latrogenic and Idiopathic Vocal Cord Paralysis: A Real Obligation of Endoscopic Appraisal

Background: The larynx is an inevitable mouthpiece of the human body which has to execute very associated assignment like protection, respiration, and phonation. To fulfill this mission, the larynx should be accommodated, integrated, and sensible. The vocal cord is the concern of larynx, which served all-purpose. If any occurrence due to iatrogenic, idiopathic, or any other causes shut down the vocal cord mobility, the patient is facing miserable complexity in their life. Methods: It is a cohort retrospective study of 67 cases in the department of otolaryngology and HeadNeck Surgery, Bangladesh, from 01 July 2016 to 31 June 2019

Olfactory dysfunction: a diagnostic symptom of COVID-19

Besides the common respiratory symptoms or viral pneumonia, COVID-19 is also presented with different neurological symptoms. Olfactory dysfunction (OD) or impairment of the sense of smell is one of the common neurological symptoms being reported in infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The severity varies from anosmia to microsmia or hyposmia. OD could have a potential early screening and diagnostic value besides other neurological and common respiratory symptoms. In our descriptive concise review, we aimed to elicit the manifestation of olfactory dysfunction as an early predictor of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We are also aiming to establish, OD as a quick and reliable assessment tool of COVID-19 risk, among the healthcare workers and contact tracers, which can justify self-quarantine of the person as well as recommendation for testing on a priority basis. We have also focused on, any effect to produce this symptom by the drug used for treatment in COVID-19, and if the old age of the patient showing any extra influence to develop OD in COVID-19

Recurrent Epistaxis due to Bizarre Finding of Supernumerary Nasal Tooth

A supernumerary tooth is an additional tooth that erupted more than the normal dentition. A rarer form of a supernumerary tooth is when it erupted ectopically into the nasal cavity. Since childhood, this case report describes a 32-year-old male patient with recurrent mild nasal bleeding from his left nostril. It was never investigated seriously as the bleeding was mild and infrequent. After he was recently referred to our centre, a thorough Ear, Nose, and Throat examination was done. Direct vision with Hopkins zero-degree rigid endoscope and orthopantomogram computed tomography confirmed the provisional diagnosis of a supernumerary nasal tooth. The patient was offered surgical extraction of the tooth under general anaesthesia. He denied the surgery and decided to have regular follow up. He is maintaining good health without worsening the symptoms

Good governance and market-based reforms : a study of Bangladesh

&lsquo;Good governance&rsquo; is increasingly regarded as pivotal to development in developing countries. The six indicators recognized as the most effective measurement tools of &lsquo;good governance&rsquo; across the world are: voice and accountability; political stability and absence of violence; government effectiveness; regulatory quality; rule of law and control of corruption (Kaufmann, Kraay and Lobaton, 2003: 8&ndash;9). This paper investigates how lack of &lsquo;good governance&rsquo; affects the success and sustainability of the market-based reforms undertaken in the agriculture sector of Bangladesh. The reforms have been associated with increased food grain production, improved food security conditions and easy access by farmers to agricultural inputs. However, a significant problem has arisen recently: the sale of low quality and underweight agricultural inputs sometimes at higher prices has become common. Not only is this problem undermining the positive impact of the reforms, it is also threatening their sustainability. The paper argues that the problems with regulatory quality, rule of law and control of corruption &ndash; indicators of good governance &ndash; are the underlying reasons for this problem. In the context of increasing pressures from donors to pursue market-based reforms, this paper stresses the need for integrated governance linking government, business and civil society as paramount for promoting good governance for the success and sustainability of the reforms. <br /