3,053 research outputs found
Reactive oxygen species induce virus-independent MAVS-oligomerization in systemic lupus erythematosus
The increased expression of genes induced by type I interferon (IFN) is characteristic of viral infections and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We showed that mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein, which normally forms a complex with retinoic acid gene I (RIG-I)–like helicases during viral infection, was activated by oxidative stress independently of RIG-I helicases. We found that chemically generated oxidative stress stimulated the formation of MAVS oligomers, which led to mitochondrial hyperpolarization and decreased adenosine triphosphate production and spare respiratory capacity, responses that were not observed in similarly treated cells lacking MAVS. Peripheral blood lymphocytes of SLE patients also showed spontaneous MAVS oligomerization that correlated with the increased secretion of type I IFN and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Furthermore, inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ prevented MAVS oligomerization and type I IFN production. ROS-dependent MAVS oligomerization and type I IFN production were reduced in cells expressing the MAVS-C79F variant, which occurs in 30% of sub-Saharan Africans and is linked with reduced type I IFN secretion and milder disease in SLE patients. Patients expressing the MAVS-C79F variant also had reduced amounts of oligomerized MAVS in their plasma compared to healthy controls. Together, our findings suggest that oxidative stress–induced MAVS oligomerization in SLE patients may contribute to the type I IFN signature that is characteristic of this syndrome
Dynamic Critical Phenomena of Polymer Solutions
Recently, a systematic experiment measuring critical anomaly of viscosity of
polymer solutions has been reported by H. Tanaka and his co-workers
(Phys.Rev.E, 65, 021802, (2002)). According to their experiments, the dynamic
critical exponent of viscosity y_c drastically decreases with increasing the
molecular weight. In this article the kinetic coefficients renormalized by the
non-linear hydrodynamic interaction are calculated by the mode coupling theory.
We predict that the critical divergence of viscosity should be suppressed with
increasing the molecular weight. The diffusion constant and the dynamic
structure factor are also calculated. The present results explicitly show that
the critical dynamics of polymer solutions should be affected by an extra
spatio-temporal scale intrinsic to polymer solutions, and are consistent with
the experiment of Tanaka, et al.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figures, to be published in J.Phys.Soc.Jp
Weak Gravity Conjecture and Holographic Dark Energy Model with Interaction and Spatial Curvature
In the paper, we apply the weak gravity conjecture to the holographic
quintessence model of dark energy. Three different holographic dark energy
models are considered: without the interaction in the non-flat universe; with
interaction in the flat universe; with interaction in the non-flat universe. We
find that only in the models with the spatial curvature and interaction term
proportional to the energy density of matter, it is possible for the weak
gravity conjecture to be satisfied.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, typographical errors are corrected; conclusin is
unchange
Low Energy Pion-Hyperon Interaction
We study the low energy pion-hyperon interaction considering effective
non-linear chiral invariant Lagrangians including pions, rho mesons, hyperons
and corresponding resonances. Then we calculate the S- and P-wave phase-shifts,
total cross sections, angular distributions and polarizations for the momentum
in the center-of-mass frame up to k=400 MeV. With these results we discuss the
CP violation in the csi-> pi-lambda and omega-> pi-csi weak decays.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure
Charged Scalar Particles and Leptonic Decay
Charged scalar particles introduced in some extensions of the standard model
can induce leptonic decay at tree level. We find that with some charged
SU(2)-singlet scalar particles, like ones introduced in Zee-type models,
leptonic decay width is always smaller than what is predicted by the standard
model, therefore they may offer a natural solution to decay puzzle. To
be more specific, we examine some Zee-type models in detail to see if at the
same time they are acceptable in particle physics, cosmology and astrophysics.
It is shown that decay data do put some constrains on these models.Comment: ICTP Report No. IC/93/31, 12 pages, Latex, one figure is not
included, it is available upon deman
Effect of daily chlorhexidine bathing on hospital-acquired infection
BACKGROUND
Results of previous single-center, observational studies suggest that daily bathing of patients with chlorhexidine may prevent hospital-acquired bloodstream infections and the acquisition of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs).
METHODS
We conducted a multicenter, cluster-randomized, nonblinded crossover trial to evaluate the effect of daily bathing with chlorhexidine-impregnated washcloths on the acquisition of MDROs and the incidence of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. Nine intensive care and bone marrow transplantation units in six hospitals were randomly assigned to bathe patients either with no-rinse 2% chlorhexidine– impregnated washcloths or with nonantimicrobial washcloths for a 6-month period, exchanged for the alternate product during the subsequent 6 months. The incidence rates of acquisition of MDROs and the rates of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections were compared between the two periods by means of Poisson regression analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 7727 patients were enrolled during the study. The overall rate of MDRO acquisition was 5.10 cases per 1000 patient-days with chlorhexidine bathing versus 6.60 cases per 1000 patient-days with nonantimicrobial washcloths (P=0.03), the equivalent of a 23% lower rate with chlorhexidine bathing. The overall rate of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections was 4.78 cases per 1000 patient-days with chlorhexidine bathing versus 6.60 cases per 1000 patient-days with nonantimicrobial washcloths (P=0.007), a 28% lower rate with chlorhexidine-impregnated washcloths. No serious skin reactions were noted during either study period.
CONCLUSIONS
Daily bathing with chlorhexidine-impregnated washcloths significantly reduced the risks of acquisition of MDROs and development of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. (Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Sage Products; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00502476.
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