Cost and efficiency in the filbert enterprise in Oregon

Published June 1937. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo

Cost of producing walnuts in Oregon : for the year 1929

Published January 1931. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo

Cost of establishing walnut orchards in Oregon : progress report no. 1

Published November 1931. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo

Costs and practices in establishing walnut orchards in Oregon

Published June 1933. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo

Cost and practices in strawberry production in the Willamette Valley

Published May 1929. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo

Home peripheral nerve catheters: the first 24 months of experience at a children’s hospital

Andrew Gable,1,2 Candice Burrier,1,3 Jenna Stevens,1 Sharon Wrona,1 Kevin Klingele,4,5 Tarun Bhalla,1,3 David P Martin,1,3 Giorgio Veneziano,1,3 Joseph D Tobias1,3 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, 2Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, 3Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ohio State University, 4Department of Orthopedics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 5Department of Orthopedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA Context: Home peripheral nerve catheters (PNCs) have become common practice for adult patients after major orthopedic surgery. However, use in pediatric patients is a recent application.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review the demographics and outcomes of pediatric patients receiving a PNC at our institution.Methods: This retrospective study included patients from October 2012 through October 2014 undergoing orthopedic procedures with a PNC placed for postoperative pain management.Results: A total of 118 patients aged 3.2–25.3 years were identified. The types of catheters included femoral (80.5%), interscalene (11.9%), sciatic (5.9%), and supraclavicular (1.7%). The majority of patients were discharged to home on the day of surgery (77.1%). In the postanesthetic care unit, the average pain score was 2.5, the incidence of nausea/emesis was 5.9%, and the need for opioid administration was 50.8%. There were no major complications. Minor complications included a 7.6% rate of early catheter removal with 5.9% of those due to catheter leakage and an unsecure dressing. There was one case of metallic taste in the mouth without other symptoms of local anesthetic toxicity that resolved without further complication.Conclusion: The implementation of a home PNC program in pediatric patients at our institution has been highly successful with a high rate of ambulatory catheters, low pain scores, low rates of nausea and vomiting, and no serious complications. Minor complications included leaking of the catheter and early discontinuation of the catheter. Keywords: peripheral nerve catheter, pediatric, regional anesthesi

A roadmap for the development of alternative (non-animal) methods for systemic toxicity testing - t4 report

Systemic toxicity testing forms the cornerstone for the safety evaluation of substances. Pressures to move from traditional animal models to novel technologies arise from various concerns, including: the need to evaluate large numbers of previously untested chemicals and new products (such as nanoparticles or cell therapies), the limited predictivity of traditional tests for human health effects, duration and costs of current approaches, and animal welfare considerations. The latter holds especially true in the context of the scheduled 2013 marketing ban on cosmetic ingredients tested for systemic toxicity. Based on a major analysis of the status of alternative methods (Adler et al., 2011) and its independent review (Hartung et al., 2011), the present report proposes a roadmap for how to overcome the acknowledged scientific gaps for the full replacement of systemic toxicity testing using animals. Five whitepapers were commissioned addressing toxicokinetics, skin sensitization, repeated-dose toxicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive toxicity testing. An expert workshop of 35 participants from Europe and the US discussed and refined these whitepapers, which were subsequently compiled to form the present report. By prioritizing the many options to move the field forward, the expert group hopes to advance regulatory science

Cost of producing English walnuts in Oregon (for the year 1931)

Published October 1932. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo