Assessment of biospeckle activity of lemon fruit

Bio-speckle can be used as a method for analysing the activity of biological materials illuminated with laser beam.  Physically, bio-speckles are the result of scattering of coherent light on moving particles inside living tissue.  Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate bio-speckle activity in lemons and determine the age of the lemon fruit from the observation of its dynamic speckle pattern.  The speckle pattern of laser light scattered in lemon fruits were measured through their quantification.  For the quantification of the variation by bio-speckle, two different methods of image analysis were used: moment of inertia and the spatial temporal speckle correlation coefficient.  The bio-speckle activities were also characterized by the line profiles of time history speckle pattern (THSP) which contains data of time information of dynamic speckle.  Furthermore, measure of the dynamic speckle varies for fruits as their quality decrease, and the values change with the position where the images are taken

Tuning of suitable solar spectrum onto photocatalytic materials of the matched band gap using optical engineering

In this report, we have carried out work on the concept of optical engineering for tuning solar spectrum onto photocatalytic materials of the matched band gap using a holographic concentrator. Processing parameters of holographic concentrators have been designed suitably to have a control over the desired wavelength range for photocatalytic materials of the matched band gap

Percutaneous vertebroplasty: An experience of 31 procedures

A prospective study of 31 percutaneous vertebroplasty procedures (PVP) in 22 patients treated during January 2000 to December 2001 is presented. PVP was performed using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to treat vertebral collapse due to osteoporosis and vertebral metastasis, to obtain analgesia and spinal stabilization. We analyze the efficacy and complications related to the procedure. PVP is a safe, effective and a daycare surgery. It can be performed under local anesthesia and has minimal and manageable complications

Partially reduced graphene oxide-gold nanorods composite based bioelectrode of improved sensing performance

The present work proposes partially reduced graphene oxide-gold nanorods supported by chitosan (CH-prGO-AuNRs) as a potential bioelectrode material for enhanced glucose sensing. Developed on ITO substrate by immobilizing glucose oxidase on CH-prGO-AuNRs composite, these CH-prGO-AuNRs/ITO bioelectrodes demonstrate high sensitivity of 3.2 mu A/(mg/dL)/cm(2) and linear range of 25-200 mg/dL with an ability to detect as low as 14.5 mg/dL. Further, these CH-prGO-AuNRs/ITO based electrodes attest synergistiacally enhanced sensing properties when compared to simple graphene oxide based CH-GO/ITO electrode. This is evident from one order higher electron transfer rate constant (K-s) value in case of CH-prGO-AuNRs modified electrode (12.4 x 10(-2) cm/s), in contrast to CH-GO/ITO electrode (6 x 10(-3) cm/s). Additionally, very low K-m value [15.4 mg/dL(0.85 mM)] ensures better binding affinity of enzyme to substrate which is desirable for good biosensor stability and resistance to environmental interferences. Hence, with better loading capacity, kinetics and stability, the proposed CH-prGO-AuNRs composite shows tremendous potential to detect several bio-analytes in the coming future