Measurements of the Intensity of Mu-Mesons in Cosmic Rays During a Period of Unusual Solar Activity

Because of the incomplete understanding of the processes which cosmic rays undergo in the atmosphere, there is still no generally accepted treatment of the atmospheric dependent variations of the intensity or preferred method of establishing correct coefficients

The formation of the detachments of the Belarusian boundary defence at the territory of Glubokoye district in 1944

The formation of the detachments of the Belarusian Boundary Defence at the territory of Glubokoye district in 1944. On the basis of the documents have been unpublished previously. The article considers reginal peculiarities and basic events to have been held by the authorities of the Belarusian Central Rada, forming the detachments of the Boundary Defence at the territory of Glubokoye district in 1944

The formation of the detachments of the Belarusian boundary defence at the territory of Glubokoye district in 1944

The formation of the detachments of the Belarusian Boundary Defence at the territory of Glubokoye district in 1944. On the basis of the documents have been unpublished previously. The article considers reginal peculiarities and basic events to have been held by the authorities of the Belarusian Central Rada, forming the detachments of the Boundary Defence at the territory of Glubokoye district in 1944

Origins of the vagal drive controlling left ventricular contractility

The strength, functional significance and origins of direct parasympathetic innervation of the left ventricle (LV) remain controversial. In the present study we used an anaesthetized rat model to first confirm the presence of tonic inhibitory vagal influence on LV inotropy. Using genetic neuronal targeting and functional neuroanatomical mapping we tested the hypothesis that parasympathetic control of LV contractility is provided by vagal preganglionic neurones located in the dorsal motor nucleus (DVMN). It was found that under systemic β-adrenoceptor blockade (atenolol) combined with spinal cord (C1) transection (to remove sympathetic influences), intravenous administration of atropine increases LV contractility in rats anaesthetized with urethane, but not in animals anaesthetized with pentobarbital. Increased LV contractility in rats anaesthetized with urethane was also observed when DVMN neurones targeted bilaterally to express an inhibitory Drosophila allatostatin receptor were silenced by application of an insect peptide allatostatin. Microinjections of glutamate and muscimol to activate or inhibit neuronal cell bodies in distinct locations along the rostro-caudal extent of the left and right DVMN revealed that vagal preganglionic neurones which have an impact on LV contractility are located in the caudal region of the left DVMN. Changes in LV contractility were only observed when this subpopulation of DVMN neurones was activated or inhibited. These data confirm the existence of a tonic inhibitory muscarinic influence on LV contractility. Activity of a subpopulation of DVMN neurones provides functionally significant parasympathetic control of LV contractile function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

The activities of public organizations of the city of Polotsk on the preservation of historical memory about the events of the great patriotic war in the soviet period

The activity of public organizations for educational activities, propaganda about the events of the war in the region, as well as support the state of monuments established in honor of the fallen soldiers and victims of the soldiers. With the help of archival data Of the zonal state archive of Polotsk, shows examples of organizations in this direction

Liberation of Polack in the summer of 1944 as reflected in the memories of the participants of these events

This research studies of process of liberation of Polack (other names are Polotsk, Polatsk) in the summer of 1944 as reflected in the memories of the participants of these events. For the first time the researcher reviewes and introduces for scientific use the materials of the funds of Museum of Military Glory which is situated in Secondary school No. 2 of Novopolack. These materials of the funds of Museum of Military Glory which encompass questionnaires, letters and photos of participants of those events

Воинские захоронения периода Великой Отечественной войны на территории белорусско-латвийско-русского пограничья в советской практике увековечения памяти

Using archival materials from the National Archive of the Republic of Belarus, the State Archive of Vitebsk region, the Polotsk Zonal State Archive, and the Daugavpils Zonal State Archive of the National Archive of Latvia, as well as published documents of Russian archives and works of historians, this article examines the process of preserving the memory of the fallen soldiers of the Red (Soviet) Army on the territory of the Belarusian- Latvian-Russian border in the post-war Soviet period. The main conclusion is the correctness (incorrectness) of decision making by Soviet authorities at the level of districts and cities in relation to immortalization of the memory of fallen soldiers of the Red (Soviet) Army and partisans. One example of the primary analysis of a common grave in the village of Shevelevo in the Palkinskiy district of the Pskov region. The comparative analysis of the policy of preserving the memory of those who died during the Great Patriotic War, by taking into account military burials and their further memorialization at the Belarusian-Latvian-Russian border in the post-war period, gives us the opportunity to ascertain the specifics of the Soviet republics in this direction. The actions of the Soviet leadership depended on the time of liberation of the territory from the Nazis, as well as the quality of work of the “funeral teams” that were to perform the function of burial of the bodies of the Red (Soviet) Army soldiers after the end of the battle.=В статье на основе архивного материала Национального архива Республики Беларусь, Государственного архива Витебской области, Зонального государственного архива в г. Полоцке и Даугавпилсского зонального государственного архива Национального архива Латвии с привлечением опубликованных документов российских архивов и работ историков рассмотрен процесс сохранения памяти о погибших воинах Красной армии на территории белорусско-латвийско-русского пограничья в послевоенный советский период. Часть документов вводится в научный оборот впервые. Главный вывод автора заключается в том, что принятие решений советскими органами власти на уровне районов и городов в отношении увековечения памяти погибших воинов Красной армии и партизан зависело от степени ущерба в результате нацистской оккупации. Их действия в этом направлении имеют последствия, особенно касающиеся вопросов верификации и персонификации воинских захоронений, которые требуют сегодня решения. В качестве примера приводится первичный анализ братской могилы в д. Шевелево Палкинского района Псковской области. Сравнительный анализ политики сохранения памяти о погибших в годы Великой Отечественной войны путем учета воинских захоронений и их дальнейшей мемориализации на белорусско-латвийско-русском пограничье в послевоенный период дает возможность вывить специфику советских республик в этом направлении. Действия советского руководства зависели от времени освобождения территории от нацистов, а также от качества работы «похоронных команд», которые должны были выполнять захоронение тел воинов Красной армии после окончания боя.The research was funded by BRFBR and RFBR, project no. G20R-287 “People and power: occupiers, collaborators and partisans on the border territory of Belarus and North-West Russia in 1941–1944”

Immediate and sustained increases in the activity of vagal preganglionic neurons during exercise and after exercise training.

AIMS: The brain controls the heart by dynamic recruitment and withdrawal of cardiac parasympathetic (vagal) and sympathetic activity. Autonomic control is essential for the development of cardiovascular responses during exercise, however, the patterns of changes in the activity of the two autonomic limbs, and their functional interactions in orchestrating physiological responses during exercise, are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to characterize changes in vagal parasympathetic drive in response to exercise and exercise training by directly recording the electrical activity of vagal preganglionic neurons in experimental animals (rats). METHODS AND RESULTS: Single unit recordings were made using carbon-fibre microelectrodes from the populations of vagal preganglionic neurons of the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and the dorsal vagal motor nucleus of the brainstem. It was found that (i) vagal preganglionic neurons of the NA and the dorsal vagal motor nucleus are strongly activated during bouts of acute exercise, and (ii) exercise training markedly increases the resting activity of both populations of vagal preganglionic neurons and augments the excitatory responses of NA neurons during exercise. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that central vagal drive increases during exercise and provide the first direct neurophysiological evidence that exercise training increases vagal tone. The data argue against the notion of exercise-induced central vagal withdrawal during exercise. We propose that robust increases in the activity of vagal preganglionic neurons during bouts of exercise underlie activity-dependent plasticity, leading to higher resting vagal tone that confers multiple health benefits associated with regular exercise