Modeling of Complex Formation Equilibria and Proton and Ligand Exchange Reactions in Aqueous Solutions of Oxovanadium(IV) with L- and DL-Histidine

For the further development of the magnetic relaxation method, the STABLAB program was implemented, which makes it possible to calculate both thermodynamic equilibrium parameters and kinetic characteristics of the proton and ligand exchange reactions from the results of parallel measurements of the spin relaxation times T1 and T2, of solvent nuclei. With this program, the nuclear magnetic relaxation data on water protons were used to calculate the stability constants and proton and ligand exchange rates for the complexes formed in the oxovanadium(IV)-L-histidine (LH) and oxovanadium(IV)-DL-histidine systems at pH 0.5-10: VOLH, VO(LH)2, VOL, VOL2H, VOL2, VOL2H1, and (VO)2L2H-2. The structures of these complexes were determined based on the comparison of isotropic EPR parameters, stability constants, and molar proton relaxation coefficients. LH is coordinated in the equatorial plane of oxovanadium(IV) through the NH2 and COO- groups or through the imidazole nitrogen atom and the carboxy group; both of these coordination modes concurrently occur in the VO(LH)2 structure. The occurrence of two ligands exerts a synergistic effect on stabilization of the VO(LH)2, VOL2H, and VOL2 bis-complexes, which is explained by the effect of d-π bonding in the complexes with the trans arrangement of the imidazole nitrogen atom of one ligand and the COO- group of the other ligand in the equatorial plane. This d-π bonding is the main cause of some other unusual effects - the stereoselectivity in the formation of the VOL2 complex and the fast spontaneous proton exchange for VOL2H-1. In the proton exchange reactions, the enhanced kinetic activity of the LH2 form is attributed to the occurrence of the intraligand microequilibrium of the proton migration from the imidazole moiety to the carboxy group in interaction with VO2+ and to the fast interligand proton transfer in interaction with VOLH. A significant stereoeffect in the ligand exchange reactions was found for the first time: the rate constant of the exchange between VOL2 and L in solutions with L-histidine is 1.5 times the constant in solutions with DL-histidine. This is rationalized by the fact that the imidazole nitrogen atom in the VOL2 meso form efficiently protect the axial position from the attack of the entering ligand. The extremely high kinetic activity of the LH form in the ligand exchange with the oxovanadium(IV) complexes as compared to the complexes of other metal ions is attributed to a special mechanism that implies the formation of the hydrogen bond involving the protonated nitrogen atom of LH and the oxygen atom of V=O, as well as to a rather high nucleophilicity of the imidazole nitrogen atom of LH

Technique of Professionally-Applied Physical Training of Students of Building Specialties by Means of Orienteering

The problems of optimization of the educational process of physical culture in a higher educational institution are considered. Attention is paid to the development of professionally applied physical qualities of students in building specialties. The question of professional training with means of orienteering is being raised. The authors proceed from the assumption that the use of means and methods of orienteering in the classroom will lead to an improvement in the indexes of physical qualities, functional training and the working capacity of the civil engineer. It is noted that orienteering, as a sport, has a direct applied transfer of motor and associated skills. It is emphasized that the competences formed at students can find application in labor activity of the building specialist. The conclusion is made that the technique used leads to changes in the morphofunctional and motor components of physical readiness for labor activity. The results of a comparative analysis of the experimental and control groups on the indexes of physical development, functional state and physical qualities peculiar to builders are presented. The authors dwell on the development and approbation of the methodology used directly in the physical training classes for building students. It is proved that orienteering is an applied sport for the building specialties of the university, the means of which lead to the development of the physical qualities of a civil engineer

Оценка гетерозиса в реципрокных скрещиваниях инбредных линий партенокарпического огурца (Cucumis sativus L.)

The purpose of the study. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of heterosis in short-fruited parthenocarpic F1 cucumber hybrids by the main economically valuable characteristics, when grown using low-volume technology in industrial greenhouses of the Moscow region.Materials and methods. The object of the study is short-fruited parthenocarpic reciprocal hybrids of cucumber Druzhny (F1 I73514 x I74011), F1 I74011 x I73514 and their parent inbred lines I73514 and I74011 of selection by N.N. Timofeev Breeding Station LLC. F1 SV4097CV of foreign selection of Semenis company (Netherlands) was used as a control. The study was conducted in 2020-2021 in industrial greenhouses of the "V. I. Edelstein Vegetable Experimental Station" of the K.A. Timiryazev Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Agricultural Academy in Moscow on low-volume hydroponics in peat bags. Parental lines and hybrid combinations were evaluated by earliness, early yield, yield, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight and marketability.Results. According to the results of the study, F1 Druzhny (F1 I73514 x I74011) and the reverse hybrid I73514 x I74011 demonstrated high positive effects of heterosis in yield (MPH=19.4...22%; HPH=13.4...15.9%; CH=9.6...12%) and the number of fruits per plant (MPH=22.5...26.4%; HPH=12.5...15.8%; CH=11.7...15%). Negative indicators of the heterosis effect were noted for earliness from germination to flowering (MPH=-3.4...-1.1%; HPH=-6.5...-4.4%; CH=-4.4...-2.2%) and average fruit weight (MPH=-2.2...-1.3%; HPH=-5.3...-4.3%; CH=-3.4...-2.4%). The value of the degree of dominance indicates the presence of positive overdominance in the inheritance of such traits as yield (hp=2.7...3.2), the number of fruits from the plant (hp=1.5...1.9) and marketability (hp=1.6...2.3). Negative overdomination was observed in earliness from germination to flowering (hp= -2...-1.3) and average fruit weight (hp=-1.7...-1.2). According to the signs of earliness from germination to fruiting (hp =0) and early yield (hp=-0.1...0.5), intermediate inheritance was revealed. The Druzhny hybrid significantly exceeded the control hybrid SV4097CV in early yield, yield and number of fruits from the plant, and the reverse hybrid F1 I74011 x I73514 was at the control level, which indicates the prospects of growing these hybrids in the conditions of spring-summer turnover on low-volume hydroponics.Цель исследования. Определение эффекта гетерозиса у короткоплодных партенокарпических F1 гибридов огурца по основным хозяйственно ценным признакам, при выращивании по малообъёмной технологии в промышленных теплицах Московского региона.Материалы и методы. Объект исследования – короткоплодные партенокарпические реципрокные гибриды огурца Дружный (F1 I73514 x I74011), F1 I74011 x I73514 и их родительские инбредные линии I73514 и I74011 селекции ООО «Селекционная станция имени Н.Н. Тимофеева». В качестве контроля использовали F1 SV4097CV зарубежной селекции фирмы «Semenis» (Нидерланды). Исследование проводили в 2020-2021 годах в промышленных плёночных теплицах «Овощной опытной станции им. В.И. Эдельштейна» ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева в городе Москва на малообъемной гидропонике в торфяных мешках. Оценивали родительские линии и гибридные комбинации по раннеспелости, скороспелости, урожайности, числу плодов с растения, средней массе плода и товарности.Результаты. Согласно результатам исследования F1 Дружный (F1 I73514 x I74011) и обратный гибрид I73514 х I74011 показали высокие положительные эффекты гетерозиса по урожайности (MPH=19,4…22%; HPH=13,4…15,9%; CH=9,6…12%) и числу плодов с одного растения (MPH=22,5…26,4%; HPH=12,5…15,8%; CH=11,7…15%). Отрицательные показатели эффекта гетерозиса отмечались по раннеспелости от всходов до цветения (MPH=-3,4…-1,1%; HPH=-6,5…- 4,4%; CH=-4,4…-2,2%) и средней массе плода (MPH=-2,2…-1,3%; HPH=-5,3…-4,3%; CH=-3,4…- 2,4%). Значение степени доминантности указывает на наличие положительного сверхдоминирования в наследовании таких признаков как урожайность (hp=2,7…3,2), число плодов с растения (hp=1,5…1,9) и товарность (hp=1,6…2,3). Отрицательное сверхдоминирование наблюдалось по раннеспелости («всходы-цветение») (hp=-2…-1,3) и средней массе плода (hp=-1,7…- 1,2). По признакам раннеспелость («всходы-начало плодоношения») (hp=0) и «скороспелость» (hp=-0,1…0,5) выявлено промежуточное наследование. Гибрид Дружный значимо превышал контрольный гибрид SV4097CV по скороспелости, урожайности и числу плодов с растения, а обратный гибрид F1 I74011 х I73514 был на уровне контроля, что указывает на перспективность выращивания этих гибридов в условиях весенне-летнего оборота на малообъёмной гидропонике

Hernia or hernia Defect? Experimental herniology Models in Laboratory Animals

Hernias of the anterior abdominal wall remain one of the most common surgery pathologies. There is no unified approach to modeling anterior abdominal wall hernias in the world scientific community. In order to systematize the available knowledge in this field and to contribute to the formation of a unified idea of how to create a hernia model in a laboratory animal, it seems logical to study the accumulated experience of researchers in the field of experimental herniology. We found out that hernia defects generally modeled on male laboratory rats. To understand the tissue reaction to the prosthetic material a fenestration was performed in the anterior abdominal wall (including peritoneum) except for the skin and subcutaneous fat. A replacement or prosthetic material tailored to the fenestration was sutured end-to-end into the abdominal wall. We chose laboratory rats because they are easy to take care of and cheaper than larger laboratory animals

ОЦЕНКА КОМБИНАЦИОННОЙ СПОСОБНОСТИ ПАРТЕНОКАРПИЧЕСКИХ ГИНОЦИЙНЫХ И МОНОЦИЙНЫХ ЛИНИЙ ОГУРЦА ПО ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ КОРНИШОНОВ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ СТАНДАРТНЫХ ПЛОДОВ

The results of a study of the genetic control and evaluation of combining ability for productivity of pickling cucumbers and standard fruits of 20 cucumber lines obtained after crossing 10 parthenocarpic gynoecious and 10 monoecious lines resistant to downy mildew are presented in the article. The cucumber lines with the high combining ability were identified. In the future, these lines will be used in breeding programs.Представлены результаты изучения генетического контроля и комбинационной способности 20 линий огурца по продуктивности корнишонов и продуктивности стандартных плодов при скрещивании 10 партенокарпических гиноцийных с 10 моноцийными устойчивыми к пероноспорозу линиями огурца. Выявлены линии с высокой комбинационной способностью для дальнейшего использования в селекционной программе

Service sector of India: ICT and the questions of employment

Under the conditions of tough competition and complicated economic situation all governments of each national economy face with the problem of the economy transition to the new model of development. Today a lot of countries set a goal of gradual transition to the innovative social oriented model of development. This transition has to be accompanied by stable inclusive economic development and qualitative changes at all sectors of the economy. Article is dedicated to the Indian service sector, that is dominating and growing rather fats at the structure of India’ GDP. However, service sector has some problem such as the question of employment. The author pays the attention to the problem of the service sector employment too

Will Banks Continue as Generators of Inflation?

The USSR economy is going through one of the most difficult periods in its history. Crisis phenomena are gripping newer and newer spheres and are gaining momentum. The mounting commodity-monetary imbalance has caused the disintegration of economic relations, the curtailment of production volumes, the lowering of the population's living standard, and as a consequence, increasing social confrontation in society (Russia and Germany experienced similar situations during and after World War I, as did many Latin American countries from the 1960s to the 1980s). What is more, as a result of the administrative policy of holding down prices, enterprises and the population accumulated an amount of surplus money that is substantially greater than the volume of annual commodity turnover. Its simultaneous entry into commodity markets leads to hyperinflation and the disintegration of the economy into individual barter economies.

EVALUATION OF COMBINING ABILITY OF PARTHENOCARPIC GENOECIOUS AND MONOECIOUS LINES FOR PRODUCTIVITY OF PICKLING CUCUMBERS AND STANDARD FRUITS

The results of a study of the genetic control and evaluation of combining ability for productivity of pickling cucumbers and standard fruits of 20 cucumber lines obtained after crossing 10 parthenocarpic gynoecious and 10 monoecious lines resistant to downy mildew are presented in the article. The cucumber lines with the high combining ability were identified. In the future, these lines will be used in breeding programs

Modeling of Complex Formation Equilibria and Proton and Ligand Exchange Reactions in Aqueous Solutions of Oxovanadium(IV) with L- and DL-Histidine

For the further development of the magnetic relaxation method, the STABLAB program was implemented, which makes it possible to calculate both thermodynamic equilibrium parameters and kinetic characteristics of the proton and ligand exchange reactions from the results of parallel measurements of the spin relaxation times T1 and T2, of solvent nuclei. With this program, the nuclear magnetic relaxation data on water protons were used to calculate the stability constants and proton and ligand exchange rates for the complexes formed in the oxovanadium(IV)-L-histidine (LH) and oxovanadium(IV)-DL-histidine systems at pH 0.5-10: VOLH, VO(LH)2, VOL, VOL2H, VOL2, VOL2H1, and (VO)2L2H-2. The structures of these complexes were determined based on the comparison of isotropic EPR parameters, stability constants, and molar proton relaxation coefficients. LH is coordinated in the equatorial plane of oxovanadium(IV) through the NH2 and COO- groups or through the imidazole nitrogen atom and the carboxy group; both of these coordination modes concurrently occur in the VO(LH)2 structure. The occurrence of two ligands exerts a synergistic effect on stabilization of the VO(LH)2, VOL2H, and VOL2 bis-complexes, which is explained by the effect of d-π bonding in the complexes with the trans arrangement of the imidazole nitrogen atom of one ligand and the COO- group of the other ligand in the equatorial plane. This d-π bonding is the main cause of some other unusual effects - the stereoselectivity in the formation of the VOL2 complex and the fast spontaneous proton exchange for VOL2H-1. In the proton exchange reactions, the enhanced kinetic activity of the LH2 form is attributed to the occurrence of the intraligand microequilibrium of the proton migration from the imidazole moiety to the carboxy group in interaction with VO2+ and to the fast interligand proton transfer in interaction with VOLH. A significant stereoeffect in the ligand exchange reactions was found for the first time: the rate constant of the exchange between VOL2 and L in solutions with L-histidine is 1.5 times the constant in solutions with DL-histidine. This is rationalized by the fact that the imidazole nitrogen atom in the VOL2 meso form efficiently protect the axial position from the attack of the entering ligand. The extremely high kinetic activity of the LH form in the ligand exchange with the oxovanadium(IV) complexes as compared to the complexes of other metal ions is attributed to a special mechanism that implies the formation of the hydrogen bond involving the protonated nitrogen atom of LH and the oxygen atom of V=O, as well as to a rather high nucleophilicity of the imidazole nitrogen atom of LH