Low-Cost Body Biasing Injection (BBI) Attacks on WLCSP Devices

Body Biasing Injection (BBI) uses a voltage applied with a physical probe onto the backside of the integrated circuit die. Compared to other techniques such as electromagnetic fault injection (EMFI) or Laser Fault Injection (LFI), this technique appears less popular in academic literature based on published results. It is hypothesized being due to (1) moderate cost of equipment, and (2) effort required in device preperation. This work demonstrates that BBI (and indeed many other backside attacks) can be trivially performed on Wafer-Level Chip-Scale Packaging (WLCSP), which inherently expose the die backside. A low-cost ($15) design for the BBI tool is introduced, and validated with faults introduced on a STM32F415OG against code flow, RSA, and some initial results on various hardware block attacks are discussed

Optical properties of ZnO nanorods and nanowires

We report continuous-wave and time-resolved optical spectroscopy of ZnO nanorods and nanowires of varying diameters grown by MOVPE, under varying thermo-dynamical conditions. We discuss the influence of these conditions on the different spectral components. Two families of photoluminescence, lines are identified. The first one is related to defect-bound excitons and to their two-electron replica. The second one is correlated to near surface states. The relative intensities of various contributions appear to be strongly dependent on the growth conditions and of the diameter of the nanostructures. Photoluminescence decay time of the different lines has been measured on one of the samples. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.X1112sciescopu

Project of an architecture for the command of an electronic switching system

The peripheral devices and command modules communicate through a linking system using an entirely distributed allocation mechanism. This architecture is based upon a pool organisation of the command modules, series lines, etc. Modularity and safety-availability are the guidelines of the choices to be made. The aim is to study the problems arising in the design of a 50 dials/second, standard microprocessor-based, telephonic system

Optical properties of ZnO nanorods and nanowires

We report continuous-wave and time-resolved optical spectroscopy of ZnO nanorods and nanowires of varying diameters grown by MOVPE, under varying thermo-dynamical conditions. We discuss the influence of these conditions on the different spectral components. Two families of photoluminescence, lines are identified. The first one is related to defect-bound excitons and to their two-electron replica. The second one is correlated to near surface states. The relative intensities of various contributions appear to be strongly dependent on the growth conditions and of the diameter of the nanostructures. Photoluminescence decay time of the different lines has been measured on one of the samples.We acknowledge support from the French Ministry of Education, Research and Technology within the NANOZINOX Research Programs

Diabetes mellitus induced by PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors: description of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine phenotype

AIMS: Programmed cell death-1 and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors restore antitumor immunity, but many autoimmune side-effects have been described. Diabetes mellitus is a rare complication, and little data concerning its pathophysiology and phenotype have been published. This study aimed to describe both pancreatic endocrine and exocrine functions, immunological features and change in pancreas volume in subjects with diabetes mellitus induced by PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors. METHODS: We analyzed the data of six subjects treated with immunotherapy who presented acute diabetes. RESULTS: There were five men and one woman. Median age was 67 years (range 55-83). Three subjects were treated with nivolumab, two with pembrolizumab and one with durvalumab. Median time to diabetes onset after immunotherapy initiation was 4 months (range 2-13). Four patients presented fulminant diabetes (FD); none of these had type 1 diabetes (T1D)-related autoantibodies, none of them had T1D or FD-very high-risk HLA class II profiles. The bi-hormonal endocrine and exocrine pancreatic failure previously reported for one FD patient was not found in other FD subjects, but glucagon response was blunted in another FD patient. Pancreas volume was decreased at diabetes onset in 2 FD patients, and all patients presented a subsequent decrease of pancreas volume during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In the patients presented herein, immunotherapy-induced diabetes was not associated with T1D-related autoantibodies. The hormonal and morphological analysis of the pancreatic glands of these six cases contributes to the understanding of the underlying and probably heterogeneous mechanisms. There is a need to find biomarkers to identify patients at risk to develop these new forms of diabetes at early stages of the process to prevent ketoacidosis and to evaluate preventive strategies