7,396 research outputs found
Investigation of the Thermal Degradation of Polyurea: The Effect of Ammonium Polyphosphate and Expandable Graphite
Polyurea was compounded with ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite and the morphology was studied by atomic force microscopy. The thermal degradation of polyurea and polyurea compounded with the additives has been investigated using thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The study of the thermal degradation and the parameters affecting the thermal stability of PU is essential in order to effectively design flame retarded polyurea. In general, thermal decomposition of polyurea occurs in two steps assigned to the degradation of the hard segment and soft segment, respectively. Adding these additives accelerates the decomposition reaction of polyurea. However, it is clear that more char is formed. This char is thermally more stable than the carbonaceous structure obtained from neat PU. The intumescent shield traps the polymer fragments and limits the evolution of small flammable molecules that are able to feed the flame
On the chemistry of hydrides of N atoms and O ions
Previous work by various authors has suggested that the detection by
Herschel/HIFI of nitrogen hydrides along the low density lines of sight towards
G10.6-0.4 (W31C) cannot be accounted for by gas-phase chemical models. In this
paper we investigate the role of surface reactions on dust grains in diffuse
regions, and we find that formation of the hydrides by surface reactions on
dust grains with efficiency comparable to that for H formation reconciles
models with observations of nitrogen hydrides. However, similar surface
reactions do not contribute significantly to the hydrides of O ions
detected by Herschel/HIFI present along many sight lines in the Galaxy. The
O hydrides can be accounted for by conventional gas-phase chemistry either
in diffuse clouds of very low density with normal cosmic ray fluxes or in
somewhat denser diffuse clouds with high cosmic ray fluxes. Hydride chemistry
in dense dark clouds appears to be dominated by gas-phase ion-molecule
reactions.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables Accepted for publication in Ap
Fairness Evaluation in Cooperative Hybrid Cellular Systems
Many method has been applied previously to improve the fairness of a wireless communication system. In this paper, we propose using hybrid schemes, where more than one transmission scheme are used in one system, to achieve this objective. These schemes consist of cooperative transmission schemes, maximal ratio transmission and interference alignment, and non-cooperative schemes, orthogonal and non-orthogonal schemes used alongside and in combinations in the same system to improve the fairness. We provide different weight calculation methods to vary the output of the fairness problem. We show the solution of the radio resource allocation problem for the transmission schemes used. Finally, simulation results is provided to show fairness achieved, in terms of Jain's fairness index, by applying the hybrid schemes proposed and the different weight calculation methods at different inter-site distances
Blind separation of underdetermined mixtures with additive white and pink noises
This paper presents an approach for underdetermined
blind source separation in the case of additive Gaussian
white noise and pink noise. Likewise, the proposed approach is applicable in the case of separating I + 3 sources from I mixtures with additive two kinds of noises. This situation is more challenging and suitable to practical real world problems. Moreover, unlike to some conventional approaches, the sparsity conditions are not imposed. Firstly, the mixing matrix is estimated based on an algorithm that combines short time Fourier transform and rough-fuzzy clustering. Then, the mixed
signals are normalized and the source signals are recovered using modified Gradient descent Local Hierarchical Alternating Least Squares Algorithm exploiting the mixing matrix obtained from the previous step as an input and initialized by multiplicative algorithm for matrix factorization based on alpha divergence. The experiments and simulation results
show that the proposed approach can separate I + 3 source
signals from I mixed signals, and it has superior evaluation performance compared to some conventional approaches
-dimensional charged Anti-de-Sitter black holes in gravity
We present a -dimensional charged Anti-de-Sitter black hole solutions in
gravity, where and . These solutions are
characterized by flat or cylindrical horizons. The interesting feature of these
solutions is the existence of inseparable electric monopole and quadrupole
terms in the potential which share related momenta, in contrast with most of
the known charged black hole solutions in General Relativity and its
extensions. Furthermore, these solutions have curvature singularities which are
milder than those of the known charged black hole solutions in General
Relativity and Teleparallel Gravity. This feature can be shown by calculating
some invariants of curvature and torsion tensors. Furthermore, we calculate the
total energy of these black holes using the energy-momentum tensor. Finally, we
show that these charged black hole solutions violate the first law of
thermodynamics in agreement with previous results.Comment: 11 Pages, will appear in JHE
Rotating charged AdS solutions in quadratic gravity
We present a class of asymptotically anti-de Sitter charged rotating black
hole solutions in gravity in -dimensions, where . These solutions are nontrivial extensions of the solutions presented in
\cite{Lemos:1994xp} and \cite{Awad:2002cz} in the context of general
relativity. They are characterized by cylindrical, toroidal or flat horizons,
depending on global identifications. The static charged black hole
configurations obtained in \cite{Awad:2017tyz} are recovered as special cases
when the rotation parameters vanish. Similar to \cite{Awad:2017tyz} the static
black holes solutions have two different electric multipole terms in the
potential with related moments. Furthermore, these solutions have milder
singularities compared to their general relativity counterparts. Using the
conserved charges expressions obtained in \cite{Ulhoa:2013gca} and
\cite{Maluf:2008ug} we calculate the total mass/energy and the angular momentum
of these solutions.Comment: 11 pages, Version accepted in EPJ
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