Oil Extraction from Millet Seed -Chemical Evaluation of Extracted Oil

ABSTRACT: The object of this study is to extract the oil from millets and evaluate the chemical properties of the extracted oil. Commercial millet oil was obtained by cold solvent extraction adopting soxhlet procedure. Quantitative and qualitative tests concerned with the non-saponifiable matter, fatty acid composition, phosphorus content representing total phospholipids, refractive index, peroxide, saponification, acid and iodine values were carried out on the extracted oil. The extracted non-saponifiable matter was fractionated into a number of chemical classes of compounds on TLC plates. The major two fractions; sterols and tocopherols were separated and extracted with ether. Gama tocopherol and β-sitosterol were the predominant tocopherol and sterol present in the millet oil. Prepared fatty acid methyl esters of the oil sample showed that linoleic (64.8 %), followed by oleic (24.2 %) and palmitic (6.1%) acids were the predominant fatty acids, in respective decreasing order. The oil contains considerable quantities of tocopherols which act both as vitamin E and antioxidant. The oil content of the seed depending on the types of extraction is low (4-7%) but due to its nature, being high in both linoleic acid and tocopherol, the purified oil might be employed as an ingredients in food formulation

A novel mechanical circulatory approach for patients with cardiogenic shock on intensive care unit: Results of a preclinical study

Objective: The capacity of the heart to maintain cardiac output can be acutely impaired as a result of myocardial infarction or other cardiac events. Medical therapy or the use of Intra-aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) may be insufficient to help the patient overcome acute cardiogenic shock. The set up of mechanical assist devices such as extracorporal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or patient relocation into the operating room requires valuable time which is often not available. The aim of our study was to test whether a minimal-invasive left-ventricular assist device (Tandem Heart™) can be transcutaneously implanted without fluoroscopy under echocardigraphic guidance in a preclinical model. Methods: Three pigs (50–60kg) were subjected to transcutaneous implantation of a novel left-ventricular assist device under guidance of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) without fluoroscopic support. The afferent cannula was inserted into the femoral vein and advanced through the inter-atrial septum into the left atrium. The efferent cannula was inserted into the contra-lateral femoral artery by Seldinger-technique, while the small centrifugal pump was placed on the upper leg of the patient, enabling a flow of 4l/min. Results: The advance of the efferent cannula from the inferior vena cava to the right atrium into the left atrium by septum puncture was performed under exclusive guidance of TEE. Conclusion: The use of the Tandem Heart™ in cases of low cardiac output syndrome on intensive care units where IABP does not suffice for treatment can be of valuable help due to simple handling and fast applicability

Replacement of failing HeartMate XVE LVAD with HeartMate II LVAD in patients awaiting heart transplantation

9 patients with a failing Heartmate XVE pulsatile LVAD and indication for LVAD replacement were switched to Heartmate II non-pulsatile LVAD. Anticoagulation was achieved with coumadin and antiaggregation with aspirin. Mortality and morbidity data were collected from the postoperative hospital stay and the follow-up period and analyzed. The reasons for LVAD failure was pump failure in all cases (n=9). Additionally, bleeding from LVAD (n=3) and LVAD infection (n=6) were further complications. The median duration of support with the Heartmate XVE LVAD was days 540d (178.6±SD). One patient had undergone 2 Heartmate VE XVE replacements prior to switch to Heartmate II. 7 patients could be discharged home after a median hospital stay of 16 days (16±SD) and are awaiting heart transplantation. 2 patients died during the operation. One patient represented massive right ventricular failure which could not be treated with emergency RVAD placement. The other patients died after presenting massive coaglopathy and building massive intracardiac thrombus formation. As the number of patients bridged to transplant with Heartmate XVE is growing, mechanical pump failure is an increasingly common issue. The use of the Heartmate 2 LVAD as a replacement device on patients with Heartmate XVE failure is a valuable option, with an acceptable survival rate in our series. Longer follow-up is needed to assess the rate of survival to transplantation

Assessing Left Ventricular Unloading and Wall Tension to Predict the Need for Durable Mechanical Circulatory Support after Peripheral VA-ECMO

Peripheral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (pVA-ECMO) has gained increasing value in the management of advanced cardiogenic shock. Unloading the left ventricle (LV) while reducing myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) are crucial for myocardial recovery during pVA-ECMO. To study the effects of a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)-directed protocol in patients on pVA-ECMO (goal: PCWP <18 mmHg), we performed a retrospective analysis of our ECMO database. In particular, we sought to identify risk factors for lack of myocardial recovery, i.e. need for durable mechanical circulatory support (dMCS) after pVA-ECMO. Following IRB approval, we identified 99 patients with advanced cardiogenic shock undergoing pVA-ECMO and at least one formal transthoracic echocardiography study (TTE) during pVA-ECMO. We analyzed demographic data, routine laboratory data, hemodynamic parameters, and TTE results. We used PCWP measurements and calculations of LV systolic wall tension (LVSWT) to assess LV unloading and MVO2 during pVA-ECMO, respectively. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney-U test and logistic regression modeling. Data are given as median (interquartile range). Survival to hospital discharge was 60.6%. 27.3% of all patients required transition to dMCS to be weaned off pVA-ECMO. 10.1% of all patients developed refractory LV distention with pulmonary edema despite maximum medical treatment and required either atrial septostomy or additional mechanical support. Minimum PCWP readings during pVA-ECMO were 12.8 mmHg (11.0-14.4) in patients without and 10.0 mmHg (8.0-17.0) in patients with need for dMCS (p=0.236). Minimum LVSWT during pVA-ECMO were 2.7 × 105 dynes/cm (2.0-3.5) in patients without and 3.5 × 105 dynes/cm (3.1-4.0) in patients with need for dMCS (p=0.002). Adjusting for age and race in a logistic regression model revealed that only post-cardiotomy pVA-ECMO and LVSWT, but not minimum PCWP were independently associated with need for dMCS after pVA-ECMO. We show that strict medical management can lead to LV unloading, i.e. minimum PCWP < 18 mmHg, in the vast majority of patients requiring pVA-ECMO for advanced cardiogenic shock. However, high LVSWT during pVA-ECMO remained predictive of need for dMCS even with unloaded LV

Pump Thrombosis following HeartMate II Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in a Patient with Aspirin and Plavix Resistance

Despite advances in pump technology, thromboembolic events and pump thrombosis are potentially life-threatening complications in patients with continuous flow ventricular assist devices. Here we describe a patient with pump thrombosis following LVAD HeartMate II implantation presenting with Aspirin and Plavix resistance and signs of acute hemolysis as manifested by high LDH, changing pump power, pulse index and reduced pump flows

Horner's syndrome following single lung transplantation

Lung transplantation have significantly improved quality of life in patients with end stage respiratory failure, however use of lifelong immunosuppressive therapy and development of bronchiolitis obliterans reflects in a 5‐year survival is less the 60%. Ophthalmic complications following lung transplantation are uncommon. Some cases of infectious and malignant ophthalmic complications have been described previously. Here we describe a case of Horner's syndrome following single lung transplantation

Metabolic Monitoring of Postischemic Myocardium during Intermittent Warm-Blood Cardioplegic Administration

In 12 patients undergoing elective myocardial revascularization with intermittent administration of warm-blood cardioplegic solution for myocardial protection, we analyzed metabolic changes by assay of global ischemia indicators (pH, lactate, glucose, and potassium), which we measured in the coronary sinus and arterial blood during the ischemic and post-ischemic periods. A typical cumulative ischemic pattern with progressively decreasing pH values and progressively increasing lactate values could not be observed in all patients. It was not the degree of lactate washout but the lactate concentration at the end of each reperfusion, that correlated significantly with global metabolic recovery time, which suggests the importance of effective reperfusion. (Tex Heart Inst J 2010;37(2):184-8