58 research outputs found
Molecular diagnostics of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> species in pigs on private farms in the Vologda Region of the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation
The purpose of the research is to determine infection rate and oocyst isolation degree followed by identification of taxa of Cryptosporidium species in piglets of different age groups using the latest molecular genetic methods, on private farms in the Vologda Region of the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. These studies were performed in the Russian Federation for the first time. The research was performed on private pig farms located in the Vologda Region of the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation from January to September 2022. Feces were taken from piglets of different age groups, namely, sucklings under the age of 1 month, weaners (1β3 months), feeder pigs (4 months and older), as well as from milking sows. Age groups were formed taking into consideration technological parameters of keeping animals on farms. Using microscopic research methods, βpositiveβ samples were detected in which Cryptosporidium oocysts were found, and the number of oocysts was determined. Subsequently, the samples were studied using the equipment of the resource center Β«Genomic Technologies, Proteomics and Cell BiologyΒ» of ARRIAM. Cryptosporidium species were identified in samples of animal feces using high-throughput sequencing of 18S rRNA gene fragment amplicon libraries as obtained by nested PCR.Results and discussion. Cryptosporidium species were identified in each studied age group both in the animalβs presenting indigestion and the animals without any clinical sign of the disease. The average cryptosporidium infection rate was 32.4% in the animals on private farms. The most infected with cryptosporidium oocysts were feeder pigs aged 4β6 months (72%). As a result of sequencing of 18S rRNA gene fragment amplicon libraries obtained using selected primers and subsequent taxonomic analysis of the resulting nucleotide sequences, it was shown that only representatives of the Cryptosporidium scrofarum species were present in all the studied samples
Identification of the taxonomic affiliation of Cryptosporidium spp. in piglets in the conditions of the north-west of the Russian Federation using molecular genetic methods
The purpose of the research is to determine taxa of the genus Cryptosporidium species in pigs using molecular genetic methods in the north-west of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. Fecal samples were taken from pigs of different age groups on farms of different types of incorporation that differ in climatic and geographical zones and animal keeping technologies in the Vologda Region. Microscopic research methods identified βpositiveβ samples in which Cryptosporidium species were present; they were sorted out and deep-frozen. Then the samples were examined using the equipment of the resource center Β«Genomic Technologies, Proteomics and Cell BiologyΒ» of ARRIAM. The Cryptosporidium species in the fecal samples from farm animals were identified using high-throughput sequencing of 18S rRNA gene amplicon libraries obtained by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.Results and discussion. A primer system was designed for the nested PCR to amplify a potentially species-specific 393 bp fragment of the 18S rRNA gene. The sequence of the ILL_R2_ Zheng primer was modified with included degenerated positions to make the primer more versatile. As a result of sequencing of the libraries of 18S rRNA gene fragments obtained with the selected primers and subsequent taxonomic analysis of the nucleotide sequences, it was shown that all the studied samples included representatives of only one species, Cryptosporidium scrofarum
Ray-based description of normal mode amplitudes in a range-dependent waveguide
An analogue of the geometrical optics for description of the modal structure
of a wave field in a range-dependent waveguide is considered. In the scope of
this approach the mode amplitude is expressed through solutions of the ray
equations. This analytical description accounts for mode coupling and remains
valid in a nonadiabatic environment. It has been used to investigate the
applicability condition of the adiabatic approximation. An applicability
criterion is formulated as a restriction on variations of the action variable
of the ray.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
ΠΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° Π Π€ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
The purpose of the research is to determine taxa of the genus Cryptosporidium species in pigs using molecular genetic methods in the north-west of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. Fecal samples were taken from pigs of different age groups on farms of different types of incorporation that differ in climatic and geographical zones and animal keeping technologies in the Vologda Region. Microscopic research methods identified βpositiveβ samples in which Cryptosporidium species were present; they were sorted out and deep-frozen. Then the samples were examined using the equipment of the resource center Β«Genomic Technologies, Proteomics and Cell BiologyΒ» of ARRIAM. The Cryptosporidium species in the fecal samples from farm animals were identified using high-throughput sequencing of 18S rRNA gene amplicon libraries obtained by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.Results and discussion. A primer system was designed for the nested PCR to amplify a potentially species-specific 393 bp fragment of the 18S rRNA gene. The sequence of the ILL_R2_ Zheng primer was modified with included degenerated positions to make the primer more versatile. As a result of sequencing of the libraries of 18S rRNA gene fragments obtained with the selected primers and subsequent taxonomic analysis of the nucleotide sequences, it was shown that all the studied samples included representatives of only one species, Cryptosporidium scrofarum.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ β ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Cryptosporidium Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° Π Π€.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Β«ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Β» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Cryptosporidium, ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°Π»ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π¦ΠΠ Β«ΠΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΒ» Π€ΠΠΠΠ£ ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π₯ΠΒ». ΠΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Cryptosporidium Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅Π½Π° 18S ΡΠ ΠΠ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠ¦Π ).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ»Π° ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ¦Π , Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π³Π΅Π½Π° 18S ΡΠ ΠΠ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ 393 Π½.ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ILL_R2_ Zheng Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅Π½Π° 18S ΡΠ ΠΠ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° Π‘ryptosporidium scrofarum
Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π―Π’ CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM Π Π£Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠ―Π₯ ΠΠ ΠΠΠ«Π¨ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π
Objective of research: the purpose of this research is to study the infestation of young pigs by Cr. parvum in Vologda region depending on the season. Materials and methods: Seasonal dynamics of piglet invasion by cryptosporidia were studied during 2014 on the basis of two big pig farm complexes in Vologda and Cherepovetsk districts of Vologda region. Faeces from pigs up to one month of age mostly with clinical signs of diarrhea of varying severity were investigated on a monthly basis. Groups were formed out of experimental pigs (20β25 head in each) selected in each farm by the analogue principle. In total 282 pigs were examined. The faecal examination was performed using the direct smear method with the following ZiehlβNeelsen stain, also known as the acid-fast stain.Β Results and discussion: The research reveals that the diagnosis of pig cryptosporidiosis was confirmed for both experimental pig farms. Piglets were infected with Cryptosporidium oocysts during all seasons of the year. The extensity of Cryptosporidium infection in different months varied within 30,4 β 62,5 %. The total infestation by C. parvum was 45,7 %. When studying the effect of seasonality on cryptosporidiosis infestation of young pigs, it was found that in all seasons Cryptosporidium infection was registered in approximately equal number of animals at the age up to one month. The significant increase in extensity and intensity of infection was observed in autumn and spring.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ: ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Cr.parvum Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 2014 Π³. Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΆΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 1-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ. Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ 20β25 Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π»ΠΈΡΡ 282 ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠ°, Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Π¦ΠΈΠ»Ρ-ΠΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ· ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
. ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
30,4 β 62,5 %. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ C.parvum ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 45,7 %. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ 1-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Cryptosporidium Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΊΡΡΠ³Π° Π Π€
The purpose of the research is to determine infection rate and oocyst isolation degree followed by identification of taxa of Cryptosporidium species in piglets of different age groups using the latest molecular genetic methods, on private farms in the Vologda Region of the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. These studies were performed in the Russian Federation for the first time. The research was performed on private pig farms located in the Vologda Region of the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation from January to September 2022. Feces were taken from piglets of different age groups, namely, sucklings under the age of 1 month, weaners (1β3 months), feeder pigs (4 months and older), as well as from milking sows. Age groups were formed taking into consideration technological parameters of keeping animals on farms. Using microscopic research methods, βpositiveβ samples were detected in which Cryptosporidium oocysts were found, and the number of oocysts was determined. Subsequently, the samples were studied using the equipment of the resource center Β«Genomic Technologies, Proteomics and Cell BiologyΒ» of ARRIAM. Cryptosporidium species were identified in samples of animal feces using high-throughput sequencing of 18S rRNA gene fragment amplicon libraries as obtained by nested PCR.Results and discussion. Cryptosporidium species were identified in each studied age group both in the animalβs presenting indigestion and the animals without any clinical sign of the disease. The average cryptosporidium infection rate was 32.4% in the animals on private farms. The most infected with cryptosporidium oocysts were feeder pigs aged 4β6 months (72%). As a result of sequencing of 18S rRNA gene fragment amplicon libraries obtained using selected primers and subsequent taxonomic analysis of the resulting nucleotide sequences, it was shown that only representatives of the Cryptosporidium scrofarum species were present in all the studied samples.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ β ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Cryptosporidium Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³Π° Π Π€.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΊΡΡΠ³Π° Π Π€ Ρ ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ±ΡΡ 2022 Π³. Π€Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ 1 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ., ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ (1β3 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ.), ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ (ΠΎΡ 4 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ. ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Β«ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Β» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Cryptosporidium, ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ. Π Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π¦ΠΠ Β«ΠΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΒ» Π€ΠΠΠΠ£ ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π₯ΠΒ». ΠΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Cryptosporidium Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅Π½Π° 18S ΡΠ ΠΠ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ nested (Π²Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ) ΠΠ¦Π .Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Cryptosporidium Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 32,4%. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°-ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 4β6 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ. β 72%. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅Π½Π° 18S ΡΠ ΠΠ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° Cryptosporidium scrofarum
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ASV (Amplicon Sequence Variant) ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Cryptosporidium scrofarum Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³Π° Π Π€
The purpose of the research is isolation, identification, and analysis of ASV (Amplicon Sequence Variant) types of Cryptosporidia spp. in pigs in the Vologda Region of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. The research has been conducted in the Russian Federation for the first time. The research was conducted on pig farms in the Vologda Region of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation from January to October 2023. Feces were taken from piglets of various age groups, as well as milking sows. The samples were studied using the equipment of the resource center βGenomic Technologies, Proteomics and Cell Biologyβ of ARRIAM. Species of the genus Cryptosporidia were identified in fecal samples using high-throughput sequencing of 18S rRNA gene fragment amplicon libraries as obtained from nested PCR followed by βdenoisingβ, sequence combining, and restoring the original phylotypes (ASV, (Amplicon Sequence Variant)).Results and discussion. Cryptosporidia spp. species were identified in each age group studied. As a result of high-throughput sequencing of the libraries using the Illumina technology, 20 to 100 thousand nucleotide sequences (reads) were obtained for each sample after processing of which a total of 2,372 ASVs were identified. The analysis of the ASV taxonomic affiliation performed with phylogenetic analysis supplemented by an analysis using the blastn algorithm in the GenBank database showed that, in total, 10 ASVs were only present in all studied samples that had high similarity to sequences deposited in the GenBank as 18S rRNA gene fragments of Cryptosporidium scrofarum. Eight ASV types were unique and did not repeat from farm to farm. Probably, these sequences belong to local populations of C. scrofarum subspecies. Of interest is the discovery of a unique Cryptosporidium sequence of ASV8 type which is only 91.47% similar to the closest relative of the genus, which may indicate a rather distant taxonomic relationship. This type of nucleotide sequence can be further described as a new species. All identified unique ASV nucleotide sequences were deposited in GenBank.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ β Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ASV (Amplicon Sequence Variant) ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π Π€.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³Π° Π Π€ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Ρ ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ±ΡΡ 2023 Π³. Π€Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π¦ΠΠ Β«ΠΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΒ» Π€ΠΠΠΠ£ ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π₯Π. ΠΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Cryptosporidium Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅Π½Π° 18S ΡΠ ΠΠ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ nested (Π²Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ) ΠΠ¦Π Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Β«Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠΌΒ», ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² (ASV, (Amplicon Sequence Variant)).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Cryptosporidium Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Illumina Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ 20 Π΄ΠΎ 100 ΡΡΡ. Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ (ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ), ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ 2372 ASV. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ASV, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° blastn Π² Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
GenBank, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ 10 ASV, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ, Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² GenBank ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π° 18S ΡΠ ΠΠ Cryptosporidium scrofarum. 8 ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ASV ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² C. scrofarum. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Cryptosporidium ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ASV8, ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ 91,47%, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏ Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄. ΠΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ASV Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² GenBank
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ
The purpose of the research is to study the contamination of environmental objects with Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in industrial pig farm; desinfection against exogenous stages of Cryptosporidium spp. using Kenocox.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on the basis of an industrial pig breeding complex in the Cherepovets district of the Vologda region in a pigsty for 120 heads, divided into 2 sectors, as well as in a pigsty for weaning pigs and a fattening pigsty for 1500 and 2000 heads respectively. For this, scrapings were taken from the floors of the pens, walkways, and walls of feeders and examined them for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. Then, in the nursery after transferring the piglets to the rearing section, desinfection was carried out. One sector was treated with Kenocox at a dose of 0.5 L per 1 m2 with an exposure of 2 hours, the other sector β with a hot 4% sodium hydroxide solution at a rate of 1 L per 1 m2 with an exposure of 3 hours. One day after the treatment, the oocyst contamination of Cryptosporidium spp. in environmental objects in both sectors was re-examined.Results and discussion. The highest contamination of environmental objects with Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts (floors and walls of pens, feeders, floors of aisles) was found in the brood pigsty, where all the examined objects were contaminated to varying degrees (19.4%). With an increase in the age of piglets and their transfer to pigsties for weaners, and later on for rearing, there is a decrease in the contamination of the premises in which these age groups of animals are kept (10.0 and 2.5% respectively). With the desinfection of the queen-shed, as the most contaminated by oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. from the pig-breeding premises we examined, a significant effect was achieved with the use of Kenocox. Sodium hydroxide solution was found to be ineffective against Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ: ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅; ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΡΠΊΠ·ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠ°.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π° 120 Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° 2 ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ-ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅-ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π° 1500 ΠΈ 2000 Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ±Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π½Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π² ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° 0,5 Π» Π½Π° 1 ΠΌ2 Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ 2 Ρ, Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ - Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ 4%-Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° 1 Π» Π½Π° 1 ΠΌ2 Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ 3 Ρ. Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ (ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²) ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π² ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ (19,4%). Π‘ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π° Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
(10,0 ΠΈ 2,5% ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ). ΠΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π±ΡΠ» Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠ°. Π Π°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ
ΠΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΡΠΏΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Π² Ρ ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ
The purpose of the research - cattle dictyocaulosis studying under the conditions of dairy cattle breeding in Vologda oblast. Materials and methods. In 2006-2015, the main issues of the dictyocaulosis epizootology have been studied, and measures for effective therapy and prevention have been developed. Results and discussion. Infestation with dictyocaulus in different climatic and geographical zones of the oblast is dissimilar. The greatest infestation was noted in the northwest zone, and the lowest in the southwest one. A parasitizing of Dictyocaulus viviparus was found out. Infestation of animals occurs in the summer grazing season. Prevalence reaches maximum in September (82.4%) under the infection intensity, on average, 150.7 Β± 8.8 units per animal. Dictyocaulus larvae were first found in feces in the second decade of June. The most infected are animals 1-2 years old. Preparations helmicide and fesol are the most effective for dehelminthization against dictyocaulus. Given the foregoing, measures for the therapy and prevention of cattle dictyocaulosis in the non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation have been developed.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Π· ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π 2006-2015 Π³Π³. ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎ-Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π² ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅, Π° Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Ρ - Π² ΡΠ³ΠΎ-Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° Dictyocaulus viviparus. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄. ΠΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠ° Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ (82,4%) ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ, Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ, 150,7Β±8,8 ΡΠΊΠ·. Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅. ΠΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ» Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ
Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 1-2 Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ» ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ». Π‘ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π Π€
ΠΠ€Π€ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π¬ ΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ Π¨ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠ’Π Π ΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ― ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠ Π£ΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ’Π Π Π£Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠ―Π₯ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π
Objective of research:Β Β to study the efficacy of new broad spectrum anthelmintic drugs for tre ating main helminthosis in cattle.Β Materials and methods: 4 experiments were conducted to test the anthelmintic drugs used against helminthosis in cattle in conditions of Vologda region. In the fist experiment were involved 125 animals with fasciolosis divided into different groups by 25 animals in each group whichΒ got the single doses of: fascocide at a dose of 10 mg/kg, helmicideΒ -Β 5,25 mg/kg according to the activeΒ ingredient, albendazole - 15 mg/kg, fezol - 14 mg/kg, alben - 10 mg/kgΒ The efficacy of preparations wasΒ registered according to the results of coproovoscopy before and 45 days after dehelmintization. The second experiment was performed at paramphistomosisΒ in cattle with the use of the same preparations. In the 3, 4 and 5 experiments we used the same preparations at moniesiosis,Β strongylatozis of the digestive tract and dictyocaulosis in young cattle, respectively.Β Results and discussion:Β Β at fasciolosis of cattleΒ the drug efficacy was: for fascocide andΒ helmicide -Β 100 %,Β fezolΒ - 92,Β albenΒ - 76 %,Β atΒ Β paramphistomosisΒ Β 100 %, 84, 80Β and 68 %, respectively. The drug efficacy at cattle moniesiosis was: of helmicide and fezolΒ - 100 %,Β Β albenΒ - 92 %, and at gastro-intestinal strongylatozis: ofΒ fezol-Β Β 100 %, helmicideΒ - 92 and albenΒ - 84 %. At dictyocaulosis the efficacy was:Β of helmicide - 88 %, fezol β 92 and alben - 80 %.Β Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ βΒ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ 4 ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° 125 Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ 25 Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 10 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³, Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 5,25 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ, Π°Π»ΡΠ±Π΅Π½Π΄Π°Π·ΠΎΠ» Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 15 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³, ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ» Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 14 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³, Π°Π»ΡΠ±Π΅Π½ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 10 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 45 ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·Π΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². Π 3, 4 ΠΈ 5-ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π΅, ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π° 100 %, ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° 92, Π°Π»ΡΠ±Π΅Π½Π° 76 %, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ 100 %, 84, 80 ΠΈ 68 %. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° 100 ΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠ±Π΅Π½Π° 92 %, Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° 100 %, Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π° 92 ΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠ±Π΅Π½Π° 84 %. ΠΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° Π³Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π° 88 %, ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ»Π° 92 ΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΠ±Π΅Π½Π° 80 %.
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