10\ua0m\ua0×\ua03.4\ua0m). Each replicate was conducted over a 6-day period where infrared thermography (IRT) images were collected at 3-h intervals, commencing at 0600\ua0h on day 1 and concluding at 0600\ua0h on day 6. Rumen temperatures (T RUM) were measured at 10-min intervals for the duration of each replicate using a radio-frequency identification (RFID) rumen bolus. These data were used to determine the relationship with surface temperature of the cattle, which was determined using IRT. Individual T RUM were converted to an hourly average. The relationship between T RUM and surface temperature was determined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. There were no linear trends between mean hourly T RUM and mean surface temperature. Pearson's correlation coefficient indicated that there were weak associations (r\ua0≤\ua00.1; P\ua

Thermoregulation of the bovine scrotum 1: measurements of free-range animals in a paddock and pen

The bull’s scrotum and scrotal cord vasculature has traditionally been regarded as a thermoregulatory device for maintaining optimal testicular temperature for normal spermatogenesis. This assumption has mostly been derived from discrete measurements using thermocouples with limited data correlating continuous scrotal temperature (ST) to body temperature (BT). From mid-summer to early autumn, four Wagyu bulls (9–18\ua0months) were surgically implanted with two data loggers (DL) logging at 30\ua0min intervals: one on the right hand side flank and the other was attached to the visceral vaginal tunic of the mid-testis. Bulls were firstly housed in a paddock (PK) for 13\ua0days and then moved to individual pens (IP), again for 13\ua0days. Repeated measures analysis modelled the long-term and diurnal trends in BT and ST. While both day and time of day (TOD) were significant effects for ST at both housing locations (P\ua

English Language

This chapter has thirteen sections: 1. General; 2. History of English Linguistics; 3. Phonetics and Phonology; 4. Morphology; 5. Syntax; 6. Semantics; 7. Lexicography, Lexicology and Lexical Semantics; 8. Dialectology and Sociolinguistics; 9. New Englishes and Creolistics; 10. Second Language Acquisition. 11. English as a Lingua Franca; 12. Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis; 13. Stylistics. Section 1 is by Robert A. Cloutier; section 2 is by Anita Auer; section 3 is by Radosław Święciński; sections 4 and 5 are by Phillip Wallage and Gea Dreschler; section 6 is by Beáta Gyuris; section 7 is by Kathryn Allan; section 8 is by Lieselotte Anderwald; section 9 is by Alexander Kautzsch; section 10 is by Tihana Kraš; section 11 is by Alessia Cogo, Tian Gan, and Ida Parise; section 12 is by Charlotte Taylor; section 13 is by Agnes Marszalek