Lecture Course “Modern Physics”

In the paper, the structure of the lecture course “Modern Physics” is described in detail. The course is based on a logical presentation of modern ideas about quantum-, atomic-, nuclear-, and molecular physics as well as astrophysics. A special attention is paid to a relatively new interdisciplinary research field, namely the physics of open systems, and to the study of clusters as one of the most promising scientific areas. Separate chapters of the textbook are devoted to nonlinear optics, quantum information, structure and dynamics of molecules. The fundamental laws and concepts of modern physics, their relationship and origin are comprehensively discussed. It is underlined that this lecture course is intended, first of all, for students of technical universities, postgraduate students of relevant specialties, as well as professors of vocation-related subjects. The inclusion of new sections of physics in the curricula of universities is rationalized, in particular, by the fact that physics is closely related to engineering. Due to this fact, the important role that physics plays in society becomes especially evident. The paper may also be of interest to those who are fond of physics and its state-of-the art

The quality of early breast cancer diagnosis in urban women by doctors of adult polyclinics

In oncology, one of the leading places belongs to breast cancer. This problem is particularly significant in the current situation, when the issue of reproductive health of the female population is acute lyuped in connection with the unfavourable demographic trends in our country. Early diagnosis of precancerous diseases and initial stages of cancer is possible only with active search of patients among practically healthy people. However, despite the availability of breast for examination in adult clinics, malignant tumors of these locations are often found with considerable delay. The most important factor in the success of early diagnosis of oncopathology is the work of primary health care physicians. However, there have been no studies on the quality of early diagnosis of breast cancer in urban women in modern seffings. Purpose of the study. to study the quality of early diagnosis of breast cancer in urban women by doctors of adult polyclinics. Materials and methods. Adult clinics №.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12 of Ivanovo have been identified as the basis of the study. The study was conducted in 2018. The program of the study included the use of methods: expert, sociological, mathematical and statistical. Surveillance units: a woman with a malignant breast formation living in the city; case of detected and confirmed malignant breast formation. A retrospective analysis of 600 expert opinions was carried out, the survey method on the questionnaire studied women's satisfaction with premorbid prevention in the adult clinic and the availability of early diagnosis of breast cancer (100 patients). The data were processed using applied computer programs. Results. It has been established that the main causes of late diagnosis of breast cancer in urban women are: untimely treatment of the patient in a medical and preventive institution, deviations from the standard of examination of women for oncopathology, errors in diagnosis, features of the course of the disease (lightning or latent form), non-compliance with continuity in the management of the patient.Conclusion. Analysis of expert opinions on advanced cases of breast cancer showed that the bulk of the defects detected are preventable and are associated with low cancer of doctors and failure to fully and properly perform the standard of examination oncopathology

FEATURES OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL COMPONENT OF THE IVANOVO REGION HEALTH SYSTEM POLICY IN MALIGNANT TUMORS EARLY DIAGNOSIS

Purpose of the stydy. To study the Features of the technological component of the Ivanovo region health system policy in malignant tumors early diagnosisMaterials and methods. The base of the research is the Ivanovo Regional Oncology Dispensery, Department of Health of the Ivanovo Region. Methods: sociological, expert assessment, analytical, documentary. The assessment of the technological component of oncological service policy was carried out in the three areas: a) an assessment of the quality of oncological assistance using the method of correspondence examination of completed cases of assistance with filling out expert assessment cards (600 cases of assistance); b) an assessment of patients' satisfaction with the help provided by the method of a sociological questionnaire survey (600 patients); c) an assessment of the apparent patients' dissatisfaction with the help provided based on the analysis of justified complaints (30 people).Results. The expertize of oncological medical services provided showed that there is a decrease in a number of its properties in modern conditions. The first ranking places in terms of the frequency of violations belong to the following properties of medical services quality: timeliness; adequacy; continuity; performance, availability. In the structure of medical and organizational defects in the quality of care, according to the results of expert evaluation, the leading part of them- 70.5% — is occupied by diagnostic defects (non-compliance by the medical personnel with the oncological screening standard, non-use of instrumental and laboratory research methods).Conclusion. The policy of oncological care quality has signs of decrease (the number of diagnostic and medical-organi­zational defects averages 1.7 for each case of diagnosed cancer), which leads to advanced cases of oncopathology. The results of the study showed that the current system of oncological care in modern conditions is not sufficiently effective and requires improvement, including by increasing the doctors' level of cancer alertness, increasing the efficiency of the regional cancer pathology commissions

Recent Advances in Creating Biopreparations to Fight Oil Spills in Soil Ecosystems in Sharply Continental Climate of Republic of Kazakhstan

The problem of eliminating petroleum pollution and its consequences is currently very relevant for Kazakhstan, which is among the ten largest oil-producing countries. The specifics of natural conditions—the sharply continental arid climate—necessitate the development and application of adequate technologies for the restoration of oil-contaminated territories and the Caspian seashore. The key factors (temperature, moisture, alkalinity, salinity, low mineral and organic matter content) affect the self-purification processes and microbiological status of oil-contaminated soils of Kazakhstan. The assessment of taxonomic diversity and characteristics of oil-degrading microorganisms isolated from samples of soils and reservoirs contaminated with hydrocarbons are given. The review of biopreparations and biotechnologies developed and used in Kazakhstan for cleaning environments from oil pollution is made, and their effectiveness is shown. The analysis of the current state of research in the field of biodegradation of hazardous pollutants and bioremediation of oil-contaminated areas allows us to identify promising areas of further work and approaches to the development and improvement of technologies for environmental protection