2,803 research outputs found
Study on bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women and associated factors on maternal and fetal outcome
Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition in which the normal, lactobacillus-predominant vaginal flora is replaced with anaerobic bacteria, gardnerella vaginalis and mycoplasma hominis1. It is one cause of vaginitis among pregnant and non-pregnant women and an extremely prevalent vaginal condition.Methods: The present study was conducted on all antenatal women attending OPD satisfying the inclusion criteria was taken during the study period 1st October 2012 to 30th June 2014 in GSL General Hospital, Rajahmundry was examined for bacterial vaginosis using Nugent score. All pertinent obstetric and neonatal data covering antenatal events during the course of pregnancy, delivery, puerperium and condition of each newborn at the time of birth was collected. BV was detected by both Gramstain (Nugent criteria) and gold standard clinical criteria (Amsel’s composite criteria).Results: In this study bacterial vaginosis is seen in 313 cases of educated women (62.6%) as most of them have got primary education and 187 (37.4%) cases are uneducated. In this study, symptomatic bacterial vaginosis is more common in multigravida (Bladder -23; Discharge -50) 73 (22%) when compared with primigravida 11 (6.5%) probably because of longer period of marital life. In this study antenatal risk factors like previous IUCD (4.2%) use, H/O STD’s (1.4%), husband having h/o of multiple sexual partners (1.8%) are 7.4%.No cases of smoking, alcohol, drug abuse, douching were reported.Conclusions: Both primigravida and multigravida asymptomatic cases are more when compared to symptomatic cases leading to the need for routine screening. Routine screening of antenatal women resulted in the decrease of adverse pregnancy outcome
Study on maternal and foetal outcome of pregnancy with positive glucose tolerance test by diabetes in pregnancy study group diagnostic criteria
Background: Diabetes in Pregnancy Study group, India (DIPSI) diagnostic criteria is a single step method of screening and diagnosis of gestational Diabetes. Therefore, this prospective study was undertaken to ascertain the validity of DIPSI criteria to diagnose GDM based on pregnancy outcome in Indian population.Method: The present Hospital based prospective study was conducted at OBGY department, GSL Medical College and General Hospital, Rajahmundry during 2013 to 2015. Women who were attending OBGY OPD for Antenatal check-ups within 24-28 weeks of GA during the study period were included in the study. Each mother at 24-28 weeks of gestation irrespective of last meal timing, fasting / non fasting was given 75 gm glucose dissolved in a glass of 200 ml water to drink and after two hours venous blood was collected.Result: Out of 500 cases, 26 cases are diagnosed as having gestational diabetes by DIPSI criteria and 474 cases are Normal glucose tolerant. Maximum number 53.9% of cases diagnosed as GDM by DIPSI are of age >25 yrs (53.9%), primigravida (65.7%), BMI>25 (57.7%). In present study, family h/o diabetes is a risk factor for GDMConclusion: Our results suggest that a policy of universal screening for GDM should be adopted in all antenatal clinics and 75 gm OGTT has a high predictive value. This single step procedure is a simple economic and feasible method. It serves both for the purpose of screening and diagnosis at the same time.
Dietary Salt Intake and Hypertension in An Urban South Indian Population – [CURES - 53]
Objective : The aim of the study was to determine the mean dietary salt intake in urban south India and to
look at its association with hypertension.
Methods : The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES) is an ongoing population based study on
a representative population of Chennai city in southern India. Phase 1 of CURES recruited 26,001 individuals
aged ≥ 20 years, of whom every tenth subject (n=2600) was invited to participate in Phase 3 for detailed
dietary studies and 2220 subjects participated in the present study (response rate : 84.5%). Participants with
self-reported history of hypertension, diabetes or heart disease were excluded from the study (n=318) and thus
the final study numbers were 1902 subjects. Dietary salt, energy, macronutrients and micronutrients intake
were measured using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Diagnosis of hypertension
was based on the National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.
Logistic regression analysis was used to look at the association of dietary salt with hypertension.
Results : Mean dietary salt intake (8.5 g/d) in the population was higher than the recommended by the
World Health Organization (<5g/d). Higher salt intake was associated with older age and higher income
(p for trend<0.0001). Subjects in the highest quintile of salt intake had significantly higher prevalence of
hypertension than did those in the lowest quintile (48.4 vs 16.6%, p<0.0001). Both systolic and diastolic blood
pressure significantly increased with increase in quintiles of total dietary salt both among hypertensive
and normotensive subjects (p for trend p1 teaspoon/day at the dining table was
associated with a higher prevalence for hypertension compared to zero added salt (38.5% vs 23.3%, Chi-square
= 18.95; p<0.0001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that even after adjusting for age, gender,
body mass index, total energy intake and dietary fat, total dietary salt intake was positively associated with
hypertension. [Odds ratio (OR): 1.161, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.115-1.209, p<0.0001].
Conclusion: Intake of dietary salt in urban south India is higher than currently recommended. Increasing
salt intake is associated with increased risk for hypertension even after adjusting for potential confounders.
This calls for urgent steps to decrease salt consumption of the population at high ris
Characterisation of cell-wall-derived polypeptide antigens from different species of mycobacterium
Cell walls from different species of mycobacterium were purified on a sucrose step gradient. The components derived from these preparations were characterised by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by staining or by western blotting. Surface-exposed polypeptide molecules were also identified by biotinylation. Many protein and glycoprotein molecules were identified in the cell walls. Some of these molecules were immunogenic in man and experimental animals and showed wide variability from species to species. The data suggest that these molecules could be of significance in the diagnosis and pathophysiology of mycobacterial diseases
Is mirgration a factor leading to default under RNTCP?
Objective: To study the contribution of migration to treatment default among tuberculosis patients treated under RNTCP
Methods: Retrospective study by interviewing the defaulters using semi-structured interview schedule to elicit the reasons
for default including migration.
Results: Of the 531 patients registered under TB programme in 3rd and 4th quarters of 2001, 104 (20%) had defaulted for
treatment. Among defaulters, 24% had migrated. The reasons for migration were: occupational (48%), returning to the
native place (28%), domestic problems (12%) and other illnesses (12%).
Conclusion: After initiation of treatment, patients should be encouraged to report to the provider, if they are leaving the
area, to transfer treatment to the nearest centre to ensure continuity of treatment. These measures will help to reduce
default on account of migration and achieve the desired outcome in RNTCP. Availability of treatment under the DOTS
strategy should be popularized among patients, providers and community
Canonical steering ellipsoids of pure symmetric multiqubit states with two distinct spinors and volume monogamy of steering
Quantum steering ellipsoid formalism provides a faithful representation of
all two-qubit states and helps in obtaining correlation properties of the state
through the steering ellipsoid. The steering ellipsoids corresponding to the
two-qubit subsystems of permutation symmetric -qubit states is analysed
here. The steering ellipsoids of two-qubit states that have undergone local
operations on both the qubits so as to bring the state to its canonical form
are the so-called canonical steering ellipsoids. We construct and analyze the
geometric features of the canonical steering ellipsoids corresponding to pure
permutation symmetric -qubit states with two distinct spinors. Depending on
the degeneracy of the two spinors in the pure symmetric -qubit state, there
arise several families which cannot be converted into one another through
Stochastic Local Operations and Classical Communications (SLOCC). The canonical
steering ellipsoids of the two-qubit states drawn from the pure symmetric
-qubit states with two distinct spinors allow for a geometric visualization
of the SLOCC-inequivalent class of states. We show that the states belonging to
the W-class correspond to oblate spheroid centered at with
fixed semiaxes lengths and . The states belonging to
all other SLOCC inequivalent families correspond to ellipsoids centered at the
origin of the Bloch sphere. We also explore volume monogamy relations of states
belonging to these families, mainly the W-class of states.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures; Revised version; Comments welcom
The Effect of Ordered Water on a Short, Strong (Speakman-Hadži) Hydrogen Bond
We have determined the structures of the sodium, tetrabutylam- monium (TBA) and bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium (PNP) salts of the bis(4-nitrophenoxide) anion by X-ray crystallography. The sodium salt is a dihydrate, with the water oxygens coordinated to the sodium cations, and one hydogen from each water hydrogen bonded to one of the bridging oxygens of the anion.
The TBA and PNP salts are anhydrous. Nevertheless the oxygen- oxygen distance is shortest in the sodium salt; 246.5 pm in the sodium salt, 247.5 pm in the TBA salt, and 249 pm in the PNP salt; suggesting that the hydrogen bond is not weakened by the water, and may be strongest in the hydrated salt. (All three compounds show Hadži type ii IR spectra, and are called Speakman-Hadži compounds in this paper.) The 2H chemical shifts of the bridging hydrogen in the three solids are 16.8 ppm for the sodium salt, 16.8 ppm for the TBA salt, and 16.5 ppm for the PNP salt. Again there is no evidence that the water weakens the hydrogen bond. These results can be understood by noting that the additional hydrogen bonds to the bridging oxygens decrease their proton affinity, but the mutual repulsion of the oxygens is also decreased
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