Energy efficiency challenge of waxy oil production by electric submersible pumps

In this paper the solid wax formation in two live oils of the Samara region fields on five operating pressures with different contents of high molecular substances were examined. For both oil samples a linear relation between wax appearance temperature and pressure was obtained. The study showed the inevitable transition of wax from the liquid phase to solid in the examined live oils under downhole conditions. This fact indicates a high probability of complications during well operations of these oilfields. If measures are not put in place to prevent the deposit formation in wells, there is a chance of complete blockage of tubing and flowlines by wax. These problems will lead to decrease in well flowrates to their shutdown, thereby increasing the operation costs to remove deposits and capital expenditures of oil production. Evaluation of the conditions for the wax precipitation in oil wells will allow to develop technology of prevention and remediation of previously formed organic deposits. The potential solid wax formation depth of both wells for minimum well flowrate of 20 m3 per day are calculated. The technology of continuous injection wax inhibitor in designed depth where formation of solid wax has not been observed yet is proposed

The PHENIX Experiment at RHIC

The physics emphases of the PHENIX collaboration and the design and current status of the PHENIX detector are discussed. The plan of the collaboration for making the most effective use of the available luminosity in the first years of RHIC operation is also presented.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure. Further details of the PHENIX physics program available at http://www.rhic.bnl.gov/phenix

Modeling of cleaning of dust emission’ in fluidized bed building aspiration’ collector

This article describes one of the modern way to reduce dust emissions of pollutions exhausting into the atmosphere at expanded clay aggregates and other similar building materials manufactures applying filtering fluidized granular particulate material bed’ separator with low degree of dust leakage out from one. There is presented quasi-diffusion model featuring of process of cleaning of industrial emissions of dust in devices of tray type with the fluidized and weighted bed. There considered case of variable coefficient of longitudinal hashing intermixing within trough tray type separator in this article. It was made attempt to get meanings value of leakage’ degree dust out from separator. It was obtain in an implicit form. It was obtained and announced some results of the carried-out analysis are intended to get high efficiency of dust removal set up installations to clean emissions of aspiration scheme of the air environmental protection in production of bulk dispersed materials building construction industry

Modeling of cleaning of dust emission’ in fluidized bed building aspiration’ collector

This article describes one of the modern way to reduce dust emissions of pollutions exhausting into the atmosphere at expanded clay aggregates and other similar building materials manufactures applying filtering fluidized granular particulate material bed’ separator with low degree of dust leakage out from one. There is presented quasi-diffusion model featuring of process of cleaning of industrial emissions of dust in devices of tray type with the fluidized and weighted bed. There considered case of variable coefficient of longitudinal hashing intermixing within trough tray type separator in this article. It was made attempt to get meanings value of leakage’ degree dust out from separator. It was obtain in an implicit form. It was obtained and announced some results of the carried-out analysis are intended to get high efficiency of dust removal set up installations to clean emissions of aspiration scheme of the air environmental protection in production of bulk dispersed materials building construction industry

Laboratory investigation of asphaltene-induced formation damage

Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the degree of formation damage caused by asphaltene deposition in the pore throats in case of oilfield operation. Many wells in the Samara region oilfields are operated under high reservoir drawdown, with downhole pressure lower than the bubble point. Such wells’ operating conditions lead to a change in oil composition (light components are extracted from oil while asphaltenes are precipitated and deposited) in the near wellbore, and the productivity of the wells declines due to asphaltene deposition. The study procedure presented in the paper included the following methods: high-pressure microscopy with grain size analysis (the visual method), the near infrared light scattering method and the gravimetric method to measure asphaltenes onset pressure in oil. Formation damage was measured by the filtration method. Asphaltene concentration in oil after filtration was measured by the photocolorimetric analysis. Microcomputed tomography of the core sample was provided to visualize formation damage. In addition, fluid flow in the pore space was simulated before and after asphaltene deposition using a dynamic simulator. In the paper, reservoir oil of one of the Russian oilfields was investigated. The main results of this paper are the following: asphaltene onset pressure in oil at the reservoir temperature (48 °C) was measured as equal to 6.8 MPa which is slightly higher than the bubble-point (6.5 MPa). Oil was flowed through the core sample of the field at three different specific backpressures (at constant flow rate) and formation damage was estimated. The studies have shown that decrease in permeability of the core is caused by asphaltene deposition in the pore space. In this case, a decrease in the amount of asphaltenes in oil emerging from the core sample is observed which was proved by the spectrophotometric analysis. Via microcomputed tomography, a 3D model of the rock matrix and the pore space of the initial and damaged core sample was constructed and a decrease in porosity after formation damage was estimated. Based on the obtained 3D model of the core, computer simulation of fluid flow (in a dynamic simulator) in the initial and damaged core was performed, and the flow parameters (velocity and streamlines) were calculated. The proposed methodology including a set of physical methods to study a core before and after formation damage combined with fluid flow simulation enables predicting potential complications under the field operation

Application of Molecular Modeling to Urokinase Inhibitors Development

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) plays an important role in the regulation of diverse physiologic and pathologic processes. Experimental research has shown that elevated uPA expression is associated with cancer progression, metastasis, and shortened survival in patients, whereas suppression of proteolytic activity of uPA leads to evident decrease of metastasis. Therefore, uPA has been considered as a promising molecular target for development of anticancer drugs. The present study sets out to develop the new selective uPA inhibitors using computer-aided structural based drug design methods. Investigation involves the following stages: computer modeling of the protein active site, development and validation of computer molecular modeling methods: docking (SOL program), postprocessing (DISCORE program), direct generalized docking (FLM program), and the application of the quantum chemical calculations (MOPAC package), search of uPA inhibitors among molecules from databases of ready-made compounds to find new uPA inhibitors, and design of new chemical structures and their optimization and experimental examination. On the basis of known uPA inhibitors and modeling results, 18 new compounds have been designed, calculated using programs mentioned above, synthesized, and tested in vitro. Eight of them display inhibitory activity and two of them display activity about 10 μM