2 research outputs found
ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Brassica L
Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) is one of the most important metasperms. Kale Brassica includes economically important vegetable, forage, oil-bearing, ornamental crops and it is widespread in the world. This is explained by variety of food organs, high yield, environmental plasticity, different ways of food use and valuable biochemical composition. One of the most important ways to improve the efficiency of vegetables is seen as increasing the number of cultivated vegetables and their varietal diversity. The authors speak about necessity to breed new varieties and hybrids of cabbage crops, not represented in the state register, as well as missing types of varieties in order to expand the range of vegetables. The paper points out that cultivation in the Asian part of Russia requires the varieties and hybrids of all cabbage crops that combine high productivity and complex resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, eco-friendly, high-quality, with a different period of vegetation, including for horticultural use. The authors focus on increasing the nutritional value of vegetables and higher number of biologically active matters for making functional products. It is important and necessary to search within each cabbage for forms that combine productivity, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors when being grown in different environmental and geographical areas with a valuable biochemical composition. This allows to use efficiently cultivated and recommended for cultivation in the Asian part of Russia types and forms of Brassica L. vegetables. It is necessary for dietetic nutrition and raw materials in medical industry. All varieties of cabbage plants are supposed to be significant and reliable basis for improving population health and life expectancy taking into account existing environmental problems in the regions of Asian Russia.Π‘Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) β ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ° Brassica L. Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ Π½Π° Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ: ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° β ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π°Π·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π°Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π² Ρ.βΡ. Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌ, ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π°Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
, Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΊ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π°Π·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ, ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Brassica L. Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ β ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ (Brassicaceae Burnett)
Root crops of the Cabbage family (radish, turnip, garden radish, Russian turnip) are valuable root vegetable crops widely cultivated in the world. Radish and garden radish belong to botanical species Raphanus sativus L., turnips belong to species Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa, and Russian turnip to Brassica napobrassica L. The root crops are valuable for high concentration of vitamins B1, B2, B6, PP, C, essential amino acids and essential and mustard oils. The world collection of root plants of Cabbage family is represented by more than 2500 samples of garden radish and radish from 75 countries; 604 samples of turnip from 32 countries, 251 samples of rutabaga from 26 countries. The researchers from Russian Institute of Genetic Plant Resources named after N.I.Vavilov are involved in collecting, preserving and investigating genetic resources of root crops. The collection is being completed by expeditionary surveys, references from breeding institutions in Russia, extracts from foreign genetic banks and commercial acquisitions. The authors focus on the fact that cultivation of root crops in the Asian part of Russia requires varieties of garden radish, radish, turnips and Russian turnip not only with high yield potential, but also well adapted to local conditions, high nutritional value and high concentration of biologically active matters. Breeding of these crops should be aimed at improving their biological and consumer properties. The properties are seen as tasty varieties, ones with nutritional value that are able to keep juiciness of the pulp for a long time and resistant to biotic and abiotic environmental factors.ΠΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ (ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°, ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ, Π±ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π°) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅. Π Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Raphanus sativus L., ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ° β ΠΊ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa, Π±ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π° β ΠΊ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Brassica napobrassica L. ΠΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π1, Π2, Π6, Π Π , Π‘,Β Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π». ΠΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ 2500 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· 75 ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°, 604 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡ ΠΈΠ· 32 ΡΡΡΠ°Π½, 251 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΡΠΊΠ²Ρ ΠΈΠ· 26 ΡΡΡΠ°Π½. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΠΠΠ ΠΈΠΌ. Π. Π. ΠΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π² Π°Π·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡ ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΠΊΠ²Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². Π‘Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π°Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ