Story-“Record” vs Spontaneous Narrative in Light of a Comparative Analysis of Linguistic Feature

A memoir-type narrative as a structured text in a certain way, represented by at least two types of oral story: (1) a repeatedly reproduced narrative (a story about the war) and (2) an unprepared segment of a speech (a story about life in Irkutsk during the existence of the USSR and after its collapse) is considered in the article. The first variety in the scientific literature was called the “record” story. In the course of comparing the two fragments related to the mentioned types of narration, the phonetic, lexical and grammatical means used by the subject of speech and reflecting the specifics of the story-“record” on the theme of war are characterized. Thanks to an integrated approach to the linguistic features of the narrative, detailed conclusions are drawn regarding its organization. It has been established that at different linguistic levels the story-“record” has certain distinctive features, the most important of which are the use of functionally loaded prosodic means and the almost complete absence of speech failures, the use of a large number of bookish lexical elements, as well as grammatical structures characteristic of the official business language, written speeches. It is proved that all the identified features allow the speaker to give the features of a collectively significant memory to personal impressions of the war

The Relevance of Osteoscintigraphy Technique in Early Detection of Bone Metastatic Lesions: a Systematic Review

Background. Due to intensive blood supply to the red bone marrow, as well as high adhesive abilities of tumor cells, bone tissue is a perfect structure for the metastatic process. Timely identification of the pathological process is highly relevant, since data from numerous sources on the use of radiation methods at later stages indicate the development of severe pathological conditions leading to neurological deficiency and significant decrease in a patient’s quality of life. Objective: to summarize data on the diagnostic effectiveness of osteoscintigraphy (OSG), as well as to conduct a comparative analysis of various diagnostic methods in bone metastases detection. Material and methods. The review was performed according to PRISMA standard (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). It included only full-text articles published in the period from 2015 to 2022, as well as particularly important publications from 2005 to 2014. The search for articles was carried out independently using CyberLeninka, eLibrary, Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE databases, by key terms without the use of language restrictions: “osteoscintigraphy”, “radiology’, “tumors”, “bones”, “diagnosis”. Results. The final analysis included 56 scientific articles by a qualitative indicator. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods, as well as indications for the use of various diagnostic techniques in bone metastatic lesions detection were presented. It was shown that OSG will cost 6 times cheaper than positron emission tomography (PET), and 3 times cheaper than magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The analysis of using radiation methods demonstrated that the specificity of computed tomography and radiography was at a high level, but this techniques had less pronounced sensitivity, and MRI, OSG and PET had greater sensitivity, but insufficient specificity. In the initial stage of the disease, OSG is one of the main methods of metastatic lesions visualization, but not the only way of diagnosis in diversification strategy aspect. Conclusion. OSG is an effective and informative technique for early detection of bone metastases, allowing to assess the functional state of the tumor and its surrounding tissues, even before the appearance of structural disorders visible by other diagnostic methods. To improve the accuracy of the study, it is advisable to use a set of radiation diagnostic techniques. The choice of a particular method is determined by its technical capability and financial availability

DIGITALIZATION OF LOGISTICS HUBS AS A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

The article reveals the concept of a logistics unit, logistics and digital hubs. It is considering the possibility of combining the Northern Sea and New Silk Way sections into a single system on the territory of the Russian Federation. The authors investigated the ways of digitalization of the logistics block of the NSR – NSW with the subsequent creation of a virtual space for the control and redistribution of trade throughout the Russian Federation. The concept of a digitalized logistics block is considered from the point of view of a potentially beneficial project for Russia to collect statistical data and accelerate international transport by instantly redistributing routes

Quantification of Residual Organochlorine Pesticides in Medicinal Plant Raw Materials Containing Terpenoids

An important indicator of the safety of plant raw materials and herbal medicinal products is the content of residual pesticides. Its determination is particularly difficult in aromatic plants characterised by a diverse composition of terpenoids co-extracting with organochlorine pesticides and forming numerous degradation products that interfere with the analysis.The aim of the study was to develop and validate an analytical procedure for the quantification of organochlorine pesticides in plant raw materials containing terpenoids, compliant with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods: the study analysed samples of morphologically different raw materials from 21 plant species containing terpenoids. The analysis was carried out by GLC-MS on a 450-GC gas chromatograph coupled to a 220-MS ion-trap mass spectrometer (Varian, USA) using a FactorFour VF-5ms quartz capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm).Results: the authors developed the analytical procedure for organochlorine pesticides in medicinal plant raw materials containing terpenoids. Its specificity was confirmed by retention times and mass spectra for all the tested analytes. The recovery of pesticides was studied on model mixtures of a plant raw material and ranged from 70.04 to 99.27%. The authors established the linearity using a calibration curve for internal standard (4,4'-dibromodiphenyl) concentrations from 1.0 to 18.1 µg/mL. The procedure was linear across the entire studied range; the correlation coefficient equalled 0.999. The trueness and precision of the analytical procedure met the acceptance criteria.Conclusions: the analytical procedure has been put into use at the Testing Centre of VILAR. From 2018 to 2020, 63 samples of 21 types of medicinal plant raw materials were analysed and found to be corresponding to the safety requirements for the organochlorine pesticide content. Residual pesticides were detected in the medicinal plant raw materials in few sporadic cases

A role of streptokinase in experimental post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) refers to the sequela of the acute infection, caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus, GAS). This pathology has been studied for a long time, and today attempts are being made to identify the products of their life activity, able to initiate an immunopathological process in kidneys. Most attention has been paid to streptokinase, the enzyme transforming blood plasminogen into plasmin, capable, together with the plasmin receptor (NAPlr), of damaging the glomerular tissue, as well as activating the complement system. The aim of the study was to consider two tasks: to study the ability of the GAS-obtained enzyme to transform plasminogen of different species into plasmin as well as to study its role in the development of PSGN in rabbits having subcutaneously implanted tissue chambers. The animals were infected by inoculating GAS cultures into the chambers. Materials and methods. GAS strains of M types 1, 12, 22 and their ska– isogenic mutants were used in the study. Purified plasminogen preparations were isolated from fresh human, rabbit or mouse plasma by using chromatographic column with Lysine Sepharose 4B. To reveal the ability of streptokinase to activate plasminogen into plasmin, its preparation at a concentration of 1 mg/ml was added to 10 ìg of purified human, rabbit or mouse plasminogen. The concentration of plasmin was defined photometrically using S-2251 (Chromogenix, USA). To reproduce PSGN, four chambers were implanted under the skin in each rabbit; after the complete wound healing animals were infected and observed for three weeks. On day 14, the animals were treated with benzylpenicillin. The kidneys from survived rabbits were subjected to immunohistology analysis. Results. During in vitro experiments, M1, M12 and M22 GAS streptokinase showed distinct functional activity on human plasminogen, transforming it into plasmin: optical density indicators at ë = 405 nm were 0.4–0.7 compared with the negative control (ОD < 0.001). Streptokinase did not activate mouse plasminogen (ОD = 0.001) and exerted quite a weak effect on transformation of the rabbit plasminogen into plasmin (ОD = 0.002). In experiments on PSGN induction in rabbits, we failed to detect streptokinase involvement, because no differences between initiation of glomerulonephritis by wild strains or ska– isogenic mutants were identified. Mutant strains deficient in the gene responsible for streptokinase synthesis but retained ability to bind rabbit and human IgG, caused morphological changes in kidney tissue, specific for PSGN. In addition, a comparative analysis of PSGN “rabbit” and “mouse” models developed by the same technology, was carried out and led to opposing conclusions regarding a role of streptokinase in pathogenesis of experimental glomerulonephritis. The role of IgG Fc-binding activity of GAS in development of experimental PSGN is discussed

ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ ПРОЕКТНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА В ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОМ И МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОМ УПРАВЛЕНИИ РОССИИ

Проектный менеджмент в государственном управлении является наиболее эффективной формой взаимодействия органов власти с населением. Необходимо создать предпосылки для формирования процесса самосовершенствования системы управления в субъектах РФ, способствующего поддержанию позитивного имиджа региона и страны в целом. Цифровизация выступает отличным механизмом внедрения проектного менеджмента в управление регионом на базе трансформации системы государственного управления, ориентирами которого становятся минимальный государственный аппарат, высокая скорость принятия решений, отсутствие посредников между человеком и его данными, что позволяет индивидуализировать решения жизненных ситуаций граждан в системе «государство как платформа», которая постулируется в концепции Центра стратегических разработок начиная с 2017 года. Проектный менеджмент конкретизирует метафору «государство как платформа» в процессе цифровой трансформации оказания государственных услуг, контрольно-надзорной деятельности и принятия управленческих решений

ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ ПРОЕКТНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА В ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОМ И МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОМ УПРАВЛЕНИИ РОССИИ

Проектный менеджмент в государственном управлении является наиболее эффективной формой взаимодействия органов власти с населением. Необходимо создать предпосылки для формирования процесса самосовершенствования системы управления в субъектах РФ, способствующего поддержанию позитивного имиджа региона и страны в целом. Цифровизация выступает отличным механизмом внедрения проектного менеджмента в управление регионом на базе трансформации системы государственного управления, ориентирами которого становятся минимальный государственный аппарат, высокая скорость принятия решений, отсутствие посредников между человеком и его данными, что позволяет индивидуализировать решения жизненных ситуаций граждан в системе «государство как платформа», которая постулируется в концепции Центра стратегических разработок начиная с 2017 года. Проектный менеджмент конкретизирует метафору «государство как платформа» в процессе цифровой трансформации оказания государственных услуг, контрольно-надзорной деятельности и принятия управленческих решений

IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF ARGININE DEIMINASE FROM STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES

Many pathogens use metabolic pathway of arginine for successful dissemination. Bacterial arginine deiminase hydrolyzes arginine to form one molecule of ammonia and two molecules of ATP. The activity of the enzyme contributes to the improvement of survival of pathogenic bacteria in conditions of low pH at the site of infection or in phagolysosome, as well as in anaerobic conditions, and also leads to deficiency of arginine. Metabolism of arginine plays an important role in regulating the functions of immune system cells in mammals. Arginine is a substrate of enzymes NOS and arginase. Arginine depletion, potentially contributs to immunosuppression. The review analyzed the literature data on the effect of streptococcal arginine deiminase on the metabolism of arginine eukaryotic cells, and discusses immunosuppressive action of the enzyme

Assessing cytokine status of patients with chronic endometritis combined with endometrial hyperplastic processes in reproductive period

The goal of our study was to examine local and serum cytokine level involved in regulating inflammation in patients with chronic endometritis combined with endometrial hyperplastic processes. On admission, all patients underwent hysteroscopy with separate diagnostic curettage followed by histological examination of samples isolated from the uterine and cervical canal mucosa. Such manipulations were indicated due to abnormal uterine bleeding as well as suspected endometrial pathology based on ultrasound examination. According to the histological examination data of the endometrial samples, all patients were divided into two groups: group I contained 45 women with CE combined with PEG without atypia; group II — 38 patients with morphologically verified CEE combined with AEG without atypia. Level of IL-1P, IL-2, IL-6, IFNy, TNFa in biological fluids (aspirate from the uterus; serum) was measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that in both groups (91.1% and 89.6%, respectively) the vast majority of patients was hospitalized due to abnormal uterine bleeding. Oligomenorrhea alternated with intermenstrual bleeding (66.7% and 71.2%, respectively) and dominated in pattern of menstrual cycle disorders in the examined patients, whereas 11 (24.4%) and 7 (18.4%) patients from group I and II, respectively, were noted to suffer from severe menstrual bleeding. Overall, analyzing the data on cytokine level both in the uterine aspirate and serum evidences about ongoing inflammatory process found at examination time point. Upon that, such process was not only local, but also exhibited signs of a systemic inflammatory response. The data on cytokine level in the uterine aspirate from patients with CE coupled to PGE or CGE without atypia point at local inflammatory process characterized by significantly increased concentration of IL-ф, IL-2, IL-6, TNFa and IFNy. At the same time, higher level of IL-ф and IFNy in patients from group II might indicates that degree of morphological changes in the endometrium could affect the level of local cytokine production. Thus, the data obtained evidence that immune changes in chronic endometritis combined with non-atypical endometrial hyperplastic processes mostly occur locally. In this regard, measuring cytokine concentration in the uterine aspirate is a diagnostic predictor and serves as a sign for monitoring therapeutic effectiveness of therapy in this cohort of patients

Influence of streptococcal arginine deiminase on the leukocyte infiltration in murine air pouch model

Numerous pathogens express arginine deiminase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine in a chain of biochemical reactions aimed at the synthesis of ATP in bacterial cells. L-arginine is a semi-essential, proteinogenic amino acid that plays an important role in regulating the functions of the immune system cells in mammals. Depletion of L-arginine may cause a weakening of the immune reaction. In order to improve the conditions of dissemination, many pathogens use a strategy of L-arginine depletion in the microenvironment of host cells. Bacterial arginine deiminase can be a pathogenicity factor aimed for dysregulating the processes of inflammation and immune response. In general, the effect of arginine deiminase on immune cells may result into disturbed production of regulatory proinflammatory molecules, such as NO, and related substances, inhibition of activation, migration and differentiation of individual leukocyte subsets. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of arginine deiminase on the formation of inflammatory infiltrate in murine air pouch model of streptococcal infection. Materials and methods: The study was performed using S. pyogenes M49-16 expressing arginine deiminase and its isogenic mutant S. pyogenes M49-16delArcA with inactivated arginine deiminase gene. The flow cytometry analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate leukocytes subpopulation in mice infected with the original strain of S. pyogenes M49-16 and its isogenic mutant S. pyogenes M49-16delArcA at different periods of infection was performed. It was shown that the inflammation reached its peak 6 hours after streptococcal inoculation, being more pronounced in mice infected with the mutant strain. Тhis finding was affirmed by a simultaneous and more pronounced increase in the absolute numbers of all leukocyte subsets in the focus of inflammation in this group of mice when compared to mice infected with original bacterial strain. Despite the decrease in the absolute number of all leukocyte types in the inflammatory infiltrate in both groups of mice for 24 hours, this trend was more pronounced in the group of mice infected with mutant microbial strain. Comparison of the inflammatory infiltrates developing in mice infected with original versus mutant strains showed that arginine deiminase may be a pathogenicity factor leading to dysregulation of protective immune response, due to impaired migration of white blood cells to the site of infection