A genogeographic study of the Kyrgyz mountain merino via microsatellite markers

The aim was to ascertain the genetic and geographical structure of the Kyrgyz mountain merino (KMM). We analyzed DNA samples of 109 Kyrgyz mountain merino specimens, bred in three state breeding factories (STB), including“Orgochor” in the Issykul Province,“Katta-Taldyk” in the Osh Province and STb named after Luschikhin in the Talas Province. We identified 126 alleles in 12 microsatellite markers (McM042, INRA006, McM527, ETH152, CSRD247, OarFCB20, INRA172, INRA063, MAF065, MAF214, INRA005, INRA023). There were 6 to 16 alleles in each locus (mean 10.500 ± 0.957 alleles per locus). We identified 67 rare alleles (prevalence less than 5.0 %), which made up 53.2 % of all alleles found. The greatest number of rare alleles was found in STR-markers of CSRD247, INRA023, INRA005, INRA006, MAF214 and OarFCB20. For each group, there were individual differences in the distribution of allele frequencies across all the STR loci studied. The most significant of them were as follows: with regard to the McM042 locus, allele 87 was major in the TALAS and OSH groups (35.6 and 45.7 %, respectively), whereas allele 95 was major in the ISSYK-KUL group (36.2 %); allele 154 was major in all groups with regard to the INRA172 locus, but it was 1.25 times less prevalent in the ISSYK-KUL and 1.66 times less prevalent in the OSH groups compared to TALAS (55.2 and 41.4 %, respectively), whereas alleles 156 and 158 were found only in the ISSYK-KUL group. Considering the ETH152 locus, 186 allele prevalence in the TALAS group was 51.1 %, but allele 190 was also markedly prevalent in the ISSYK-KUL and OSH groups, 34.5 and 34.3 %, respectively. The genetic division of the studied groups of KMM (with K from 3 to 10) was homogeneous – the contribution of each subcluster was equivalent. The AMOVA analysis revealed that the groups are located equidistantly. To conclude, the genetic diversity of the Kyrgyz mountain merino in three state breeding factories of the Kyrgyz Republic was high and comparable with each other

PEGylated systems in pharmaceutics

This review addresses the use of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and PEG conjugation for the design of novel dosage forms and the modification of biomolecules. The peculiarities of PEGylated nanoparticles, liposomes, proteins, enzymes, and small drug and polyelectrolyte molecules and their influence on systemic drug delivery, including overcoming of various biological barriers and adhesion to mucosal tissues (mucoadhesion), are considered

Synthetic water-soluble polymers in solution/ Bekturov

p. 241.: ill.; 23 c

Application of the method of phase portraits to the analysis of the kinetics of redistribution of metal ion concentrations in the polyelectrolyte hydrogel-multicomponent solution system

International audienceThe kinetics of redistribution of metal ion concentrations in a system based on a polyelectrolyte hydrogel and a multicomponent salt solution (CuSO 4 and Na 2SO 4) were experimentally examined and theoretically treated. Independently of the mixture composition, the hydrogel swelling-contraction behavior and the sorption-desorption of metal ions are determined by the reactivity of metal ions: the hydrogel sorbs copper ions from solution and collapses; as a result, sodium ions (counterions) are released into the solution. The presence of sodium ions in the mixture decreases the amount of absorbed copper ions and slows down their sorption rate. The method of phase portraits made it possible to obtain a phenomenological equation describing the kinetics of redistribution of metal ion concentrations in the hydrogel-solution system at each hydrogel swelling step (disappearance of dry phase, swelling, and collapse). Experimental data were treated using the frequency filtration technique, which is based on the numerical simulation of a low-pass filter used in radio engineering. With increasing filtration period, the difference between various hydrogel swelling steps is shown to vanish. Comparison of the phase portraits of various mixtures shows that an increase in the amount of any component in the mixture decreases the differences between swelling steps and, thus, substantially simplifies the theoretical description of the process kinetics