Experience of noctilucent clouds registering in the near infrared spectrum region

Some aspects of increasing the efficiency of noctilucent clouds ground-based observations are considered. The study of such objects is highly relevant in connection with the general problems of climate change. It is shown that the limitations on the possibility of registering the phenomenon in the optical range are associated both with the relatively low brightness of clouds of this type against the background of the twilight segment, and with the strong absorption of light by dust aerosol in the surface layer of the atmosphere. The paper substantiates the idea that the transition to observations of noctilucent clouds in the near infrared range will increase the contrast of their images in the twilight segment. This will make it possible to detect noctilucent clouds during civil twilight, including at low altitudes above the horizon. To test this assumption, shooting was carried out during the 2022 season using a CANON 2000 D camera and RG780 and RG830 infrared filters. The images revealed features morphologically similar to noctilucent clouds. An analysis of the images showed that they can hardly be associated with tropospheric clouds or anthropogenic formations. The results obtained were compared with ground-based observation data from other points, as well as with satellite information on the state of noctilucent cloud fields. This comparison showed that noctilucent clouds, which were not detected in visible light images, were highly likely to be detected in near-infrared images. The prospects for the application and development of the proposed method for ground-based registration of noctilucent clouds are also considered

One year follow-up of the multi-centre European PARTNER transcatheter heart valve study

BackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as a new therapeutic option in high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis.AimsPARTNER EU is the first study to evaluate prospectively the procedural and mid-term outcomes of transfemoral (TF) or transapical (TA) implantation of the Edwards SAPIEN® valve involving a multi-disciplinary approach.Methods and resultsPrimary safety endpoints were 30 days and 6 months mortality. Primary efficacy endpoints were haemodynamic and functional improvement at 12 months. One hundred and thirty patients (61 TF, 69 TA), aged 82.1 ± 5.5 years were included. TA patients had higher logistic EuroSCORE (33.8 vs. 25.7, P <0.0005) and more peripheral disease (49.3 vs. 16.4, P< 0.0001). Procedures were aborted in four TA (5.8) and six TF cases (9.8). Valve implantation was successful in the remaining patients in 95.4 and 96.4, respectively. Thirty days and 6 months survival were 81.2 and 58.0 (TA) and 91.8 and 90.2 (TF). In both groups, mean aortic gradient decreased from 46.9 ± 18.1 to 10.9 ± 5.4 mmHg 6 months post-TAVI. In total, 78.1 and 84.8 of patients experienced significant improvement in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, whereas 73.9 and 72.7 had improved Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) scores in TA and TF cohorts, respectively.ConclusionThis first team-based multi-centre European TAVI registry shows promising results in high-risk patients treated by TF or TA delivery. Survival rates differ significantly between TF and TA groups and probably reflect the higher risk profile of the TA cohort. Optimal patient screening, approach selection, and device refinement may improve outcomes

Оптимизация хирургической тактики лечения локализованных форм рака толстой кишки (обзор литературы)

Malignant tumors have long occupied a special place in medicine and many researchers in different areas focused their attention on these disorders. Particular attention should be paid to gastrointestinal tumors with colon cancer being the most common among them. Moreover, the incidence of colon cancer is constantly growing.Despite the extensive experience in surgical treatment for colon cancer, we are still in search for new optimal methods that can increase overall and relapse-free survival without increasing the incidence of intra- and post-operative complications that are always associated with the volume of surgery.Recently, there has been a stable trend towards organ-sparing techniques. Segmental resections have become widely used in patients with localized cancer of the left colon and are now considered as an alternative to traditional left hemicolectomy. These two techniques demonstrated no significant differences in long-term outcomes. Then segmental resections became widely used in patients with localized tumors of the right colon and middle third of the transverse colon. These surgeries demonstrated their efficacy and good long-term outcomes.As for caecal cancer, the literature on this subject is too scant to make any conclusions about the rationality and feasibility of ileocecal resections. This implies that the utility of the method and its potential implications should be evaluated in further studies, including prospective ones that will compare both short-term and long-term outcomes. This literature review analyzes anatomical and physiological characteristics of right and left colon tumors, outlines generally accepted standards of lymphadenectomy, and summarizes the information on novel surgical techniques for colorectal cancer.Злокачественные новообразования на протяжении многих десятилетий занимают особое место в медицине, фокусируя на себе внимание исследователей разных специальностей. Самое пристальное внимание стоит уделить опухолям желудочно-кишечного тракта, среди которых рак ободочной кишки стабильно занимает 1-е место, имея тенденцию к ежегодному росту показателя заболеваемости.Несмотря на многолетний накопленный опыт хирургического лечения злокачественных новообразований толстой кишки, сохраняется необходимость поиска новых оптимальных методов лечения, способных повысить показатели общей и безрецидивной выживаемости, при этом учитывая вероятность осложнений, возникающих в интра- и послеоперационном периоде, которые неизменно связаны с объемом выполняемых оперативных вмешательств.Со временем в клинической практике хирургов наметилась тенденция к выбору органосохраняющих методик. Сегментарные резекции нашли широкое применение при локализованных формах рака левого изгиба ободочной кишки, став альтернативой общепринятой методике левосторонней гемиколэктомии. Опыт их применения не показал статистически значимых различий в отношении отдаленных онкологических результатов. Впоследствии сегментарные резекции начали активно проводиться при локализованных формах рака правого изгиба и средней трети поперечной ободочной кишки, доказывая свою целесообразность и демонстрируя отсутствие статистически значимых различий в долгосрочных исходах лечения.Что касается рака слепой кишки, то представленных на сегодняшний день данных литературы и описанных научных исследований недостаточно, чтобы уверенно говорить о рациональности и обоснованности широкого применения илеоцекальных резекций. Из чего следует, что возможность использования, а также потенциальная область приложения данной методики требуют дальнейшего изучения, в том числе в рамках проспективных исследований, с последующим сравнительным анализом как непосредственных, так и отдаленных результатов лечения. В представленном обзоре литературы были проанализированы анатомо-физиологические особенности правосторонней и левосторонней локализации опухолей ободочной кишки, изложены общепринятые стандарты лимфаденэктомии и обобщены данные о результатах применения современных методик оперативного лечения колоректального рака

РОЛЬ ТРЕХМЕРНОГО КОМПЬЮТЕРНОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ БРОНХОСОСУДИСТЫХ СТРУКТУР ПРИ РАДИКАЛЬНЫХ СУБЛОБАРНЫХ АНАТОМИЧЕСКИХ РЕЗЕКЦИЯХ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ПЕРИФЕРИЧЕСКИМИ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯМИ ЛЕГКИХ

In recent years, there is a steady tendency of increase in the number of minimally invasive, organ safety surgical treatment in thoracic oncology, such as video-assisted thoracoscopic segmentectomy, requiring a maximal information about broncho- and angioarchitectonics in the affected lung segment. The use of multislice computed tomography and postprocessing software packages allows to get highly informative three-dimensional reconstruction of broncho-vascular structures that contribute to safety and individual approach of surgical admission.В последние годы четко прослеживается тенденция к увеличению количества таких малоинвазивных, органосохраняющих оперативных вмешательств в торакальной онкологии, как видеоассистированная торакоскопическая сегментэктомия, требующая максимальной информации о бронхо- и ангиоархитектонике в пораженном сегменте легкого. Применение мультиспиральной рентгеновской компьютерной томографии и программных пакетов постпроцессорной обработки в настоящее время позволяет получать высокоинформативные трехмерные реконструкции бронхососудистых структур, что способствует безопасности и индивидуальному подходу к выполнению операции

Analysis and Functional Consequences of Increased Fab-Sialylation of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) after Lectin Fractionation

It has been proposed that the anti-inflammatory effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) might be due to the small fraction of Fc-sialylated IgG. In this study we biochemically and functionally characterized sialic acid-enriched IgG obtained by Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) lectin fractionation. Two main IgG fractions isolated by elution with lactose (E1) or acidified lactose (E2) were analyzed for total IgG, F(ab’)2 and Fc-specific sialic acid content, their pattern of specific antibodies and anti-inflammatory potential in a human in vitro inflammation system based on LPS- or PHA-stimulated whole blood. HPLC and LC-MS testing revealed an increase of sialylated IgG in E1 and more substantially in the E2 fraction. Significantly, the increased amount of sialic acid residues was primarily found in the Fab region whereas only a minor increase was observed in the Fc region. This indicates preferential binding of the Fab sialic acid to SNA. ELISA analyses of a representative range of pathogen and auto-antigens indicated a skewed antibody pattern of the sialylated IVIG fractions. Finally, the E2 fraction exerted a more profound anti-inflammatory effect compared to E1 or IVIG, evidenced by reduced CD54 expression on monocytes and reduced secretion of MCP-1 (CCL2); again these effects were Fab- but not Fc-dependent. Our results show that SNA fractionation of IVIG yields a minor fraction (approx. 10%) of highly sialylated IgG, wherein the sialic acid is mainly found in the Fab region. The tested anti-inflammatory activity was associated with Fab not Fc sialylation

Применение радиомеченых лигандов к простатспецифическому мембранному антигену для определения локализации биохимического рецидива рака предстательной железы методом ПЭТ/КТ (обзор литературы)

In present days positron emission tomography combined with X-ray computed tomography (PET/CT) is a highly informative, actively developing method of visualization in oncology, and in particular in oncourology. It is widely used to determine the localization of biochemical recurrence (BR) of prostate cancer (PCa). This survey article presents modern trends and prospects of the development of PET visualization of BR of PCa. It shows the diagnostic capabilities of PET/CT with various radiopharmaceuticals, including ligands for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), their main advantages and disadvantages. Brief historical information, the evolution of radiopharmaceuticals based on ligands to PSMA as the most promising group of radiopharmaceuticals are provided in the article. The biochemical basis of visualization, the main difficulties and possible errors in the interpretation of data, as well as the ways of overcoming them proposed by the researchers are highlighted.В настоящее время позитронная эмиссионная томография, совмещенная с рентгеновской компьютерной томографией (ПЭТ/КТ), является высокоинформативным, активно развивающимся методом визуализации в онкологии, в частности в онкоурологии, где широко применяется для определения локализации рака предстательной железы (РПЖ). В статье освещены современные тенденции и перспективы развития ПЭТвизуализации биохимического рецидива РПЖ, изложены диагностические возможности ПЭТ/КТ с различными радиофармацевтическими препаратами (РФП), в том числе наиболее широко изучаемыми на настоящий момент – лигандами к простатспецифическому мембранному антигену (ПСМА), рассмотрены их основные достоинства и недостатки. Приведены краткие исторические сведения, освещены эволюция РФП на основе лигандов к ПСМА, биохимические основы визуализации, основные трудности и возможные ошибки в интерпретации полученных данных, а также предлагаемые исследователями пути их преодоления

Preliminary results from the CMD-2 detector

A new general-purpose detector CMD-2 (calorimetric magnetic detector has started experiments at the upgraded e{sup {plus}}e{sup {minus}} collider VEPP-2M (collider for electron-positron beams) at Novosibirsk. During early runs an integrated luminosity of about 400 inverse nanobarns has been collected in the center of mass energy range 400{endash}1030 MeV