НЕСТАНДАРТНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ И САМОРЕАЛИЗАЦИИ СОТРУДНИКОВ: ДАУНШИФТИНГ И ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ

Transition to postindustrial society is accompanied by the onrush development of new information and communication technologies. Consequently, social capital of humans development becomes necessary and very important. Along with the willing ness to increase social capital many people are interested in realizing their entrepreneurial activities. Spreading of such non-standard forms of employment as remote work, freelancing (in particular, electronic freelancing) and downshifting, providing a new type of social-labor relations, increasing number of people seeking to self-organization labor activity. Thus, detailed consideration of non-standard forms of labor organization, entrepreneurship and ways of employee’s professional development is very actual. The article discusses such phenomena as entrepreneurship and downshifting in context of personality’s professional development, and also exploring reasons and ways of engagement in ideologies of both two phenomena. A distinctive feature of the author’s view is that concepts of “entrepreneurship” and “downshifting” are not in the opposition as different vectors of career development. These methods of labor organization are considered as similar by backgrounds that motivate per son to leave stable job in a global context or in a concrete company. In the article for more complete understanding complementarity of entrepreneurship and downshifting in context of personality’s professional development, there is a brief historical background, regarding history of each phenomena – globally, and particularly in Russia.Переход к постиндустриальному обществу сопровождается стремительным развитием новых информационно-коммуникационных технологий (ИКТ). В связи с этим развитие социального капитала человека становится необходимым и очень важным. Наряду со стремлением людей к приращению социального капитала увеличивается их интерес и к предпринимательской деятельности. Все большее распространение получают такие нестандартные формы занятости, как дистанционная профессиональная деятельность, фриланс (в частности, электронный фриланс), свободная занятость (дауншифтинг), вследствие чего формируется новый тип социально-трудовых отношений, увеличивается количество людей, стремящихся к самоорганизации труда. Таким образом, подробное рассмотрение нестандартных форм организации трудовой деятельности, предпринимательства, а также способов профессионального развития работников является актуальным. В статье рассматриваются особенности таких феноменов, как предпринимательство и дауншифтинг, в контексте путей профессионального развития человека, а также анализируются причины и способы вовлечения как в идеологию предпринимательства, так и в идеологию дауншифтинга. Отличительной чертой авторского взгляда является то, что понятия “предпринимательство” и “дауншифтинг” не противопоставляются как противоположные по смыслу вектора развития карьеры. Эти способы организации трудовой деятельности, наоборот, рассматриваются как схожие между собой в предпосылках, побуждающих оставить стабильную работу в компании, а также в глобальных целях этих изменений. Для более полного понимания комплементарности феноменов в контексте профессионального развития человека приведены краткая историческая справка о возникновении каждого из феноменов, а также экскурс в историю развития каждого из феноменов в России

Effects of Anacetrapib in Patients with Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

BACKGROUND: Patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease remain at high risk for cardiovascular events despite effective statin-based treatment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. The inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) by anacetrapib reduces LDL cholesterol levels and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. However, trials of other CETP inhibitors have shown neutral or adverse effects on cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 30,449 adults with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive atorvastatin therapy and who had a mean LDL cholesterol level of 61 mg per deciliter (1.58 mmol per liter), a mean non-HDL cholesterol level of 92 mg per deciliter (2.38 mmol per liter), and a mean HDL cholesterol level of 40 mg per deciliter (1.03 mmol per liter). The patients were assigned to receive either 100 mg of anacetrapib once daily (15,225 patients) or matching placebo (15,224 patients). The primary outcome was the first major coronary event, a composite of coronary death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization. RESULTS: During the median follow-up period of 4.1 years, the primary outcome occurred in significantly fewer patients in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (1640 of 15,225 patients [10.8%] vs. 1803 of 15,224 patients [11.8%]; rate ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.85 to 0.97; P=0.004). The relative difference in risk was similar across multiple prespecified subgroups. At the trial midpoint, the mean level of HDL cholesterol was higher by 43 mg per deciliter (1.12 mmol per liter) in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (a relative difference of 104%), and the mean level of non-HDL cholesterol was lower by 17 mg per deciliter (0.44 mmol per liter), a relative difference of -18%. There were no significant between-group differences in the risk of death, cancer, or other serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive statin therapy, the use of anacetrapib resulted in a lower incidence of major coronary events than the use of placebo. (Funded by Merck and others; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN48678192 ; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01252953 ; and EudraCT number, 2010-023467-18 .)

NON-STANDARD FORMS OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND SELF-REALIZATION OF EMPLOYEES: DOWNSHIFTING AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Transition to postindustrial society is accompanied by the onrush development of new information and communication technologies. Consequently, social capital of humans development becomes necessary and very important. Along with the willing ness to increase social capital many people are interested in realizing their entrepreneurial activities. Spreading of such non-standard forms of employment as remote work, freelancing (in particular, electronic freelancing) and downshifting, providing a new type of social-labor relations, increasing number of people seeking to self-organization labor activity. Thus, detailed consideration of non-standard forms of labor organization, entrepreneurship and ways of employee’s professional development is very actual. The article discusses such phenomena as entrepreneurship and downshifting in context of personality’s professional development, and also exploring reasons and ways of engagement in ideologies of both two phenomena. A distinctive feature of the author’s view is that concepts of “entrepreneurship” and “downshifting” are not in the opposition as different vectors of career development. These methods of labor organization are considered as similar by backgrounds that motivate per son to leave stable job in a global context or in a concrete company. In the article for more complete understanding complementarity of entrepreneurship and downshifting in context of personality’s professional development, there is a brief historical background, regarding history of each phenomena – globally, and particularly in Russia

The Messinian salinity crisis onset in Albania: An integrated approach by bio-magnetostratigraphy and rock magnetic analyses

We carried out an integrated stratigraphic study aiming the identification of the onset of the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC) in the Peri-Adriatic Depression, a region forming the northern front of the Albanides fold-and-thrust belt. The onset was identified in the Kavaje area within an interval of euxinic shales representing a time-equivalent deposit of the Primary Lower Gypsum of stage 1 of the MSC, recognized elsewhere in the Mediterranean realm (CIESM, 2008). This interpretation is supported by the integration of magneto-stratigraphic (base of Gilbert chron) and bio-stratigraphic data (last influx of T. multiloba; last occurrence of foraminifera) calibrated with precessional cyclicity recognized in the pre-evaporitic sediments by rock magnetic analyses. Detailed sedimentological observations revealed that the overlying Gips-Sharrë Gypsum unit consists of chaotic and clastic evaporites floored by a regional-scale erosional surface. Their 87Sr/86Sr values (0.708937 to 0.708967) are typical of stages 1–2 of the MSC. Consequently, their assignment to the Resedimented Lower Gypsum unit is here proposed. The halite deposits, that have been intercepted by boreholes above the Gips-Sharrë Gypsum unit, have been also framed in the RLG. Our results confirm the applicability of the MSC 3-stage model (CIESM, 2008) also in the eastern side of the Adriatic Sea