Modern trends and challenges of development of global aluminum industry

This article overviews complex study into modern trends and challenges of development of global aluminum industry. Dynamics, structure, and segmentation of global aluminum market are discussed in terms of systematic analysis. On this basis strategic map of the industry has been plotted and five forces of competition on global aluminum market have been determined which will influence directly on functioning and development of aluminum producing companies

Review of the Book of B.R.Tuzmuhamedov “International Law in Constitutional Jurisdiction”

The book by B.R. Tuzmuhamedov is a rare, possibly the only one edition in Russia in the genre of a reader in this sphere of international law. The book is very proficiently written and is very successful as it was sold out fast.The basis of the reader is formed by the special course taught by the Professor B.R. Tuzmuhamedov for several years. The advantage of the course is that the author simultaneously combines his research and educational activity with practical work in the sphere.The most interesting and valuable are the chapters of the reader devoted to the development of the system of the constitutional supervision in Russia, evolution of the approaches of the Russian Constitutional Court to international legal sources.In the reader there is offered a wide range of works of international jurists of the past and present. But there is a possibility to widen the list of authors included in the reader as the reviewer points out.In the conclusion the reviewer welcomes the appearance of such an important and necessary book and offers other scholars to create readers similar to that of Professor B.R. Tuzmuhamedov

60-year Anniversary of the International Law Commission

In the year of 2008 the 60th anniversary session of International Law Commission took place and the article is devoted to this subject. The author conducts a full-scale description of the history of the work of the International Law Commission highlighting major points of its activities and expressing his own opinions. For example, the author states that if the topic “independence of states” had been codified it could have been possible to avoid several international problems as in the case with the situation in Kosovo.Further on the author dwells on the subject of Soviet and later on Russian representatives participation in the work of International Law Commission.As for the anniversary meeting there were discussed 8 topics, which are enumerated and discussed in the article.Upon the whole the International Law Commission greatly contributed and continues to do so in the spheres of the law of the sea, international criminal law, law of the treaties and other spheres. In detail the author touches upon the role of International Law Commission in the development of international ecological law and the elaboration of the notion of “soft law”. The author also pays attention to the relations between International Law Commission and the International Court of justice and comes to the conclusion that their relations can be characterized as symbiosis.In the conclusion the author states that International Law Commission accomplishes very difficult but necessary work and expresses the opinion that there will be new achievements in the process of codification and the progressive development of the international law

Institutionalization of Human Rights’ Protection in ASEAN: Commentary to the Terms of Reference for the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR)

ASEAN was founded on August 8, 1967. In November 2007, the heads of ASEAN member states took historic steps towards establishing an “ASEAN Community” when they convened in Singapore for the 13th ASEAN Summit. First and foremost, they signed the ASEAN Charter, which provides the organization with a formal legal personality and expands upon its values and institutional mechanisms. Article 14 of the ASEAN Charter provides that “[i]n conformity with the purposes and principles of the ASEAN Charter relating to the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, ASEAN shall establish an ASEAN human rights body” which «shall operate in accordance with the terms of reference to be determined by the ASEAN Foreign Ministers Meeting. The Terms of Reference for the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) has been adopted on 20th of July, 2009 at the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting. The next step in this long awaited process will be at the upcoming ASEAN 15th Summit, in October of this year, where ASEAN member states will appoint representatives to the body

Regulation of Clinical Trials under the European Union Law (Summary)

The European Union is a market leader in clinical research, and this status requires uniform legislation in this area. However, all attempts to unify legislation had the opposite effect, leading to a reduction of investment in R & D area. To remedy the situation, the EU adopted Regulation, which aims to promote investments in R & D area

The International Law System

The doctrinal approaches are examined both in Russian and Western doctrines concerning the problem of international law system at modern stage. The article touches upon fundamental bases in the field of law theory. The following concepts are analyzed, for example international law system, legal system. There is also comparative analysis between the concepts. The are many questions that are analyzed: what is the definition of the international law system, what are the features of the international law system, what are the further development of the international law system. In the conclusion authors offer their own definition of the international law system

Adolescents health in Georgia: a national portrait.

The aim of the study was to assess the basic indicators of health of adolescents in Georgia. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire was adapted from the Swiss Survey (SMASH2002), translated into Georgian and other languages mainly used in schools (Russian, Armenian and Azeri). It contained 87 questions. Two-stage cluster sampling was devised. Weight was adjusted. A total of 599 classes were selected. All questionnaires before being processed into the Epidata (www.epidata.dk) were edited. The final data were analysed by SPSS 11.0. General health status was considered as excellent and very good by 34.0+/-0.8% of respondents. 21.5% claimed to never miss the school due to the illness. The frequencies of physical disability and chronic diseases were 8.0% and 5.0% correspondingly. Among health-related problems the most frequent are problems with teeth, headache and acne. 5.9% of girls had some kind of gynecological problems quite often and very often. Performed survey is a first one done among adolescents in Georgia. It gave us basic information for planning and implementation of necessary measures in order to improve the health of adolescents and raise awareness of professionals involved in health care and prevention settings for adolescents. The data can be also used for monitoring of health status of adolescents in Georgia

The Georgian adolescent health survey: methodological and strategic issues.

OBJECTIVES: To conduct a national survey on adolescent health and lifestyles in Georgia and to thus set up a database on adolescent. METHODS: A two-stage cluster sample of around 8000-10000 in-school 15-18 years adolescents are being reached through a random selection of classes in Georgia. The sample has been stratified by age, region, type of school and language. A self-administered questionnaire of 87 questions has been developed and translated into the four main languages used in Georgia. RESULTS: Up to June 2004, the researchers have reached 511 classes (9306 pupils). In total, 8039 questionnaires have been considered valid. The main concerns encountered for this survey are linked with acceptance of the survey, cross-cultural issues, political and strategic problems as well as inadequate physical environmental support. CONCLUSION: Despite Georgia's unfavourable economical and political situation, it has been possible to run a national survey on the health of adolescents, according to the usual standards used in the field. This survey should allow for 1) the identification of priorities in the field of health care and health promotion 2) the monitoring of adolescent health in the future