Etiopathogenesis and surgical treatment of epithelial pilonidal sinus

The aim of review. To present modern approaches to surgical management of chronic inflammation of epithelial pilonidal sinus (EPS), efficacy of treatment methods, rates of complications and relapses.Summary. Up to now there is no common judgement on etiology and pathogenesis of epithelial pilonidal sinus. All theories may be divided to two basic classes: congenital and acquired EPS. In the Russia opinions on development of this disease cardinally differ from that of foreign scientists. Traditionally in Russian domestic literature EPS is considered as congenital anomaly, while foreign researchers decline acquired etiology of this disease. Furthermore issues of optimal surgical treatment choice are solved. The long period of wound healing, postoperative pain and quite frequent disease relapses remain common in such patients. According to various authors, EPS relapse rate makes 20 to 40% irrespective of treatment method. Attempts to find the radical EPS treatment method providing the lowest pain level, small wound surface and allowing the lowest possible disability period and motor activity limitation, stimulate development of new surgical treatment methods and improvement of already established operations.Conclusion. Now methods of EPS surgical treatment should meet following requirements: be simple in performance, provide low pain, rapid restoration of work capacity and social activity. Application of modern surgical approaches strictly following indications and individual approach to choice of surgery provides maximal conformity to the specified requirements

Methods for Mesh Implantation Efficacy Assessment in Rectocele

Aim. A methodological review on mesh implantation efficacy assessment in surgery for rectocele.Key points. Specialised quiz surveys are among the most appropriate methods to assess surgical intervention efficacy. The questionnaires that enable pre- and postsurgery rectocele grading include PFDI-20 (Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory), the colonic evacuation disorder scale and Cleveland Constipation Scoring System. These surveys determine the surgical intervention efficacy dynamically in conjunction with instrumental surgery assessment techniques.Conclusion. Clinical practice at the Ryzhikh National Medical Research Centre for Coloproctology combines the originally developed colonic evacuation disorder scale (2003) and PFDI-20. The combined scales allow for a comprehensive symptom assessment in patients with rectocele and other descending perineum syndrome manifestations prior to surgery, as well as symptom dynamics evaluation postoperatively, which, in link with defecography, enables a complete appraisal of the surgical effect

TECHNOLOGY OF ELECTRON-BEAM CLEANING OF FLUE GASES AT HEAT POWER STATIONS

The article deals with electron-beam flue gas cleaning, describes the technology itself, the advantages of this technology are given, brief economic forecasts are given for the implementation of this technology in the plant cycle.В статье рассматривается электронно-лучевая очистка дымовых газов, описывается сама технология, приводятся преимущества данной технологии, даются краткие экономические прогнозы при внедрении данной технологии в цикл станции

On the Possibility of the Seawater Desalination Using Low-Potential NPP Heat

The main methods for solving the problem of fresh water scarcity are its reuse and desalination of sea water. The paper presents a project for water desalination using low-grade energy generated by nuclear power plants, based on a desalination plant operating on the principle of distillation

On the Possibility of Application of Compression and Non-Nuclear Steam Superheating for Obtaining Ultra-Supercritical Steam Parameters at NPPS

В настоящее время мировая теплоэнергетика уже начала переход на суперсверхкритические параметры пара, что позволяет увеличить КПД и снизить расход топлива, и, соответственно и сбросы вредных веществ в окружающую среду. В работе представлены результаты компьютерного моделирования вариантов тепловых схем АЭС с реакторами ВВЭР-1200, БН-1200 и БРЕСТ-ОД-300 с использованием огневого перегрева пара, а также паровой компрессии для получения суперсверхкритических параметров пара и проведена оценка эффективности использования данных тепловых схем.Today, the world fossil fuel industry has already begun the transition to super-supercritical steam parameters, which allows to increase efficiency and reduce fuel consumption, and the dischargies of harmful substances into the environment. One way to improve the energy efficiency of nuclear power plants is to improve the thermodynamic cycle. The paper presents the results of computer simulation of thermal schemes of nuclear power plants with VVER-1200, BN-1200, and BREST-OD-300 reactors a using steam superheating, as well as steam compression to obtain super supercritical parameters of steam and estimates the efficiency of using these thermal circuits

On the Question of the Possibility of Using Supercritical Steam Parameters at Nuclear Power Plants

Мировая теплоэнергетика начала переход на суперсверхкритические параметры пара, что позволяет увеличить КПД и снизить расход топлива. В работе рассмотрен вариант тепловой схемы с реактором ВВЭР-1200 при использовании повышения давления питательной воды и начального огневого перегрева пара. Приведена оценка эффективности использования данной тепловой схемы.The global thermal power industry has begun the transition to supercritical steam parameters, which allows increasing efficiency and reducing fuel consumption. The paper considers a variant of the thermal scheme with a VVER-1200 reactor using an increase in the feed water pressure and an initial firing steam superheat. An assessment of the efficiency of using this thermal scheme is given

ON THE POSSIBILITY OF EFFICIENCY INCREASING OF THE NUCLEAR FUEL USAGE AND NPP SAFETY AT NPPS WITH WWER REACTOR BY USING NON-NUCLEAR STEAM SUPERHEATING

The paper presents the substantiation of the effectiveness of using fire steam superheating in the thermodynamic circuit of a nuclear power plant with a WWER‑1200 reactor to increase the efficiency of using nuclear fuel, as well as the safety of the reactor plant.В работе представлено обоснование эффективности применения огневого перегрева пара в термодинамическом цикле АЭС с реактором ВВЭР‑1200 для повышения эффективности использования ядерного топлива, а также безопасности реакторной установки в целом

ON DETERMINING OF THE OPTIMAL THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF THE VVER-1200 REACTOR USING COMPUTER SIMULATION

The paper presents the results of computer simulation of cycle arrangements of nuclear power plants with a VVER-1200 reactor in order to obtain optimal thermodynapic parameters of the cycle

THE USAGE OF CFD-SIMULATION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE INSOLATION EFFECT AND WIND LOAD INFLUENCE ON THE EFFICIENCY OF THE SOLAR COLLECTORS

The paper presents the results of a thermohydraulic calculation of a flat solar collector using CFD to analyze heat transfer processes between a feather-type absorber and water and the weather conditions such as wind velocity on the collector operation efficiency. The results of the paper are the figures of the coolant flows inside the collector, the graphs of the temperature distribution, and the incident heat radiant (solar) flux over time and the dependence of the heat carrier temperature difference at the collector inlet and outlet on the operating time for the different values of wind velocity.В работе описан теплогидравлический расчет плоского солнечного коллектора при помощи CFD в целях анализа процессов теплопередачи между абсорбером перьевого типа и водой, а также изучения влияния погодных условий (таких как скорость ветра) на эффективность работы коллектора. Итогом работы являются полученные картины потоков теплоносителя внутри коллектора, графики распределения температуры и падающего теплового лучистого (солнечного) потока по времени, зависимости перепада температур теплоносителя на входе и выходе из коллектора от времени работы при разных значениях скорости ветра

SMALL-SIZED LOW-POWER NUCLEAR POWER PLANT WITH LIQUID METAL COOLANT FOR ARCTIC CONDITIONS

The paper presents the results of computer simulation of the design of the cycle arrange-ment of a low-power nuclear power plant with a liquid metal coolant based on the SVBR-100 reactor, intended for operation in Arctic conditions. The simulation was performed using the United Cycle CAD system