21 research outputs found

    Dislocation loops in overheated free-standing smectic films

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    Static and dynamic phenomena in overheated free-standing smectic-A films are studied using a generalization of de Gennes' theory for a confined presmectic liquid. A static application is to determine the profile of the film meniscus and the meniscus contact angle, the results being compared with those of a recent study employing de Gennes' original theory. The dynamical generalization of the theory is based on on a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau approach. This is used to compare two modes for layer-thinning transitions in overheated films, namely "uniform thinning" vs. nucleation of dislocation loops. Properties such as the line tension and velocity of a moving dislocation line are evaluated self-consistently by the theory.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure

    Π­Π›Π•ΠšΠ’Π ΠžΠœΠΠ“ΠΠ˜Π’ΠΠ«Π™ ΠœΠžΠΠ˜Π’ΠžΠ Π˜ΠΠ“ Π’ ΠΠ€Π’Π•Π Π¨ΠžΠšΠžΠ’Π«Π™ ΠŸΠ•Π Π˜ΠžΠ” Π§Π£Π™Π‘ΠšΠžΠ“Πž Π—Π•ΠœΠ›Π•Π’Π Π―Π‘Π•ΠΠ˜Π― 2003 Π³. Π’ Π“ΠžΠ ΠΠžΠœ АЛВАЕ: ΠœΠ•Π’ΠžΠ”Π˜ΠšΠ Π˜Π—ΠœΠ•Π Π•ΠΠ˜Π™, РЕЗУЛЬВАВЫ

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    The article considers the method of observations, interpretation of data and results of electromagnetic monitoring with a controlled source for one of the seismically active regions of Siberia – Mountain (Gorny) Altai. The monitoring is carried out during the aftershock period in the epicentral zone of the destructive Chuya earthquake of 2003 with M=7.3. For regular observations, a measurement technique has been developed with several modifications of the transient electromagnetics method (TEM) to determine variations in electrical resistivity and anisotropy coefficient. The long-term series of these two geoelectric parameters of the section are presented, compared with the characteristics of the ongoing seismic events. The analysis shows that variations in electrical resistance and electrical anisotropy reflect the development and gradual attenuation of aftershock activity of a powerful earthquake. The advantages of the TEM method and the chosen methodology for monitoring in complex areas are reflected.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассмотрСна ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° наблюдСний, ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ элСктромагнитного ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° с ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ источником для ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· сСйсмоактивных Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π‘ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΠΈ – Π“ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Алтая. ΠœΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³ выполняСтся Π² Π°Ρ„Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Чуйского зСмлСтрясСния 2003 Π³. с М=7.3. Для рСгулярных наблюдСний Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ нСсколькими модификациями ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° зондирования становлСниСм элСктромагнитного поля (Π—Π‘Π‘) для опрСдСлСния Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ элСктричСского сопротивлСния ΠΈ коэффициСнта Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ряды этих Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… гСоэлСктричСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅Π·Π°, сопоставлСнныС с характСристиками происходящих сСйсмичСских событий. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ элСктросопротивлСния ΠΈ коэффициСнта элСктричСской Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ постСпСнноС Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Ρ„Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ активности ΠΌΠΎΡ‰Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ зСмлСтрясСния. ΠžΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ прСимущСства ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π—Π‘Π‘ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ для ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π² слоТно построСнных Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ…

    Molecular simulation of chevrons in confined smectic liquid crystals

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    Chevron structures adopted by confined smectic liquid crystals are investigated via molecular dynamics simulations of the Gay-Berne model. The chevrons are formed by quenching nematic films confined between aligning planar substrates whose easy axes have opposing azimuthal components. When the substrates are perfectly smooth, the chevron formed migrates rapidly towards one of the confining walls to yield a tilted layer structure. However, when substrate roughness is included, by introducing a small-amplitude modulation to the particle- substrate interaction well-depth, a symmetric chevron is formed which remains stable over sufficiently long runtimes for detailed structural information, such as the relevant order parameters and director orien- tation, to be determined. For both smooth and rough boundaries, the smectic order parameter remains non-zero across the entire chevron, implying that layer identity is maintained across the chevron tip. Also, when the surface-stabilised chevron does eventually revert to a tilted layer structure, it does so via surface slippage, such that layer integrity is maintained throughout the chevron to tilted layer relaxation process. </p

    Π’ΠΠ Π˜ΠΠ¦Π˜Π˜ Π­Π›Π•ΠšΠ’Π ΠžΠ€Π˜Π—Π˜Π§Π•Π‘ΠšΠ˜Π₯ ΠŸΠΠ ΠΠœΠ•Π’Π ΠžΠ’ ПО Π”ΠΠΠΠ«Πœ Π­Π›Π•ΠšΠ’Π ΠžΠœΠΠ“ΠΠ˜Π’ΠΠžΠ“Πž ΠœΠžΠΠ˜Π’ΠžΠ Π˜ΠΠ“Π КАК Π˜ΠΠ”Π˜ΠšΠΠ’ΠžΠ  ΠΠšΠ’Π˜Π’ΠΠžΠ‘Π’Π˜ Π ΠΠ—Π›ΠžΠœΠΠ«Π₯ Π—ΠžΠ

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    In the regions of high seismic activity, investigations of fault zones are of paramount importance as such zones can generate seismicity. A top task in the regional studies is determining the rates of activity from the data obtained by geoelectrical methods, especially considering the data on the faults covered by sediments. From a practical standpoint, the results of these studies are important for seismic zoning and forecasting of natural and anthropogenic geodynamic phenomena that may potentially occur in the populated areas and zones allocated for construction of industrial and civil objects, pipelines, roads, bridges, etc. Seismic activity in Gorny Altai is regularly monitored after the destructive 2003 Chuya earthquake (M=7.3) by the non-stationary electromagnetic sounding with galvanic and inductive sources of three modifications. From the long-term measurements that started in 2007 and continue in the present, electrical resistivity and electrical anisotropy are determined. Our study aimed to estimate the variations of these electrophysical parameters in the zone influenced by the fault, consider the intensity of the variations in comparison with seismicity indicators, and attempt at determining the degree of activity of the faults. Based on the results of our research, we propose a technique for measuring and interpreting the data sets obtained by a complex of non-stationary sounding modifications. The technique ensures a more precise evaluation of the electrophysical parameters. It is concluded that the electric anisotropy coefficient can be effectively used to characterize the current seismicity, and its maximum variations, being observed in the zone influenced by the fault, are characteristic of the fault activity. The use of two electrophysical parameters enhances the informativeness of the study.Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ… с высокой сСйсмичСской Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ интСрСс ΠΊ исслСдованию Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·ΠΎΠ½ связан с Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΌΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ, поэтому ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ стСпСни ΠΈΡ… активности с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² гСоэлСктрики являСтся Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΉ, особСнно для Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ… осадочными отлоТСниями.Β  Π‘ практичСской Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ зрСния эти исслСдования Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ для Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ сСйсморайонирования, прогнозирования Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… гСодинамичСских явлСний Π² засСлСнных Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ…, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ граТданских ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ², Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³, мостов ΠΈ Ρ‚.Π΄. РСгулярныС наблюдСния Π² сСйсмоактивной Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π“ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Алтая послС Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Чуйского зСмлСтрясСния 2003 Π³. с М=7.3 Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ нСстационарного элСктромагнитного зондирования с использованиСм Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ с Π³Π°Π»ΡŒΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ источниками. Для Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π² 2007 Π³. ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ настоящСС врСмя, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π΄Π²Π° элСктрофизичСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π° – ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ элСктричСскоС сопротивлСниС ΠΈ коэффициСнт элСктричСской Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ЦСлью Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ являСтся ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ этих ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ влияния Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°, сопоставлСниС ΠΈΡ… интСнсивности с показатСлями сСйсмичности, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡŒ активности выявлСнных Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ исслСдования ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… комплСкса ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ нСстационарного зондирования, с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ значСния элСктрофизичСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ². Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ коэффициСнт элСктричСской Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ эффСктивно использован для характСристики Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ сСйсмичности, Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ влияния Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. ИспользованиС Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… элСктрофизичСских ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ исслСдования

    VARIATIONS IN ELECTROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS ESTIMATED FROM ELECTROMAGNETIC MONITORING DATA AS AN INDICATOR OF FAULT ACTIVITY

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    In the regions of high seismic activity, investigations of fault zones are of paramount importance as such zones can generate seismicity. A top task in the regional studies is determining the rates of activity from the data obtained by geoelectrical methods, especially considering the data on the faults covered by sediments. From a practical standpoint, the results of these studies are important for seismic zoning and forecasting of natural and anthropogenic geodynamic phenomena that may potentially occur in the populated areas and zones allocated for construction of industrial and civil objects, pipelines, roads, bridges, etc. Seismic activity in Gorny Altai is regularly monitored after the destructive 2003 Chuya earthquake (M=7.3) by the non-stationary electromagnetic sounding with galvanic and inductive sources of three modifications. From the long-term measurements that started in 2007 and continue in the present, electrical resistivity and electrical anisotropy are determined. Our study aimed to estimate the variations of these electrophysical parameters in the zone influenced by the fault, consider the intensity of the variations in comparison with seismicity indicators, and attempt at determining the degree of activity of the faults. Based on the results of our research, we propose a technique for measuring and interpreting the data sets obtained by a complex of non-stationary sounding modifications. The technique ensures a more precise evaluation of the electrophysical parameters. It is concluded that the electric anisotropy coefficient can be effectively used to characterize the current seismicity, and its maximum variations, being observed in the zone influenced by the fault, are characteristic of the fault activity. The use of two electrophysical parameters enhances the informativeness of the study
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