Internal combustion engine as electrical machine

The features of the development of power units of power machines are considered. Competition, imposed by the construction of electric vehicles, requires a review of the physical processes occurring in the internal combustion engine (ICE). The combustion gases are a plasma. An important act is the emission of free electrons. It is proposed to consider ICE as an electric machine. The modernization of the structural elements of the combustion chamber is being discussed. They must become sources of free electrons. Thermodynamic processes are considered to be electrodynamic. The goal is the formation of increased concentrations of free electrons. It is proposed to place electron emission catalysts on the inner surfaces of the combustion chamber. Vibrations of the internal elements of the combustion chamber are considered as a source of triboelectricity

Web-microscopy of crystalline forms

The use of Web-microscopy to determine the morphological forms of minerals is discussed. Like other branches of technology, the development of computer crystallography and the recognition of geological minerals are relevant. The perspective direction: express diagnostics by means of electronic gadgets. Web cameras have become publicly available image recording tools. Focusing of the rays on the sensor requires the use of a lens with a short focal length. The lens arrangement is optimized as close as possible to the recording matrix. In this way, high-resolution photographs are obtained for the optical region of the spectrum. The digital form of presentation of graphics creates conditions for the use of software for pattern recognition. A variety of forms based on a single mineral can be classified using deep training techniques

Concept of modernization of input device of oil and gas separator

The process of defoaming in oil production is discussed. This technology is important in oil and gas fields. Today, the technology of separating the gas fraction is based on chemical catalysis. The use of mechanical technologies improves the economics of the process. Modernization of the separator input device is based on the use of long thin tubes. The chosen length of the tubes is two orders of magnitude larger than the diameter. The separation problem is solved by creating a high centrifugal acceleration. The tubes of the input device are connected in parallel and divide the input stream into several arms. The separated fluid flows are directed tangentially into the working tubes to create a vortex motion. The number of tubes connected in parallel is calculated in accordance with the flow rate of the fluid. The connection of the working tubes to the supply line is made in the form of a flange. This connection allows carrying out maintenance without stopping the flow of fluid. An important feature of this device is its high potential for further modernization. It is concerned with the determination of the parameters of the tubes and the connection geometry in the construction of a single product

Ways of helium development in Eastern Siberia

The Baikal natural gas deposits are ten times higher than the Orenburg oil and gas condensate field in terms of helium content. The Orenburg field is the raw material base of the Orenburg helium plant, which is part of Gazprom Dobycha Orenburg. Helium is characterized by increased ability to leak out. It is no coincidence that two deposits of Eastern Siberia geographically gravitate towards the deep Baikal fault. Hydrocarbon deposits in the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory characterized by an increased fracturing system may have interconnections with deep faults. The study of such geological conditions in the development process is promising for increasing the raw material base of helium mining. Helium production technology is based on low-temperature gas condensation. The application of membrane gas separation technology is promising. Separation blocks can be incorporated into the infrastructure of compressor stations. This approach to the deployment of helium production capacities will increase the efficiency of capital investments. Relatively small volumes of productive helium can be transported without reference to pipeline systems. The proximity to the Yenisei and the Northern Sea Route makes the issue of the development of gas condensate production relevant. Placing production wells near the intersection of several fracturing faults is also effective in terms of high inflows. Of particular interest are wells drilled near discontinuous faults. Under these conditions, one can rely on helium inflows through microcrack systems from deep horizons

Environmental trends in fracturing technologies

The development of heavy oil fields has been actively on the agenda. The problem arises due to the depletion of deposits with easily recoverable reserves, as well as due to the large reserves of shale oil and gas. Modern technology is gradually reaching an acceptable level of profitability. Many tasks remain to reduce environmental pressure on the environment. An important step in this direction was made with the introduction of electric fracturing technology. Technologies for isolating the mining zone are being developed. A variety of approaches are used to recover heavy oil. Use formation heating in various ways. Separate formation fluids into fractions in order to diversify recovery methods. Great prospects are opened using combined methods of exposure to kerogen. At the same time, many questions remain on methods for the further development of shale hydrocarbons. This is the development of norms and rules for the development of heavy oil. Coordination of actions of law-enforcement bodies and activity of technology developers is required. It is necessary to develop technological approaches that have shown their environmental effectiveness

Analysis of permafrost conditioning in the oil field

Based on model concepts, the technique of maintaining the stability of the permafrost layer is analyzed. An injection well is considered as a reference channel for injecting a mixture of liquid and gas. The purpose of this technology is to control the flow of heat. The development of hydrocarbon deposits in the extreme north requires the preservation of perennial frozen soils in a stable solid state. Stable condition of frozen soils is a guarantee of well operability. An injection well is used to inject refrigerant into the frozen soil zone. When using packers to separate said portion, the injection process to maintain reservoir pressure may continue in the usual manner. Permanent frozen soils are conditioned using a mixture of liquid and gas. This mixture allows you to control the parameters of temperature, pressure and heat capacity over a wide range. The directions of the mixture are formed using a packer system. Packers are installed in the tubing and in the annulus. The formation of a coolant agent is organized directly in the well above the working formation. The technique of ejector pumps is used. The ejector is a device for controlling the parameters of the mixture. The components of the mixture are fed through columns (pipes). The organization of the movement of components is considered as an additional degree of freedom. The proposed technology allows you to use an additional option for the operation of the existing layout of wells in the oil and gas field. The usual practice of the operation of the fishery may remain unchanged

Principles of designing well separators

Текст статьи не публикуется в открытом доступе в соответствии с политикой журнала.Vortex motion is effectively used in the development of wellbore filter designs. Further development of the principles of such design requires the development of some principles based on experimental observations and computer modeling. A constructive analogy between the wellbore filter and the Ranque vortex tube is shown. The results of experimental and theoretical studies of the vortex tube are applied as a basis for designing a well separator. Recommendations are formulated regarding the radius of the inner branch pipe of the downhole filter placed in the body. Approaches are discussed when choosing the length of the working section of the well separator, as well as the choice of the shape of the input cochlear, the size of the outlet diaphragm, and the shape of the sand suspension window. © 2018 Institut za Istrazivanja. All Rights Reserved