Indicators of similarity and dissimilarity of multi-attribute objects in the metric spaces of sets and multisets

This paper considers new classes of metric spaces of finite, bounded, and measurable sets and multisets. The possibilities are shown for using new types of metrics to evaluate the similarity or dissimilarity of multi-attribute objects that are present in several instances with differing values of attributes and are represented by multisets of attribut

Pipelined block-lifting-based embedded processor for multiplying quaternions using distributed arithmetic

This paper presents a systematic design of the of the integer-to-integer invertible quaternionic multiplier based on the block-lifting structure and pipelined embedded processor of the given multiplier using distributed arithmetic (DA) as a block of M-band linear phase paraunitary filter banks (LP PUFB) based on the quaternionic algebra (Q-PUFB) for the lossy-to-lossless image coding. A bank Q-PUFB based on the DA block-lifting structure reduces the number of rounding operations and has a regular layout. Since the block-lifting structures with rounding operations can implement the integer-to-integer transform (Q-PUFB)

FPSoC using Xilinx Zynq for medical image coding based on the quaternionic paraunitary filter banks

In this paper, we have introduced a low-cost FPSoC for medical image coding and implemented to telemedicine applications based on the Xilinx Zynq. We have recently introduced a generalized block-lifting structure using the 2-D CORDIC algorithm as a block of 4- and 8-band linear phase paraunitary filter banks (LP PUFB) based on the quaternionic algebra (Q-PUFB) with one-regularity constraints on hypercomplex coefficients of the schemes for the lossy-to-lossless image coding. Its structure can implement the integer-to-integer transform (I-Q-PUFB). The parallel-pipelined efficient architecture (P2E_Q-PUFB) has been proposed. The low latency separable image processing is implemented in the given architecture

Low read-only memory distributed arithmetic implementation of quaternion multiplier using split matrix approach

In most algorithms that use quaternion numbers, the key operation is a quaternion multiplication, of which the efficiency and accuracy obviously determine the same properties of the whole computational scheme of a filter or transform. A digit (L-bit)-serial quaternion multiplier based on the distributed arithmetic (DA) using the splitting of the multiplication matrix is presented. The circuit provides the facility to compute several products of quaternion components concurrently as well as to reduce the memory capacity by half in comparison with the known DA-based multiplier, and it is well suited for field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based fixed-point implementations of the algorithms. Apart from a theoretical development, the experimental design results which are obtained using a Xilinx Virtex 6 FPGA are reported

CORDIC-lifting factorization of paraunitary filter banks based on the quaternionic multipliers for lossless image coding

Quaternions have offered a new paradigm to the signal processing community: to operate directly in a multidimensional domain. We have recently introduced the quaternionic approach to the design and implementation of paraunitary filter banks: four- and eight-channel linear-phase paraunitary filter banks, including those with pairwise-mirror-image symmetric frequency responses. The hypercomplex number theory is utilized to derive novel lattice structures in which quaternion multipliers replace Givens (planar) rotations. Unlike the conventional algorithms, the proposed computational schemes maintain losslessness regardless of their coefficient quantization. Moreover, the one regularity conditions can be expressed directly in terms of the quaternion lattice coefficients and thus easily satisfied even in finite-precision arithmetic. In this paper, a novel approach to realizing CORDIC-lifting factorization of paraunitary filter banks is presented, which is based on the embedding of the CORDIC algorithm inside the lifting scheme. Lifting allows for making multiplications invertible. The 2D CORDIC engine using sparse iterations and asynchronous pipeline processor architecture based on the embedded CORDIC engine as stage of processor is reported. Also it is necessary to notice, that the quaternion multiplier lifting scheme based on the 2D CORDIC algorithm is the structural decision for the lossless digital signal processing. This approach applies to very practical filter banks, which are essential for image processing, and addresses interesting theoretical questions

Design and high-performance hardware architecture for image coding using block-lifting-based quaternionic paraunitary filter banks

In this paper, we have introduced a generalized block-lifting structure using the 2-D CORDIC algorithm as a block of 4-band linear phase paraunitary filter banks (LP PUFB) based on the quaternionic algebra (Q-PUFB) for the lossy-to-lossless image coding. A bank Q-PUFB based on the 2-D CORDIC block-lifting structure reduces the number of rounding operations and has a regular layout. Since the block-lifting structures with rounding operations can implement the integer-to-integer transform (Q-PUFB). The parallel-pipelined efficient architecture (P2E_Q-PUFB) has been proposed. The low latency separable image processing is implemented in the given architecture

AN EFFICIENT SPEECH GENERATIVE MODEL BASED ON DETERMINISTIC/STOCHASTIC SEPARATION OF SPECTRAL ENVELOPES

The paper presents a speech generative model that provides an efficient way of generating speech waveform from its amplitude spectral envelopes. The model is based on hybrid speech representation that includes deterministic (harmonic) and stochastic (noise) components. The main idea behind the approach originates from the fact that speech signal has a determined spectral structure that is statistically bound with deterministic/stochastic energy distribution in the spectrum. The performance of the model is evaluated using an experimental low-bitrate wide-band speech coder. The quality of reconstructed speech is evaluated using objective and subjective methods. Two objective quality characteristics were calculated: Modified Bark Spectral Distortion (MBSD) and Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ). Narrow-band and wide-band versions of the proposed solution were compared with MELP (Mixed Excitation Linear Prediction) speech coder and AMR (Adaptive Multi-Rate) speech coder, respectively. The speech base of two female and two male speakers were used for testing. The performed tests show that overall performance of the proposed approach is speaker-dependent and it is better for male voices. Supposedly, this difference indicates the influence of pitch highness on separation accuracy. In that way, using the proposed approach in experimental speech compression system provides decent MBSD values and comparable PESQ values with AMR speech coder at 6,6 kbit/s. Additional subjective listening testsdemonstrate that the implemented coding system retains phonetic content and speaker’s identity. It proves consistency of the proposed approach.The paper presents a speech generative model that provides an efficient way of generating speech waveform from its amplitude spectral envelopes. The model is based on hybrid speech representation that includes deterministic (harmonic) and stochastic (noise) components. The main idea behind the approach originates from the fact that speech signal has a determined spectral structure that is statistically bound with deterministic/stochastic energy distribution in the spectrum. The performance of the model is evaluated using an experimental low-bitrate wide-band speech coder. The quality of reconstructed speech is evaluated using objective and subjective methods. Two objective quality characteristics were calculated: Modified Bark Spectral Distortion (MBSD) and Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ). Narrow-band and wide-band versions of the proposed solution were compared with MELP (Mixed Excitation Linear Prediction) speech coder and AMR (Adaptive Multi-Rate) speech coder, respectively. The speech base of two female and two male speakers were used for testing. The performed tests show that overall performance of the proposed approach is speaker-dependent and it is better for male voices. Supposedly, this difference indicates the influence of pitch highness on separation accuracy. In that way, using the proposed approach in experimental speech compression system provides decent MBSD values and comparable PESQ values with AMR speech coder at 6,6 kbit/s. Additional subjective listening testsdemonstrate that the implemented coding system retains phonetic content and speaker’s identity. It proves consistency of the proposed approach

Reduction of attribute space dimensionality: the SOCRATES method

The new SOCRATES (ShOrtening CRiteria and ATtributES) method for reducing the dimensionality of attribute space is described. In this method, a large number of initial numerical and/or verbal characteristics of objects are aggregated into a single integral index or several composite indicators with small scales of qualitative estimates. Multiattribute objects are represented as multisets of object propertie

Method for shortening dimensionality of qualitative attribute space

The paper presents a new method SOCRATES (ShOrtening CRiteria and ATtributES) for reducing the dimensionality of attribute space. In the method, a lot of initial numerical and/or verbal characteristics of objects are aggregated into a single integral index or several composite indicators with small scales of qualitative estimates. Aggregation of indicators includes various methods for a transformation of attributes and their scales. Multi-attribute objects are represented as multisets of object propertie