Testing of trawl-acoustic stock estimation of spawning capelin 2023

This report describes the fifth in a series of trawl-acoustic monitoring surveys of the maturing stock of capelin during the spawning migration to the coast. The survey is a response to a proposal from the industry to evaluate the possibility of using winter monitoring of maturing capelin as an input to the capelin assessment and advice. The timing and geographic coverage of the survey are such that they would be relevant to use for advice given that the output is reliable. The rental of the vessel was this year funded by the Norwegian Fishermen’s Sales Organization for Pelagic Fish. Pre-defined areas off the Troms and Finnmark coast were covered using FV Vendla. A stratified random transect design was adopted with a zig-zag transect grid covered in west-east direction over 6 strata. Echo sounders with frequencies from 18-333 kHz were run together with a low frequency ST90 sonar, and target trawls were carried out on significant pelagic aggregations. Capelin abundance was estimated using 38 kHz data. The total biomass of maturing capelin in the coverage area was estimated at 274 732 tons, with a CV of 35%. The 5% lower and 95% upper confidence limits were 128 879 and 448 768 tons, respectively. The confidence bands overlap with the uncertainty intervals in the prediction from the autumn 2022, but on the low side. Capelin recorded in the stratum covering the coast from Hjelmsøy to Nordkyn dominated in the estimate (strata 3 and 4). Ca. 86% of the total biomass was found in these two strata, and ca. 78% of the schools detected with sonar. Sonar data showed that the capelin schools in these easterly areas in general moved in a westerly direction. Very little capelin was recorded in the west and in the Varangerfjord. Age 4 capelin (2019 year class) totally dominated the sampled capelin. Mean length of the capelin was 16.03 cm, mean weight 20.3 g, and mean roe percentage was 16 with no temporal or geographical trend, but maturation had extended further close to the coast than off the coast. The abnormal low frequency response at 38 kHz observed in some of the earlier survey years, was not observed to any large extent this year. This is the fifth year that the estimate from this survey shows consistency with the estimate from the autumn survey. This is promising for the use of the survey results for advice, but it was obvious that there were maturing capelin that had not been covered, in particular in the Russian EEZ where the Russian vessels were fishing. The results from the 4 previous survey years were evaluated in a recent ICES capelin benchmark meeting in November last year, but the report from the meeting was not published by the time of the release of the present report.Testing of trawl-acoustic stock estimation of spawning capelin 2023publishedVersio

Surface structure of Hevea leaves and its importance for the interaction with fungal plant pathogens and for plant systematics.

Resumo apresentado no XXI Congresso Brasileiro de Fitopatologia, Salvador, 1988

A pragmatic randomized waitlist-controlled effectiveness and cost-effectiveness trial of digital interventions for depression and anxiety

Utilization of internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) for treating depression and anxiety disorders in stepped-care models, such as the UK’s Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT), is a potential solution for addressing the treatment gap in mental health. We investigated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of iCBT when fully integrated within IAPT stepped-care settings. We conducted an 8-week pragmatic randomized controlled trial with a 2:1 (iCBT intervention: waiting-list) allocation, for participants referred to an IAPT Step 2 service with depression and anxiety symptoms (Trial registration: ISRCTN91967124). The primary outcomes measures were PHQ-9 (depressive symptoms) and GAD-7 (anxiety symptoms) and WSAS (functional impairment) as a secondary outcome. The cost-effectiveness analysis was based on EQ-5D-5L (preference-based health status) to elicit the quality-adjust life year (QALY) and a modified-Client Service Receipt Inventory (care resource-use). Diagnostic interviews were administered at baseline and 3 months. Three-hundred and sixty-one participants were randomized (iCBT, 241; waiting-list, 120). Intention-to-treat analyses showed significant interaction effects for the PHQ-9 (b = −2.75, 95% CI −4.00, −1.50) and GAD-7 (b = −2.79, 95% CI −4.00, −1.58) in favour of iCBT at 8-week and further improvements observed up to 12-months. Over 8-weeks the probability of cost-effectiveness was 46.6% if decision makers are willing to pay £30,000 per QALY, increasing to 91.2% when the control-arm’s outcomes and costs were extrapolated over 12-months. Results indicate that iCBT for depression and anxiety is effective and potentially cost-effective in the long-term within IAPT. Upscaling the use of iCBT as part of stepped care could help to enhance IAPT outcomes. The pragmatic trial design supports the ecological validity of the findings

Inhibition of microbial biofuel production in drought-stressed switchgrass hydrolysate

Additional file 2. Maps of significant gene ontology terms for chemical genomics data. Untreated biomass composition. Detailed hydrolysate composition

A Novel Approach of Using Electrostatic Field to Reduce Thawing Time and Improve Frozen Beef Quality

Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of applying an electrostatic field (EF) on thawing characteristics, such as thawing speed and purge loss, as well as its impact on quality attributes during subsequent aging and retail display of beef. Study Description:Striploins from both sides of USDA Choice carcasses (n = 12) were collected and portioned into four equal parts (n = 48). Portions were vacuum packaged and frozen at -40°F for 14 days and randomly assigned to one of four EF thawing treatments: 0 kV (control), 2.5 kV (EF-2.5), 5 kV (EF-5), and 10 kV (EF-10). Within each EF treatment, half of the striploin portions were thawed in an inside cooler (32°F) and half in an outside cooler (36°F). The thawing process was considered complete when all striploin portions reached 30.2°F. After thawing, striploin portions were weighed and purge was collected for analysis, and portions were fabricated into steaks. One steak was used for histological analysis to assess muscle fiber damage and remaining steaks were vacuum packaged and subjected to either 0 or 14 days of aging. After the aging, steaks were placed on Styrofoam trays, overwrapped with polyvinyl chloride, and retail displayed for either 0 or 7 days. Steaks were evaluated daily for objective color as well as subjective evaluation of discoloration. After completion of the designated aging and display period, steaks were utilized for Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), sarcomere length, lipid oxidation, pH, and myofibrillar protein degradation analysis. Results: There was an increase in purge loss for all EF samples compared to the control in the outside cooler location (P\u3c0.05). Application of EF did not reduce thawing times (P\u3e0.05), with EF-10 taking longer to reach the targeted 30.2°F (P\u3c0.05). All EF treatments reduced purge aerobic plate count (P\u3c0.01) in the outside cooler location. The EF-10 had lower WBSF (P\u3c0.05), and EF-10 samples from the outside cooler location tended to have greater muscle fiber spacing (P= 0.09). For the 0-day aged samples, EF-5 on day 7 resulted in more discoloration than the rest of the treatments (P\u3c0.05). In samples aged for 14 days, the EF-5 and EF-2.5 had less discoloration than the control and EF-10 (P\u3c0.05). When looking at the impact of EF on a* (redness), EF-5 had higher a* values (more redness) than the control and EF-2.5 on days 4 and 5 of retail display (P\u3c0.05). The EF applications did not alter myofibrillar protein degradation, sarcomere length, lipid oxidation, and purge protein concentrations (P\u3e0.05). The Bottom Line:The application of EF during thawing did not reduce purge loss and thawing times but showed potential as an antimicrobial intervention and color stabilizer

The Orphan G Protein-coupled Receptors GPR41 and GPR43 Are Activated by Propionate and Other Short Chain Carboxylic Acids

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The injury epidemiology of cyclists based on a road trauma registry

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bicycle use has increased in some of France's major cities, mainly as a means of transport. Bicycle crashes need to be studied, preferably by type of cycling. Here we conduct a descriptive analysis.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>A road trauma registry has been in use in France since 1996, in a large county around Lyon (the Rhône, population 1.6 million). It covers outpatients, inpatients and fatalities. All injuries are coded using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). Proxies were used to identify three types of cycling: learning = children (0-10 years old); sports cycling = teenagers and adults injured outside towns; cycling as means of transport = teenagers and adults injured in towns. The study is based on 13,684 cyclist casualties (1996-2008).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The percentage of cyclists injured in a collision with a motor vehicle was 8% among children, 17% among teenagers and adults injured outside towns, and 31% among those injured in towns. The percentage of serious casualties (MAIS 3+) was 4.5% among children, 10.9% among adults injured outside towns and 7.2% among those injured in towns. Collisions with motor-vehicles lead to more internal injuries than bicycle-only crashes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The description indicates that cyclist type is associated with different crash and injury patterns. In particular, cyclists injured in towns (where cycling is increasing) are generally less severely injured than those injured outside towns for both types of crash (bicycle-only crashes and collisions with a motor vehicle). This is probably due to lower speeds in towns, for both cyclists and motor vehicles.</p

Anti-cyanobacterial activity of Moringa oleifera seeds

Filtrates from crushed Moringa oleifera seeds were tested for their effects on growth and Photosystem II efficiency of the common bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. M. aeruginosa populations exhibited good growth in controls and treatments with 4- and 8-mg crushed Moringa seeds per liter, having similar growth rates of 0.50 (±0.01) per day. In exposures of 20- to 160-mg crushed Moringa seeds L−1, growth rates were negative and on average −0.23 (±0.05) .day−1. Presumably, in the higher doses of 20- to 160-mg crushed seeds per liter, the cyanobacteria died, which was supported by a rapid drop in the Photosystem II efficiency (ΦPSII), while the ΦPSII was high and unaffected in 0, 4, and 8 mg L−1. High-density populations of M. aeruginosa (chlorophyll-a concentrations of ∼270 µg L−1) were reduced to very low levels within 2 weeks of exposure to ≥80-mg crushed seeds per liter. At the highest dosage of 160 mg L−1, the ΦPSII dropped to zero rapidly and remained nil during the course of the experiment (14 days). Hence, under laboratory conditions, a complete wipeout of the bloom could be achieved. This is the first study that yielded evidence for cyanobactericidal activity of filtrate from crushed Moringa seeds, suggesting that Moringa seed extracts might have a potential as an effect-oriented measure lessening cyanobacterial nuisance

ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ СТАТУС ЛАКТИРУЮЩИХ ГОЛШТИНСКИХ КОРОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ СИБИРИ

The authors found out the differentiation of animals according to hematological and biochemical indicators in the herd ofHolsteincows in spring and summer. Variability of characteristics varied from 7.6 to 36.9%; it was the lowest one according to the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobulin and blood serum crude protein. All the indicators varied more in autumn whereas quantitative characteristics of hematological status didn’t vary significantly in autumn except the growing number of erythrocytes. The authors observed the following tendency in respect to biochemical indicators of protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. The authors found out that slight reducing of features variability in autumn, the concentration of total protein and glucose in blood serum rose. That was explained by seasonal peculiarities of animal feeding. Population analysis found out the features that mostly have deviations from the norm. About 93% of animals had lower concentration hemoglobin in spring and about 84% of cows had lower number of erythrocytes. The authors observed higher concentration of cholesterol in half herd of cows in spring and autumn. Favourable changes in concentration of total protein occurred in autumn. The most part of animals had less active glutamyl pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in all the seasons of the year. In spring glutamyl pyruvic transaminase, effect and alkaline phosphatase effect was stringer effect was stronger and exceeded the norm in 57 and 20% of animals. The analysis of hematological and biochemical indicators has shown that their level and variation in blood depends on a season at different degrees. This occurs due to feeding factors and overall health. The issue on parameters of physiological status and their confirmation to the standards must be clarified depending upon a breed, productivity and physiological statusВ стаде голштинских коров выявлена дифференциация животных по гематологическим и биохимическим характеристикам крови в весенний и осенний периоды. Изменчивость признаков варьировала от 7,6 до 36,9% и была наименьшей по количеству эритроцитов, гемоглобина, общего белка сыворотки крови. Практически по всем гематологическим показателям коэффициент вариации возрастал в осенний период. В то же время среди количественных характеристик гематологического статуса достоверных сезонных изменений, за исключением роста содержания эритроцитов в осенний период, не выявлено. В отношении биохимических показателей, характеризующих белковый, жировой и углеводный обмен, наблюдалась следующая тенденция. При некотором снижении вариабельности признаков в осенний период отмечен достоверный рост содержания общего белка и глюкозы в сыворотке крови, что, очевидно, связано с сезонными особенностями кормления животных. Популяционный анализ позволил установить признаки, по которым наиболее часто наблюдаются отклонения от границ нормы. Отмечено, что до 93% животных имели содержание гемоглобина в весенний период ниже показателей, приведенных другими авторами. В этот же сезон почти у 84% коров был снижен уровень эритроцитов. Отмечено превышение количества холестерина у половины коров и в осенний, и в весенний период. Благоприятные изменения произошли в осенний период по содержанию общего белка. Большинство животных характеризовались пониженной активностью аланинаминотрансферазы (АЛТ) во все сезоны года. В весенний сезон активность аспартатаминотрансферазы (АСТ) и щелочной фосфатазы (ЩФ) была выше нормы соответственно у 57 и 20% особей. Таким образом, анализ гематологических и биохимических показателей показал, что их уровень и изменчивость в крови лактирующих коров в разной степени подвержены сезонным колебаниям. Очевидной причиной этого могут быть кормовые факторы и общее состояние организма, в связи с чем необходимо обратить внимание на обеспечение стабильности технологии. Вопрос о соответствии параметров физиологического статуса нормам требует уточнения в зависимости от породы, продуктивности и физиологического состояния животных