Medical image analysis using deep learning: Recent advances, applications, challenges and future directions

Deep learning is now causing a paradigm change in medical image analysis. This technology has lately gained the attention of the medical imaging community, prompting the organization of a dedicated conference on "Deep Learning based Medical Imaging". This survey of the literature looks at recent developments in the field and provides an insightful analysis of the key issues facing the field. This review report organizes the evaluated literature into sub-categories based on the underlying pattern recognition tasks and taxonomy based on the anatomy of humans. Without assuming a prior knowledge of deep learning, this literature review makes a significant contribution to educating non-experts in the medical community about the basic concepts of deep learning. In this literature review, the advancements of deep learning (DL) in medical image analysis are investigated from a distinct computer vision and machine learning viewpoint. This allows us to identify the "lack of correctly labeled huge scale data sets" as the primary problem in this study direction. The study also focuses on the sister research domains such as pattern recognition, computer vision, and machine learning. Also mentioned were approaches to finding plausible future scenarios in which the medical imaging community may fully utilize deep learning

The pathology and pathogenesis of fatal hepatic amoebiasis-a study based on 79 autopsy cases

The present study is based on a retrospective analysis of 79 autopsy cases of hepatic amoebiasis. An attempt has been made to reconstruct the sequence of events starting from intestinal infection to invasion and transport of amoebae along the radicles of the portal veins, the formation of early Zahn's infarct and the proliferation of amoebae in such foci leading to the formation of small abscesses The coalescence of small abscesses gives rise to the apparently large abscesses. Apart from direct contiguity, more distant extension leading to a satellite abscess is due to involvement of the hepatic and/or portal venous radicles. It seems that obstruction of the hepatic vein contributes substantially towards the enlargement of the liver and its exaggerated nutmeg appearance. Signs and symptoms of hepatic vein obstruction sometimes overshadow the abscess pathology. Thrombosis or pressure of a neighbouring abscess over the portal vein obstruction sometimes overshadow the abscess pathology. Thrombosis or pressure of a neighbouring abscess over the portal vein and bile-duct lead to development of portal hypertension and jaundice. Both cell-mediated and humoral immunity are depressed in fatal cases of hepatic amoebiasis

Curvature Regularity for Multi-Label Problems- Standard and Customized Linear Programming

Abstract. We follow recent work by Schoenemann et al. [25] for expressing curvature regularity as a linear program. While the original formulation focused on binary segmentation, we address several multi-label problems, including segmentation, denoising and inpainting, all cast as a single linear program. Our multi-label segmentation introduces a “curvature Potts model ” and combines a well-known Potts model relaxation [14] with the above work. For inpainting, we improve on [25] by grouping intensities into bins. Finally, we address the problem of denoising with absolute differences in the data term. Furthermore, we explore alternative solving strategies, including higher order Markov Random Fields, min-sum diffusion and a combination of augmented Lagrangians and an accelerated first order scheme to solve the linear programs.

Familial idiopathic granulomatosis: sarcoidosis and Crohn's disease in two Indian families.

The coexistence of sarcoidosis and Crohn's disease in different members of the same family is rare and only two instances are on record. Two Indian families showing this association have been studied. In one a brother and sister are affected, and in the other seven and possibly eight persons in two generations have been affected. The familial occurrence of both these conditions supports the view that a transmissible agent may be concerned in the genesis of both diseases in genetically susceptible individuals