FRUIT PEEL EXTRACTS WITH POTENTIAL FOR DISSOLVING SIMULATED RENAL STONES IN IN VITRO CONDITIONS

Objective: To evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of selected fruit peels on simulated renal stones in in vitro conditions.Methods: Simulated renal stones were prepared by homogenous precipitation method. The criterion selected was to estimate the amount of calcium oxalate remaining in the semi-permeable membranes by Kramer and Tisdal method with slight modification. A suitable media was provided by TRIS buffer.Results: The crude methanol extract of Musa sapientum exhibited highest dissolution of calcium oxalate ie.9.15 mg and the percent dissolved was found to be 91.5% in comparison to Malus pumila methanol extract which dissolved 8.96 mg (89.6%) and Punica granatum methanol extract which dissolved 8.0 mg (80.0%). Its activity was comparable with that of standard drug Tamsulosin hydrochloride (400 mg) with a percentage dissolved of about 90.5%.Conclusion: Experimental evidence showed that methanol and aqueous fruit peel extracts of Musa sapientum, Malus pumila, and Punica granatum possess potential antiurolithiatic activity. Their effect is found to be significant and the extracts can be used in the treatment of lithiasis

Tuberculosis: an overview of current literature on types, diagnosis and drug therapy

Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infectious disease caused by organisms of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. It is a global problem and increases in case rates are occurring not only in the developing countries of the world but also in several industrialized nations. There has also been an alarming increase in the number and proportion of cases caused by strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that are resistant to multiple first-line drugs. The increase in multiple-drug resistant tuberculosis has re-taught physicians about the importance of pursuing and ensuring treatment until cure. In many low-income and middle-income countries, TB continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and drug-resistant TB is a major concern in many settings. This article offers an overview of types, diagnosis and management of TB