21 research outputs found
Comparaison des races bovines Charolaise, Limousine et Maine-Anjou en race pure et en intercroisement 3. Performances d'abattage des taurillons purs et F1
Cette Ă©tude concerne les performances dâabattage Ă 15 et 18 mois de 219 taurillons issus dâun croisement diallĂšle entre les races Charolaise, Limousine et Maine-Anjou et de 24 taurillons Hereford. Les rĂ©sultats des quatre races, des trois types gĂ©nĂ©tiques croisĂ©s et dâhĂ©tĂ©rosis sont donnĂ©s pour le rendement dâabattage, la composition, la morphologie et la compacitĂ© de carcasse. Le rendement vrai de la race Limousine est nettement meilleur que celui des races Charolaise et Maine-Anjou (69,5 vs 67,8 et 66,8 points Ă 15 mois, 71,1 vs 68,3 et 67,2 points Ă 18 mois), la race Hereford Ă©tant trĂšs Ă©loignĂ©e de celles-ci (63,6 et 64,2 points respectivement Ă 15 et 18 mois). Les Ă©carts observĂ©s entre races pour la proportion de muscle de la carcasse sont trĂšs importants : respectivement 7,6 et 12,7 points Ă 15 et 18 mois entre les races Limousine et Hereford. A 15 mois, la Charolaise et la Maine-Anjou accusent pour le mĂȘme critĂšre des handicaps respectifs de 1,8 et 4,7 points sur la Limousine. Ces Ă©carts sont plus importants Ă 18 mois : respectivement 3,3 et 7,4 points. Ces diffĂ©rences sont Ă©videmment compensĂ©es par la proportion dâos mais surtout par celle du gras. La race Limousine prĂ©sente en particulier une proportion de gras de carcasse identique Ă 15 et Ă 18 mois (12 points), alors que cette proportion augmente chez la Charolaise (12,4 Ă 13,9 points) et surtout chez la Maine-Anjou (14,5 Ă 17,5 points). La Hereford, qui a une proportion dâos proche de celle de la Charolaise, a des rĂ©sultats trĂšs dĂ©favorables pour la proportion de gras de la carcasse (18,1 et 23,7 points respectivement Ă 15 et 18 mois). Le rapport muscle/os est significativement plus Ă©levĂ© chez la Limousine, intermĂ©diaire chez la Charolaise et faible pour la Maine-Anjou et la Hereford. En terme de poids total de muscle, et grĂące Ă sa supĂ©rioritĂ© de rendement dâabattage et de composition de carcasse, la race Charolaise compense complĂštement le handicap de croissance (BonaĂŻti et al., 1988) quâelle a sur la Maine-Anjou ; la Limousine ne parvient Ă Ă©galer ces deux races que peu avant 18 mois. Les effets dâhĂ©tĂ©rosis, obtenus pour lâensemble des caractĂšres, sont faibles et non significatifs.A total of 219 young bulls produced from a diallel cross between Charolais, Limousin and Maine-Anjou breeds as well as 24 Hereford purebreds were slaughtered, after fattening, at 15 or 18 months. Results of the four breeds, the three crosses and heterosis are given for killing out percentage, carcass composition and morphology. The Limousin breed gave a higher killing out percentage than Charolais and Maine-Anjou (69.5 vs 67.8 and 66.8 points at 15 months, 71.1 vs 68.3 and 67.2 at 18 months). Hereford gave a much lower killing out percentage (respectively 63.6 and 64.2 points at 15 and 18 months). Differences in muscle percentage were very large : respectively 7.6 and 12.7 points at 15 and 18 months between Limousin and Hereford. At 15 months, Charolais and Maine-Anjou were 1.1 and 4.7 points below Limousin ; these differences were larger at 18 months (3.3 and 7.4 points respectively). Fat proportion remained constant between 15 and 18 months for Limousin (12 points), but increased for Charolais (12.4 to 13.9 points) and still more for Maine-Anjou (14.5 to 17.5 points). Hereford had a very high fat proportion : 18.1 and 23.7 points respectively. The muscle/bone ratio was significantly higher for Limousin, intermediate for Charolais and similarly low for Maine-Anjou and Hereford. Muscle thickness of Limousin and Charolais was superior to both Maine-Anjou and Hereford. With respect to total muscle yield, the differences in dressing percentage and carcass composition offset the superiority of Maine-Anjou in growth at 15 and 18 months for Charolais and a little before 18 months for Limousin. Heterosis effects were small and not significant
THE STUDY OF THE ACUTE AND SUB-ACUTE ORAL TOXICITIES OF THE NEBULIZED EXTRACT OF MYRACRODRUON URUNDEUVA ALLEMĂÆO IN RABBITS
Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate the acute and sub-acute oral toxicities of the nebulized dried extract of Myracrodruon urundeuva (NDEMU) leaf obtained by the spray drying technique on rabbits.Methods: In the acute toxicity study, the amount of nebulized dried extract (NDE) administered was adjusted to a dose of 2000 mg/kg of leaf powder of M. urundeuva to 6 rabbits once orally and were observed for 14ĂąâŹâ°days. In the sub-acute study, the amount of NDEMU administered was adjusted to a dose of 2000 mg/kg/day of to 6 rabbits once daily for 30ĂąâŹâ°day, orally. The appearance of toxic symptoms was observed every day, followed by each rabbits' food and drink intake. Haematological and biochemical analysis were observed and statistical analysis was performed on them. The rabbits were killed at the end of the study, and their organs were weighed and examined before organ histology were evaluated.Results: No toxic signs and no mortality were observed in the acute and sub-acute study. In the sub-acute study, the amount of dried extract administered was adjusted to a dose of 2000 mg/kg of leaf powder of M. urundeuva to 6 rabbits once daily for 30ĂąâŹâ°days, orally. No toxic signs and no mortality were observed. There were no significant changes (pĂąâŹâ°<ĂąâŹâ°0.05) in the body weights, organ weights and haemato-biochemical parameters in any of the dose levels. No related histopathological lesions were observed.Conclusion: The results indicate that the treatment of repeated doses with the dried NDEME showed low toxicity in rabbits
Comparaison des races bovines Charolaise, Limousine et Maine-Anjou en race pure et en intercroisement 2. Performances d'engraissement des taurillons purs et F1
Cette Ă©tude concerne les performances dâengraissement de 231 taurillons issus dâun schĂ©ma de croisement diallĂšle entre les races Charolaise, Limousine et Maine-Anjou ainsi que de 26 taurillons de race Hereford. Des contrĂŽles de consommation et de croissance sont rĂ©alisĂ©s entre lâĂąge de 9 mois et lâabattage Ă 15 ou 18 mois. Les animaux reçoivent ad libitum un rĂ©gime composĂ© de luzerne dĂ©shydratĂ©e (70 %) et de pulpe de betterave (30 %). Entre 9 et 15 mois, les taurillons Charolais ont une croissance supĂ©rieure de 155 g/jour Ă celle des Limousins et infĂ©rieure de 108 g/jour Ă celle des Maine-Anjou. Entre 15 et 18 mois, les Ă©carts de croissance entre races pures sont pratiquement nuls. Les diffĂ©rences de quantitĂ©s dâaliments ingĂ©rĂ©s sont plus importantes (13 % entre les races Limousine et Charolaise, 15 % entre la Charolaise et la Maine-Anjou entre 9 et 15 mois). AprĂšs 15 mois, la Charolaise se rapproche de la Limousine et sâĂ©carte de la Maine-Anjou. Vis-Ă -vis de lâefficacitĂ© alimentaire, la Limousine est supĂ©rieure Ă la Charolaise, elle-mĂȘme supĂ©rieure Ă la Maine-Anjou. Les Ă©carts sont faibles entre 9 et 15 mois (2,9 % entre les races Limousine et Charolaise, 6,5 % entre la Charolaise et la Maine-Anjou) mais importants dans la seconde pĂ©riode dâengraissement. Lâavantage de la race Limousine est alors de 9 % sur la Charolaise et de 30 % sur la Maine-Anjou. La race Hereford a une consommation proche de celle de la Limousine et une efficacitĂ© alimentaire proche de celle de la Maine-Anjou pour les deux pĂ©riodes dâengraissement. Entre 9 et 15 mois, lâeffet dâhĂ©tĂ©rosis est de 3,3 % sur la vitesse de croissance et de 1,5 % sur lâefficacitĂ© alimentaire. Il est nĂ©gatif aprĂšs 15 mois.A total of 231 young bulls produced by a diallel cross between Charolais, Limousin and Maine-Anjou breeds as well as 26 Hereford purebreds were fattened from 9 to 15 or 18 months. They were fed ad libitum with dehydrated alfalfa (70 %) and beet root pulp (30 %). Between 9 and 15 months, Charolais had growth rate 155 g/d higher than Limousin and 108 g/d lower than Maine-Anjou. Hereford growth rate was 52 g/d lower than Limousin. From 15 to 18 months, differences in growth rate were negligible among Limousin, Charolais and Maine-Anjou but all were 202 to 232 g/d above Hereford. Daily feed intake differences were higher (13 % between Limousin and Charolais, 15 % between Charolais and Maine-Anjou from 9 to 15 months). After 15 months, Charolais was nearer to Limousin and farther from Maine-Anjou. Limousin exhibited higher feed efficiency than Charolais, which was better than Maine-Anjou. Feed efficiency differences were small between 9 and 15 months (2.9 % between Limousin and Charolais, 6.5 % between Charolais and Maine-Anjou) but larger during the second fattening period. Then, the Limousinâs advantage was 9 % over Charolais and 30 % over Maine-Anjou. During the two fattening periods, Hereford was close to Limousin for feed intake and to Maine-Anjou for feed efficiency. Between 9 and 15 months, heterosis effect was 3.3 % for growth rate and 1.5 % for feed efficiency. Heterosis in these two traits was negative after 15 months
Races bovines rustiques allaitantes. Aubrac-Gasconne-Salers. Une gestion génétique organisée et efficiente
* INRA, centre de Jouy Diffusion du document : INRA, centre de JouyNational audienc
Caractérisation des aptitudes bouchÚres et qualités de la viande de trois systÚmes de production de viande bovine à partir des races rustiques françaises Salers, Aubrac et Gasconne
National audienceBeef traits, muscle characteristics of the Longissimus thoracis and meat quality attributes were measured on a representative sample of young Salers, Aubrac and Gascon bulls in order to characterise a specific beef production system for each breed. Young Salers bulls were slaughtered at 19 months of age. They got the poorest conformation and their meat the highest collagen and lipids contents with the coarsest muscle fibres. Young Aubrac bulls were fattened at 24 months of age after a 5 month fattening period following a grazing rearing period. They were the leanest and got the highest pigment content. The Gasconne young bulls were slaughtered at the youngest age (16 months) and got the best slaughter yield, the lowest pigment content and the thinnest muscle fibres. Instrumental measures of meat quality showed the Salers young bulls had the darker and tougher meat, with the higher water holding capacity when grilling. The relationships between sensory meat quality attributes and muscle characteristics showed that flavour predominantly depends on intramuscular lipids content while tenderness is related to pH, muscle fibre size and collagen content.Les aptitudes bouchĂšres Ă lâabattage, les caractĂ©ristiques musculaires du Longissimus thoracis et les qualitĂ©s de la viande dâun Ă©chantillon reprĂ©sentatif de jeunes bovins des races Salers, Aubrac et Gasconne ont Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©es afin de caractĂ©riser objectivement un systĂšme de production spĂ©cifique Ă chacune de ces races. Les taurillons du systĂšme Salers, abattus Ă 19 mois, prĂ©sentent des carcasses de moindre conformation, avec de plus fortes teneurs en collagĂšne et en lipides et des fibres musculaires de plus grosse taille. Les jeunes bovins du systĂšme Aubrac sont des âbourrets dâherbeâ, câest-Ă -dire des mĂąles entiers engraissĂ©s rapidement de 19 Ă 24 mois aprĂšs un phase dâĂ©levage Ă lâherbe. Ces jeunes bovins ont les carcasses et les viande les plus maigres avec la plus forte teneur en pigments. Les taurillons du systĂšme Gascon, abattus les plus jeunes Ă 16 mois, ont le meilleur rendement, une moindre teneur en pigments et les fibres musculaires de plus petite taille. Les mesures instrumentales des qualitĂ©s de la viande mettent en Ă©vidence que les animaux du systĂšme Salers ont une viande plus sombre et plus dure, mais une meilleure capacitĂ© de rĂ©tention de lâeau Ă la cuisson, que les animaux des deux autres systĂšmes. LâĂ©tude des qualitĂ©s sensorielles montre que la flaveur dĂ©pend prioritairement de la teneur en lipides intramusculaires et que la tendretĂ© peut ĂȘtre mise en relation avec le pH, la taille des fibres musculaires et la teneur en collagĂšne