805 research outputs found
Can Long-Range Nuclear Properties Be Influenced By Short Range Interactions? A chiral dynamics estimate
Recent experiments and many-body calculations indicate that approximately
20\% of the nucleons in medium and heavy nuclei () are part of
short-range correlated (SRC) primarily neutron-proton () pairs. We find
that using chiral dynamics to account for the formation of pairs due to
the effects of iterated and irreducible two-pion exchange leads to values
consistent with the 20\% level. We further apply chiral dynamics to study how
these correlations influence the calculations of nuclear charge radii, that
traditionally truncate their effect, to find that they are capable of
introducing non-negligible effects.Comment: 6 pages, 0 figures. This version includes many improvement
Short range correlations and the isospin dependence of nuclear correlation functions
Pair densities and associated correlation functions provide a critical tool
for introducing many-body correlations into a wide-range of effective theories.
Ab initio calculations show that two-nucleon pair-densities exhibit strong spin
and isospin dependence. However, such calculations are not available for all
nuclei of current interest. We therefore provide a simple model, which involves
combining the short and long separation distance behavior using a single
blending function, to accurately describe the two-nucleon correlations inherent
in existing ab initio calculations. We show that the salient features of the
correlation function arise from the features of the two-body short-range
nuclear interaction, and that the suppression of the pp and nn pair-densities
caused by the Pauli principle is important. Our procedure for obtaining
pair-density functions and correlation functions can be applied to heavy nuclei
which lack ab initio calculations.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Nucleon-Nucleon Correlations, Short-Lived Excitations, and the Quarks Within
This article reviews our current understanding of how the internal quark structure of a nucleon bound in nuclei differs from that of a free nucleon. The interpretation of measurements of the European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect for valence quarks, a reduction in the deep inelastic scattering cross-section ratios for nuclei relative to deuterium, and its possible connection to nucleon-nucleon short-range correlations (SRCs) in nuclei are focused on. This review and new analysis (involving the amplitudes of non-nucleonic configurations in the nucleus) of the available experimental and theoretical evidence shows that there is a phenomenological relation between the EMC effect and the effects of SRCs that is not an accident. The influence of strongly correlated neutron-proton pairs involving highly virtual nucleons is responsible for both effects. These correlated pairs are temporary high-density fluctuations in the nucleus in which the internal structure of the nucleons is briefly modified. This conclusion needs to be solidified by the future experiments and improved theoretical analyses that are discussed herein
Nucleon-Nucleon Correlations, Short-Lived Excitations, and the Quarks Within
This article reviews our current understanding of how the internal quark structure of a nucleon bound in nuclei differs from that of a free nucleon. The interpretation of measurements of the European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect for valence quarks, a reduction in the deep inelastic scattering cross-section ratios for nuclei relative to deuterium, and its possible connection to nucleon-nucleon short-range correlations (SRCs) in nuclei are focused on. This review and new analysis (involving the amplitudes of non-nucleonic configurations in the nucleus) of the available experimental and theoretical evidence shows that there is a phenomenological relation between the EMC effect and the effects of SRCs that is not an accident. The influence of strongly correlated neutron-proton pairs involving highly virtual nucleons is responsible for both effects. These correlated pairs are temporary high-density fluctuations in the nucleus in which the internal structure of the nucleons is briefly modified. This conclusion needs to be solidified by the future experiments and improved theoretical analyses that are discussed herein
Structural, electronic, and magnetic characteristics of Np_2Co_(17)
A previously unknown neptunium-transition-metal binary compound Np_2Co_(17) has been synthesized and characterized by means of powder x-ray diffraction, ^(237)Np Mössbauer spectroscopy, superconducting-quantum-interference-device magnetometry, and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The compound crystallizes in a Th_2Ni_(17)-type hexagonal structure with room-temperature lattice parameters α=8.3107(1) Å and c=8.1058(1) Å. Magnetization curves indicate the occurrence of ferromagnetic order below T_C>350 K. Mössbauer spectra suggest a Np^(3+) oxidation state and give an ordered moment of μ_(Np)=1.57(4) μ_B and μ_(Np)=1.63(4) μ_B for the Np atoms located, respectively, at the 2b and 2d crystallographic positions of the P6_3/mmc space group. Combining these values with a sum-rule analysis of the XMCD spectra measured at the neptunium M_(4,5) absorption edges, one obtains the spin and orbital contributions to the site-averaged Np moment [μ_S=−1.88(9) μ_B, μ_L=3.48(9) μ_B]. The ratio between the expectation value of the magnetic-dipole moment and the spin magnetic moment (m_(md)/μS=+1.36) is positive as predicted for localized 5f electrons and lies between the values calculated in intermediate-coupling (IC) and jj approximations. The expectation value of the angular part of the spin-orbit-interaction operator is in excellent agreement with the IC estimate. The ordered moment averaged over the four inequivalent Co sites, as obtained from the saturation value of the magnetization, is μ_(Co)≃1.6 μ_B. The experimental results are discussed against the predictions of first-principles electronic-structure calculations based on the spin-polarized local-spin-density approximation plus the Hubbard interaction
Laser Calibration System for Time of Flight Scintillator Arrays
A laser calibration system was developed for monitoring and calibrating time
of flight (TOF) scintillating detector arrays. The system includes setups for
both small- and large-scale scintillator arrays. Following test-bench
characterization, the laser system was recently commissioned in experimental
Hall B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility for use on the new
Backward Angle Neutron Detector (BAND) scintillator array. The system
successfully provided time walk corrections, absolute time calibration, and TOF
drift correction for the scintillators in BAND. This showcases the general
applicability of the system for use on high-precision TOF detectors.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figure
- …