ФОТОДИНАМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ ПЛОСКОКЛЕТОЧНОГО РАКА КОЖИ ЩЕКИ (КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ)

The  results  of the  clinical observation  of a female  patient  with squamous cell carcinoma  of the  cheek  skin treated  by the  method of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using the photosensitizer of fotoditazin are represented. The patient  had single course of PDT. Fotoditazin was injected in a dose of 0.8 mg/kg of body weight as a single intravenous  infusion in 0.9% sodium chloride. The irradiation was performed  once, 2.5 h after injection of the photosensitizer (power density of laser irradiation – 200-300 mW/cm2, light dose of a single session of 300-350 J/ cm2). There were no side effects after photosensitizer injection and after irradiation. The result of the treatment was defined as partial tumor regression. For nowadays the follow-up period is 2 months. The repeated course of PDT is scheduled.Приведены результаты клинического наблюдения за пациенткой с плоскоклеточным раком кожи щеки, пролеченной методом фотодинамической терапии с фотосенсибилизатором фотодитазин. Пациентке проведен  однократный  курс фотодинамической  терапии. Фотодитазин вводили в дозе 0,8 мг/кг массы тела путем однократной  внутривенной инфузии в 0,9%-ом растворе  натрия хлорида. Облучение проводили  однократно, через 2,5 ч после введения  фотосенсибилизатора (плотность мощности лазерного  излучения – 200-300 мВт/см2, световая доза одного сеанса – 300-350 Дж/см2. Побочных эффектов после введения фотосенсибилизатора и проведения облучения не зарегистрировано. Результат лечения оценен как частичная регрессия опухоли. В настоящее время пациентка находится под динамическим наблюдением, срок наблюдения 2 мес. Планируется проведение повторного курса ФДТ

Исследование влияния вида обработки на прочность монокристаллических пластин нелегированного антимонида индия

The method of plane-transverse bending was used to measure the strength of thin single-crystal plates of undoped InSb with a crystallographic orientation of (100). It was found that the strength of the plates (thickness ≤ 800 μm) depends on their processing. Using a full processing cycle (grinding and chemical polishing) allows to increase the strength of InSb plates by 2 times (from 3.0 to 6.4 kg/mm2). It is shown that the dependence of strength on processing for wafers with (100) orientation is similar to this dependence for wafers (111), while the strength of wafers (111) is 2 times higher. The contact profilometry method was used to measure the roughness of thin plates, which also passed successive processing steps. It was found that during a full cycle of processing, the roughness of InSb plates decreases (Ra from 0.6 to 0.04 μm), leading to a general smoothing of the surface roughness. The strength and roughness of the (100) InSb and GaAs wafers are compared. It was found that the strength of GaAs cut wafers is 2 times higher than the strength of InSb cut wafers and slightly increases after a full cycle of their processing. It was shown that the roughness of GaAs and InSb plates after a full cycle of surface treatment is significantly reduced: 10 times for InSb due to overall surface leveling and 3 times for GaAs (Rz from 2.4 to 0.8 μm) due to a decrease in the peak component. Conducting a full cycle of processing InSb plates can increase their strength by removing broken layers by sequential operations and reducing the risk of mechanical damage.Методом плоско-поперечного изгиба проведены измерения прочности тонких монокристаллических пластин нелегированного InSb с кристаллографической ориентацией (100). Установлено, что прочность пластин (толщиной ≤ 800 мкм) зависит от их обработки. Использование полного цикла обработки (шлифовки и химической полировки) позволяет увеличить прочность пластин InSb в 2 раза (от 3,0 до 6,4 кг/мм2). Показано, что зависимость прочности от обработки для пластин с ориентацией (100) аналогична этой зависимости для пластин (111), при этом величина прочности пластин (111) в 2 раза выше. Методом контактной профилометрии измерена шероховатость тонких пластин, также прошедших последовательные этапы обработки. Установлено, что при проведении полного цикла обработки шероховатость пластин InSb уменьшается (Ra от 0,6 до 0,04 мкм), приводя к общему выравниванию шероховатости на поверхности. Проведено сравнение прочности и шероховатости пластин (100) InSb и GaAs. Установлено, что прочность резаных пластин GaAs в 2 раза выше прочности резаных пластин InSb и незначительно увеличивается после полного цикла их обработки. Показано, что шероховатость пластин GaAs и InSb после полного цикла обработки поверхности значительно уменьшается: в 10 раз для InSb за счет общего выравнивания поверхности и в 3 раза для GaAs (Rz от 2,4 до 0,8 мкм) за счет снижения пиковой составляющей. Проведение полного цикла обработки пластин InSb позволяет повысить их прочность, удаляя нарушенные слои последовательными операциями и снижая риск развития механических повреждений

Vaccination with M2e-Based Multiple Antigenic Peptides: Characterization of the B Cell Response and Protection Efficacy in Inbred and Outbred Mice

The extracellular domain of the influenza A virus protein matrix protein 2 (M2e) is remarkably conserved between various human isolates and thus is a viable target antigen for a universal influenza vaccine. With the goal of inducing protection in multiple mouse haplotypes, M2e-based multiple antigenic peptides (M2e-MAP) were synthesized to contain promiscuous T helper determinants from the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein, the hepatitis B virus antigen and the influenza virus hemagglutinin. Here, we investigated the nature of the M2e-MAP-induced B cell response in terms of the distribution of antibody (Ab) secreting cells (ASCs) and Ab isotypes, and tested the protective efficacy in various mouse strains.Immunization of BALB/c mice with M2e-MAPs together with potent adjuvants, CpG 1826 oligonucleotides (ODN) and cholera toxin (CT) elicited high M2e-specific serum Ab titers that protected mice against viral challenge. Subcutaneous (s.c.) and intranasal (i.n.) delivery of M2e-MAPs resulted in the induction of IgG in serum and airway secretions, however only i.n. immunization induced anti-M2e IgA ASCs locally in the lungs, correlating with M2-specific IgA in the bronchio-alveolar lavage (BAL). Interestingly, both routes of vaccination resulted in equal protection against viral challenge. Moreover, M2e-MAPs induced cross-reactive and protective responses to diverse M2e peptides and variant influenza viruses. However, in contrast to BALB/c mice, immunization of other inbred and outbred mouse strains did not induce protective Abs. This correlated with a defect in T cell but not B cell responsiveness to the M2e-MAPs.Anti-M2e Abs induced by M2e-MAPs are highly cross-reactive and can mediate protection to variant viruses. Although synthetic MAPs are promising designs for vaccines, future constructs will need to be optimized for use in the genetically heterogeneous human population

PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY FOR SQUAMOUS CELL SKIN CANCER OF THE CHEEK (CASE REPORT)

The  results  of the  clinical observation  of a female  patient  with squamous cell carcinoma  of the  cheek  skin treated  by the  method of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using the photosensitizer of fotoditazin are represented. The patient  had single course of PDT. Fotoditazin was injected in a dose of 0.8 mg/kg of body weight as a single intravenous  infusion in 0.9% sodium chloride. The irradiation was performed  once, 2.5 h after injection of the photosensitizer (power density of laser irradiation – 200-300 mW/cm2, light dose of a single session of 300-350 J/ cm2). There were no side effects after photosensitizer injection and after irradiation. The result of the treatment was defined as partial tumor regression. For nowadays the follow-up period is 2 months. The repeated course of PDT is scheduled

Do Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Contain Functional Mitochondria?

Extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from stem cells have become an effective complement to the use in cell therapy of stem cells themselves, which has led to an explosion of research into the mechanisms of vesicle formation and their action. There is evidence demonstrating the presence of mitochondrial components in EV, but a definitive conclusion about whether EV contains fully functional mitochondria has not yet been made. In this study, two EV fractions derived from mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSC) and separated by their size were examined. Flow cytometry revealed the presence of mitochondrial lipid components capable of interacting with mitochondrial dyes MitoTracker Green and 10-nonylacridine orange; however, the EV response to the probe for mitochondrial membrane potential was negative. Detailed analysis revealed components from all mitochondria compartments, including house-keeping mitochondria proteins and DNA as well as energy-related proteins such as membrane-localized proteins of complexes I, IV, and V, and soluble proteins from the Krebs cycle. When assessing the functional activity of mitochondria, high variability in oxygen consumption was noted, which was only partially attributed to mitochondrial respiratory activity. Our findings demonstrate that the EV contain all parts of mitochondria; however, their independent functionality inside EV has not been confirmed, which may be due either to the absence of necessary cofactors and/or the EV formation process and, probably the methodology of obtaining EV