Development and research of basalt plastic material for the flood protection structures

Due to the increasing number of catastrophic floods around the world, creation of an effective system to protect against natural disasters became particularly relevant. The paper investigates introduction of the basalt fiber to reinforce the composite sheet piles. Influence of the reinforcing fiber interlacing type on the nature of plastics destruction was established. Results of the work prove that basalt plastic (BP) exhibits higher climatic resistance than the fiberglass plastic (FGP). After post-curing, strength characteristics relative to the second year were decreasing by 15% with BP and by 22% with FGP in extension, and the strength limit in bending was decreasing by 12% with BP and by 47% with FGP. It was experimentally shown that under a long-term stationary thermal and humidity effect of 23°C/68RH, diffusion was observed on the basalt and fiberglass plastics consisting of two stages. The first stage had a satisfactory statistical error and was adequately approximated by the Fick’s diffusion model and the relaxation model. The second stage had an unsatisfactory statistical error for approximation and was of the spasmodic nature, while the jump in FGP was the largest indicating that the FGP was more susceptible to destruction exposed to the influence of long-term temperature and humidity regime of 23○С/68 RH, than the BP

Surface Treatment of Carbon Fiber Reinforcement to Increase Adhesion with Butadiene Elastomer

В работе приводятся результаты исследования увеличения адгезионного взаимодействия бутадиенового эластомера с армирующей тканью на основе углеволокна. Повышения адгезии эластомера с углеволокном добивались путем поверхностной обработки армирующей ткани, растворенной резиновой смесью в толуоле и клеем Хемосил. В результате исследования высокомодульных материалов на расслоение эластомера от углеволокна наблюдается повышение прочности адгезии. При обработке хемосилом армирующей ткани разрушение происходит по эластомеру, прочность соединения с углеволокном превышает когезионную прочность эластомера. Увеличение адгезии между армирующим наполнителем и бутадиеновой матрицей приводит к изменению упругопрочностных свойств полученных высокомодульных материалов, происходит увеличение прочности при разрыве, твердости, снижение относительного удлинения и абразивостойкости. Методом электронной микроскопии установлено, что поверхностная обработка углеткани приводит к образованию плотного контакта с эластомерной матрицей. При помощи термомеханического анализа показано, что данные материалы могут эксплуатироваться при отрицательных температурахThis study presents the results of the study of increasing the adhesive interaction of butadiene elastomer with the reinforcing fabric based on carbon fiber. Increased adhesion of elastomer with carbon fiber was achieved by surface treatment of reinforcing fabric with dissolved rubber mixture in toluene and Chemosil adhesive mixture. Examination of high-modulus materials for delamination of elastomer from carbon fiber showed an increase in adhesion strength. When a reinforcing fabric is treated with Chemosil adhesive mixture, the destruction occurs over the elastomer, the bond strength to the carbon fiber exceeds the cohesive strength of the elastomer. Increase of adhesion between reinforcing filler and butadiene matrix leads to change of elastic and strength properties of obtained high-modulus materials: increase of tensile strength and hardness, decrease of relative elongation and abrasion resistance. The method of electron microscopy has established that the surface treatment of carbon fabric leads to the formation of a dense contact with the elastomeric matrix. Thermomechanical analysis shows that these materials can be operated at negative temperature

Development and research of basalt plastic material for the flood protection structures

Due to the increasing number of catastrophic floods around the world, creation of an effective system to protect against natural disasters became particularly relevant. The paper investigates introduction of the basalt fiber to reinforce the composite sheet piles. Influence of the reinforcing fiber interlacing type on the nature of plastics destruction was established. Results of the work prove that basalt plastic (BP) exhibits higher climatic resistance than the fiberglass plastic (FGP). After post-curing, strength characteristics relative to the second year were decreasing by 15% with BP and by 22% with FGP in extension, and the strength limit in bending was decreasing by 12% with BP and by 47% with FGP. It was experimentally shown that under a long-term stationary thermal and humidity effect of 23°C/68RH, diffusion was observed on the basalt and fiberglass plastics consisting of two stages. The first stage had a satisfactory statistical error and was adequately approximated by the Fick’s diffusion model and the relaxation model. The second stage had an unsatisfactory statistical error for approximation and was of the spasmodic nature, while the jump in FGP was the largest indicating that the FGP was more susceptible to destruction exposed to the influence of long-term temperature and humidity regime of 23○С/68 RH, than the BP

Wireless energy data acquisition protocol for the real-time monitoring systems

Кычкин Алексей Владимирович, канд. техн. наук, доцент кафедры микропроцессорных средств автоматизации, Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет; [email protected]. A.V. Kychkin, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm', Russian Federation, [email protected]Разработка новых протоколов беспроводного сбора и передачи энергоданных для систем мониторинга состояния электроэнергетических сетей (ЭЭС) в реальном времени выглядит перспективным и актуальным направлением исследований в связи с возрастающим противоречием между потребностями в информатизации отечественной энергетики и состоянием доступных информационно-измерительных систем. В статье рассматривается подход к организации протокола беспроводного сбора данных в системе мониторинга электроэнергетической сети. Рассмотрены основные режимы мониторинга компонентов ЭЭС, в том числе мониторинг состояния генератора, находящегося в автономном режиме, мониторинг запуска генератора, характеризуемые высокой скоростью получения и обработки энергоданных. Приведена типовая реализация подключения модулей сбора данных в систему мониторинга сегмента ЭЭС. На основании схемы подключения модулей сбора данных в систему мониторинга ЭЭС разработан алгоритм беспроводного сбора данных, реализованный временной диаграммой работы локально синхронизированных беспроводных сетей с доступом узлов в сети к радиоканалу, синхронизированному по времени. Синхронный доступ к радиоканалу позволяет сократить потребление энергии, продлевая срок автономной работы модулей сбора данных. Предлагаемый способ разделения множеством модулей сбора данных системы мониторинга одного измерительного канала связи по времени подразумевает, что разные модули, находясь в одном частотном интервале, используют разные временные интервалы для передачи информации. Протокол предоставляет каждому модулю полный доступ к интервалу частоты в течение короткого периода времени. Такой подход к организации распределенной системы мониторинга является эффективным в построении логики взаимодействия фиксированного числа элементов удаленного сбора данных, обеспечивая адекватную оценку состояния сети. Проведена оптимизация протокола сбора данных и его исследование в части определения максимального числа подключаемых модулей. Работа выполнена в рамках гранта Президента Росийской Федерации по государственной поддержке молодых российских ученых – кандидатов наук, МК-5279.2014.8 «Синтез эффективных технологий удаленного мониторинга и управления состоянием интеллектуальной электроэнергетической системы с активно-адаптивной сетью». Development of new protocols wireless energy data collection and transmission for monitoring systems of the electricity networks (EN) in real time looks promising and relevant area of research with regard to the growing contradiction needs informatization of domestic power and the state of available information-measuring systems. The article considers the approach to protocol wireless data collection system for monitoring the power grid. The main modes of monitoring components of EN, including the monitoring of the generator is in stand-alone mode, monitoring the generator start, characterized by a high rate of receiving and processing energy data. A typical implementation of the connection data acquisition modules in a system of monitoring segment EN is shown. Algorithm of wireless data collection implemented a timing chart of the locally synchronized wireless access nodes in the network to the radio channel synchronized in time is developed on the basis of wiring diagram data acquisition modules in a system for monitoring the EN. Simultaneous access to the radio channel allows to reduce power consumption, extending the battery life data acquisition modules. The method for separating a plurality of data acquisition modules of the system for monitoring the communications channel measurement time implies that the different modules use different time slots for information transmission being in the same frequency range. The protocol provides each module access to the full range of frequencies for a short period of time. Such a distributed approach to monitoring system is effective in constructing interaction logic of a fixed number of elements of the remote acquisition of data by providing an adequate assessment of the network. The optimization of the data collection protocol and its investigation in terms of determining the maximum number of plug-ins is performed. The work was performed as part of the grant of the President of the Russian Federation for state support of young Russian scientists - candidates, MK-5279.2014.8 “Synthesis of efficient technologies for remote monitoring and managing of intellectual power system with active-adaptive network”

Assessment of Extremely Cold Subarctic Climate Environment Destruction of the Basalt Fiber Reinforced Epoxy (BFRE) Rebar Using Its Moisture Uptake Kinetics

A quite simple method is proposed for the assessment of extremely cold subarctic climate environment destruction of the basalt fiber reinforced epoxy (BFRE) rebar. The method involves the comparison of experimentally obtained long-term moisture uptake kinetic curves of unexposed and exposed BFRP rebars. A moisture uptake test was carried out at the temperature of 60 °C and relative humidity of 98 ± 2% for 306 days. The plasticization can be neglected because of low-level moisture saturation (<0.41% wt.); the swelling and structural relaxation of the polymer network can be neglected due to the high fiber content of BFRP rebar; moisture diffusion into the basalt fibers can be neglected since it is a much lesser amount than in the epoxy binder. These assumptions made it possible to build a three-stage diffusion model. It is observed that an increase in the density of defects with an increase in the diameter of the BFRP rebar is the result of the technology of manufacturing a periodic profile. The diffusion coefficient of the BFRP rebar with a 6, 10, or 18 mm diameter increased at an average of 82.7%, 56.7%, and 30%, respectively, after exposure to the climate of Yakutsk during 28 months, whereas it was known that the strength indicators had been increased

Effect of Borpolymer on Mechanical and Structural Parameters of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene

The paper presents the results of studying the effect of borpolymer (BP) on the mechanical properties, structure, and thermodynamic parameters of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Changes in the mechanical characteristics of polymer composites material (PCM) are confirmed and complemented by structural studies. X-ray crystallography (XRC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (IR) were used to study the melting point, morphology and composition of the filler, which corresponds to the composition and data of the certificate of the synthesized BP. Tensile and compressive mechanical tests were carried out in accordance with generally accepted standards (ASTM). It is shown that BP is an effective modifier for UHMWPE, contributing to a significant increase in the deformation and strength characteristics of the composite: tensile strength of PCM by 56%, elongation at break by 28% and compressive strength at 10% strain by 65% compared to the initial UHMWPE, due to intensive changes in the supramolecular structure of the matrix. Structural studies revealed that BP does not chemically interact with UHMWPE, but due to its high adhesion to the polymer, it acts as a reinforcing filler. SEM was used to establish the formation of a spherulite supramolecular structure of polymer composites

THE FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD IN PAVEMENTS RESEARCH WITH REAL TRANSPORT LOADING

The finite differences method application model to calculation of pavements dynamic characteristics is offered. The recurrence relationsallow establishing amplitude-time and am- plitude-frequency characteristics taking into account viscoelastic material properties. Results of computing experiment are received at varied values of physic mechanical characteristics

DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF PAVEMENT SUBJECTED TO MOVING LOAD

The problem of dynamic equilibrium of the pavement under the action of moving load using ratios plane strain viscoelastic solid, resting on viscoelastic foundation is considered. By using finite difference method developed economical constitutive relation for numerical im- plementation of the problem. Approach to analysis in the frequency range is offered. Depend- ences of the road surface displacement amplitude on moving load speed for different values of foundation modulus are shown. Optimal speed of moving load is determined